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| {{drugbox
| | #REDIRECT [[L-Asparaginase]] |
| | IUPAC_name = E. coli L-asparagine amidohydrolase
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| | CAS_number = 9015-68-3
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| | ATC_prefix = L01
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| | ATC_suffix = XX02
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| | ATC_supplemental =
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| | PubChem =
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| | DrugBank = BTD00011
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| | C=1377 | H=2208 | N=382 | O=442 | S=17
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| | molecular_weight = 31731.9 g/mol
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| | bioavailability =
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| | protein_bound =
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| | metabolism =
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| | elimination_half-life = 8-30 hrs
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| | excretion =
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| | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
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| | pregnancy_US = C
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| | pregnancy_category =
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| | legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 -->
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| | legal_UK = <!-- GSL / P / POM / CD -->
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| | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only -->
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| | legal_status =
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| | routes_of_administration =
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| }}
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| {{CMG}}
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| {{Editor help}}
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| '''Asparaginase''' ({{EC number|3.5.1.1}}) is an [[enzyme]] that catalyzes the [[hydrolysis]] of [[asparagine]] to [[aspartic acid]]. It is also marketed under the brand names '''Elspar®''', Oncaspar, and Erwinase to treat [[acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] (ALL) and is also used in some [[mast cell tumor]] protocols. <ref name="pmid17554375">{{cite journal |author=Appel IM, van Kessel-Bakvis C, Stigter R, Pieters R |title=Influence of two different regimens of concomitant treatment with asparaginase and dexamethasone on hemostasis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2007 |pmid=17554375 |doi=10.1038/sj.leu.2404793}}</ref> Unlike other chemotherapy agents, it can be given as an intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous injection without fear of tissue irritation.
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| ==Mechanism of action==
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| The rationale behind asparaginase is that it takes advantage of the fact that ALL leukemic [[cell (biology)|cells]] are unable to synthesize the [[Essential amino acid|non-essential amino acid]] [[asparagine]] whereas normal cells are able to make their own asparagine. These leukemic cells depend on circulating asparagine. Asparaginase however catalyzes the conversion of L-asparagine to [[aspartic acid]] and [[ammonia]]. This deprives the leukemic cell of circulating asparagine.
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| ==Side effects==
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| The main [[Adverse effect (medicine)|side effect]] is an [[allergic reaction|allergic]] or hypersensitivity reaction. Asparaginase has also been associated with [[pancreatitis]]. Additionally, it can also be associated with a [[coagulopathy]] as it decreases protein synthesis, including synthesis of coagulation factors and anticoagulant factor, leading to [[bleeding]] or [[Blood clotting|thrombotic events]] such as stroke.
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| ==References==
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| <references/>
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| ==External links==
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| * {{MeshName|Asparaginase}}
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| [http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&S=0&C=0&A=644] THE PET PHARMACY By Wendy C. Brooks, DVM, DipABVP; Educational Director, VeterinaryPartner.com
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| [[Category:Chemotherapeutic adjuvants]]
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| [[Category:EC 3.5.1]]
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| {{pharma-stub}}
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| {{Chemotherapeutic agents}}
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| {{Carbon-nitrogen non-peptide hydrolases}}
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| {{Amino acid metabolism enzymes}}
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| [[de:Asparaginase]]
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| [[pl:Asparaginaza]]
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| [[ru:Аспарагиназа]]
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