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'''For patient information click [[Aspiration pneumonia(patient information)|here]]'''
__NOTOC__
{{Aspiration pneumonia}}
'''For patient information, click [[Aspiration pneumonia(patient information)|here]]'''


{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SKA}}, {{SSH}}
  Name          = Aspiration pneumonia |
  Image          = Aspiration pneumonia (2).jpg |
  Caption        = Histopathologic image of aspiration pneumonia in an elderly patient with debilitating neurologic illness. Note foreign-body giant cell reaction. Autopsy case. H & E stain. |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|J|69|0|j|60}}, {{ICD10|P|24|9|p|20}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|507}}, {{ICD9|770.12}}, {{ICD9|770.14}}, {{ICD9|770.16}}, {{ICD9|770.18}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = 000121 |
  eMedicineSubj  = emerg |
  eMedicineTopic = 464 |
  DiseasesDB    = |
}}
{{Pneumonia}}


{{CMG}}
{{SK}}
==[[Aspiration pneumonia overview|Overview]]==


==Overview==
==[[Aspiration pneumonia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


'''Aspiration pneumonia''' (or aspiration pneumonitis) is caused by [[Pulmonary aspiration|aspirating]] foreign objects which are usually oral or gastric contents, either while eating, or after reflux or vomiting which results in [[bronchopneumonia]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kmle.com/search.php?Search=aspiration+pneumonia | title = ''KMLE Medical Dictionary Definition of aspiration pneumonia'' | author = [http://www.kmle.com The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary]}}</ref> The resulting lung inflammation is not an infection but can contribute to one, since the material aspirated may contain [[Anaerobic organism|anaerobic]] bacteria or other unusual causes of pneumonia. Aspiration is a leading cause of death among hospital and [[nursing home]] patients, since they often cannot adequately protect their airways and may have otherwise impaired defenses.
==[[Aspiration pneumonia classification|Classification]]==


==[[Aspiration pneumonia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==[[Aspiration pneumonia causes|Causes]]==


==Causes==
==[[Aspiration pneumonia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Aspiration pneumonia from other Diseases]]==
Aspiration pneumonia is often caused by an incompetent [[swallowing]] mechanism, such as occurs in some forms of neurological disease (a common cause being [[cerebrovascular accident|strokes]]) or while a person is [[Drunkenness|intoxicated]]. An [[iatrogenic]] cause is during [[general anaesthesia]] for an [[Surgery|operation]] and patients are therefore instructed to be [[nil per os]] (NPO) for at least four hours before surgery.


Whether aspiration pneumonia represents a true bacterial infection or a chemical inflammatory process remains the subject of significant controversy. Both causes may present with similar symptoms.
==[[Aspiration pneumonia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==Location==
==[[Aspiration pneumonia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
The location is often gravity dependent, and depends on the patient position. Generally the right middle and lower lung lobes are the most common sites of infiltrate formation due to the larger caliber and more vertical orientation of the right mainstem bronchus.


Patients who aspirate while standing can have bilateral lower lung lobe infiltrates. The right upper lobe is a common area of consolidation in alcoholics who aspirate in the prone position.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic464.htm | title = eMedicine.com: Pneumonia, Aspiration'' | author = Anand Swaminathan, MD}} Retrieved: 2007-01-20</ref>
==[[Aspiration pneumonia screening|Screening]]==


Depending on the acidity of the aspirate, a chemical pneumonitis can develop, and bacterial pathogens (particularly [[anaerobic bacteria]]) may add to the inflammation.
==[[Aspiration pneumonia natural history, complications, and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


== Histopathological Findings in Aspiration Pneumonia==
==Diagnosis==
[[Aspiration pneumonia diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia x-ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia CT scan|CT-Scan Findings]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


<youtube v=bTqgAfQv0p4/>
==Treatment==
[[Aspiration pneumonia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Aspiration pneumonia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]]


==See also==
==Case Studies==
* [[Dysphagia]]
[[Aspiration pneumonia case study one|Case #1]]
* [[Meconium aspiration syndrome]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
* [[Nosocomial pneumonia]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]​


==References==
<references/>
{{SIB}}
[[Category:Pneumonia]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 06:31, 28 July 2020

Aspiration pneumonia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Aspiration Pneumonia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Aspiration pneumonia On the Web

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Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Aspiration pneumonia

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X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
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MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Aspiration pneumonia

CDC onAspiration pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia in the news

Blogs on Aspiration pneumonia

Directions to Hospitals Treating Pneumonia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Aspiration pneumonia

For patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sunny Kumar MD [2], Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[3]

Synonyms and keywords:

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Aspiration pneumonia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1​

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