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| {{drugbox
| | #REDIRECT[[Foscarnet sodium]] |
| | IUPAC_name = phosphonomethanoic acid
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| | image = Fascarnet.png|100px
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| | CAS_number = 63585-09-1
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| | ATC_prefix = J05
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| | ATC_suffix = AD01
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| | PubChem = 3415
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| | DrugBank = APRD00669
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| | C = 1 |H = 3 |O = 5 |P = 1
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| | molecular_weight = 126.005 [[Gram|g]]/[[Mole (unit)|mol]]<br>300.1 g/mol <small>(foscarnet trisodium hexahydrate)</small>
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| | bioavailability = NA
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| | protein_bound = 14-17%
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| | metabolism =
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| | elimination_half-life = 3.3-6.8 hours
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| | pregnancy_category = B3 <small>([[Australia|Au]])</small>, C <small>([[United States|U.S.]])</small>
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| | legal_status = ℞-only <small>(U.S.)</small>, [[Prescription drug|POM]] <small>([[United Kingdom|UK]])</small>
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| | routes_of_administration = [[Intravenous therapy|Intravenous]]
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| }}
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| '''Foscarnet''' is the [[conjugate base]] of the [[chemical compound]] with the [[chemical formula|formula]] HO<sub>2</sub>CPO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>. This [[phosphonic acid]] derivative is (marketed by [[AstraZeneca]] as foscarnet [[sodium]] under the trade name Foscavir®) is an [[antiviral]] [[medication]] used to treat [[herpes viruses]], including [[cytomegalovirus]] (CMV) and [[herpes simplex]] viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). It is particularly used to treat [[CMV retinitis]].
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| ==Mechanism of action==
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| Foscarnet is a structural mimic of the anion [[pyrophosphate]] that selectively inhibits the pyrophosphate binding site on viral [[DNA polymerase]]s at [[concentration]]s that do not affect human DNA polymerases. Because foscarnet is not activated by [[thymidine kinase]], it maintains activity in some viruses which have lost thymidine kinase activity to gain resistance to [[aciclovir]] or [[ganciclovir]]. Therefore, foscarnet is often used in aciclovir- or ganciclovir-resistant disease. However, acyclovir or ganciclovir resistant mutants with alterations in viral DNA polymerase may be resistant to foscarnet.
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| ==Administration==
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| [[Intravenous]] only
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| ==Side effects==
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| *[[Renal failure]]
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| *[[hypocalcaemia|Decreased calcium levels]]
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| {{Antivirals}}
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| [[Category:Antivirals]]
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| {{antimicrobial-stub}}
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| [[de:Foscarnet]]
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| [[es:Foscarnet]]
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| [[fr:Foscarnet]]
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| [[nl:Foscarnet]]
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