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| | __NOTOC__ |
| | {{Burkitt's lymphoma}} |
| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' | | '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' |
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| {{Infobox_Disease | | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{UA}} {{AS}} |
| Name = Burkitt's lymphoma |
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| Image = Burkitt lymphoma, touch prep, Wright stain.jpg |
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| Caption = Burkitt lymphoma, touch prep, Wright stain |
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| DiseasesDB = 1784 |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|C|83|7|c|81}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|200.2}} |
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| ICDO = 9687/3 |
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| OMIM = 113970 |
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| MedlinePlus = |
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| MeshID = D002051 |
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| }} | |
| {{Search infobox}} | |
| {{CMG}} | |
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| {{Editor Help}} | | {{SK}}: Burkitt's tumor; Burkitt lymphoma; Burkitt's type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Malignant lymphoma, Burkitt's type |
| | ==[[Burkitt's lymphoma overview|Overview]]== |
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| ==Overview== | | ==[[Burkitt's lymphoma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| '''Burkitt's lymphoma''' (or "Burkitt's tumor", or "Malignant lymphoma, Burkitt's type") is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular, B lymphocytes). It is associated with the [[Epstein-Barr virus]], also the cause of [[mononucleosis]] as well as other cancers. It is named after [[Denis Parsons Burkitt]], a [[surgery|surgeon]] who first described the disease in 1956 while working in equatorial Africa.
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| Children affected with the disease often also had chronic [[malaria]] which is believed to have reduced resistance to the Epstein-Barr virus and allowed it to take hold. This is known as classical African or endemic Burkitt's lymphoma. Disease characteristics include large tumors in the facial or abdominal regions.
| | ==[[Burkitt's lymphoma classification|Classification]]== |
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| The sporadic type of Burkitt's lymphoma (also known as "non-African") is another form of [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] found outside of Africa in which cancer cells have a similar appearance to the cancer cells of classical African or endemic Burkitt's lymphoma. Again it is believed that impaired immunity provides an opening for development of the Epstein-Barr virus. Examination of chromosomes from these tumor cells often shows translocation of the [[myc]] and [[Immunoglobulin|Ig]] genes (t: 8;14).
| | ==[[Burkitt's lymphoma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| ==Microscopy== | | ==[[Burkitt's lymphoma causes|Causes]]== |
| Consists of undifferentiated, small, noncleaved cells in broad sheets of tumor cells.
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| Burkitt's lymphoma demonstrates starry sky appearance due to the macrophage ingestion of tumor cells. | |
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| ==Malignant B cell characteristics== | | ==[[Burkitt's lymphoma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Burkitt's lymphoma from other Diseases]]== |
| Malignant B cells have identical DNA recombinations of the V(D)J region of the Immunoglobin genes. This means that no increase in specificity of Antibody molecules is occurring in the malignant cells. These malignant cells are thus clonal populations and can be assayed for by using DNA probes specific for the regions where recombination is expected. Normal DNA will be characterized by two high concentration of identical germ line DNA V(D)J regions and endless, likely undetectable, non-germline Ig V(D)J DNA. Lymphoma cells have an additional high concentration of V(D)J DNA that is unlike the germline, indicating clonal populations of B Cells that are not undifferentiated B Cells (Germline DNA cells). Assays typically use the process of Electrophoresis and southern blot analysis to determine the existence of these characteristics.
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| ==Classification== | | ==[[Burkitt's lymphoma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| Currently Burkitt's lymphoma can be divided into three main clinical variants: the endemic, the sporadic and the immunodeficiency-associated variants.
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| * The endemic variant occurs in equatorial Africa. It is the most common malignancy of children in this area. Children affected with the disease often also had chronic [[malaria]] which is believed to have reduced resistance to the Epstein-Barr virus and allowed it to take hold. Disease characteristically involves the jaw or other facial bone, distal ileum, cecum, ovaries, kidney or the breast.
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| * The sporadic type of Burkitt lymphoma (also known as "non-African") is another form of [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] found outside of Africa. The tumor cells have a similar appearance to the cancer cells of classical African or endemic Burkitt lymphoma. Again it is believed that impaired immunity provides an opening for development of the [[Epstein-Barr virus]]. Non-Hodgkins, which includes Burkitt's, accounts for 30-50% of childhood lymphoma. Jaw is less commonly involved, comparing with the endemic variant. Ileo-cecal region is the common site of involvement.
| | ==[[Burkitt's lymphoma risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
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| * Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma is usually associated with [[HIV]] infection or occurs in the setting of post-transplant patients who are taking immunosuppressive drugs. Actually, Burkitt lymphoma can be the initial manifestation of [[AIDS]].
| | ==[[Burkitt's lymphoma screening|Screening]]== |
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| By morphology (i.e. microscopic appearance) or [[immunophenotype]], it is almost impossible to differentiate these three clinical variants. Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma may demonstrate more plasmacytic appearance or more pleomorphism, but these features are not specific.
| | ==[[Burkitt's lymphoma natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| | == Diagnosis == |
| | [[Burkitt's lymphoma staging | Staging]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma laboratory tests | Laboratory Findings]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma x ray findings|X Ray Findings]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma CT|CT]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma MRI|MRI]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma biopsy|Biopsy]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma other imaging studies|Other Imaging Studies]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| Effect of the chemotherapy, as with all cancers, depends on the time of diagnosis. With faster growing cancers, such as this one, the cancer actually responds faster than with slower growing cancers.
| | [[Burkitt's lymphoma medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma surgery| Surgery]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Burkitt's lymphoma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| [[Chemotherapy]]
| | ==Case Studies== |
| * [[cyclophosphamide]]
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| * [[doxorubicin]]
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| * [[vincristine]]
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| * [[methotrexate]]
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| * [[cytarabine]]
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| * [[ifosfamide]]
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| * [[etoposide]]
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| Other treatments are immunotherapy, bone marrow transplants, surgery to remove the tumor, and radiotherapy.
| | [[Burkitt's lymphoma case study one|Case #1]] |
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| ==Pathological Findings==
| | ''' |
| [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology]
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| <div align="left">
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| <gallery heights="175" widths="175">
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| Image:Burkitt lymphoma bilateral eye involvement.jpg|Burkitt lymphoma: bilateral eye involvement
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| </gallery>
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| </div>
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| {{Chromosomal abnormalities}} | | {{Chromosomal abnormalities}} |
| {{Hematological malignancy histology}} | | {{Hematological malignancy histology}} |
| {{SIB}}
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| [[de:Burkitt-Lymphom]]
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| [[es:Linfoma de Burkitt]]
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| [[it:Linfoma di Burkitt]]
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| [[pl:Chłoniak Burkitta]]
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| [[pt:Linfoma de Burkitt]]
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| [[ru:Лимфома Беркитта]]
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| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
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| [[Category:Oncology]] | | [[Category:Oncology]] |
| [[Category:Mature chapter]] | | [[Category:Mature chapter]] |
| | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| | [[Category:Oncology]] |
| | [[Category:Medicine]] |
| | [[Category:Hematology]] |
| | [[Category:Immunology]] |