Ovarian cancer history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Historically ovarian cancer was called the “silent killer” because symptoms were not thought to develop until the chance of cure was poor. However, recent studies have shown this term is untrue and that some symptoms are much more likely to occur in women with ovarian cancer than women in the general population.
Historically [[ovarian cancer]] was called the “silent killer” because [[symptoms]] were not thought to develop until the chance of cure was poor. However, recent studies have shown this term is untrue and that some [[symptoms]] are much more likely to occur in women with [[ovarian cancer]] than women in the general [[population]].
==History and Symptoms==
*The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
OR
*The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
*Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. 
===History===
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
*[History finding 1]
*[History finding 2]
*[History finding 3]
===Common Symptoms===
Common symptoms of [disease] include:
*[Symptom 1]
*[Symptom 2]
*[Symptom 3]


===Less Common Symptoms===
Less common symptoms of [disease name] include
*[Symptom 1]
*[Symptom 2]
*[Symptom 3]
==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==
===Studies on the accuracy of symptoms===
Two [[case-control]] studies, both subject to results being inflated by [[spectrum bias]], have been reported. The first found that women with ovarian cancer had symptoms of increased abdominal size, bloating, urge to pass urine and pelvic pain.<ref name="pmid15187051">{{cite journal |author=Goff BA, Mandel LS, Melancon CH, Muntz HG |title=Frequency of symptoms of ovarian cancer in women presenting to primary care clinics |journal=JAMA |volume=291 |issue=22 |pages=2705-12 |year=2004 |pmid=15187051 |doi=10.1001/jama.291.22.2705}}</ref> The smaller, second study found that women with ovarian cancer had pelvic/abdominal pain, increased abdominal size/bloating, and difficulty eating/feeling full.<ref name="pmid17154394">{{cite journal |author=Goff BA, Mandel LS, Drescher CW, ''et al'' |title=Development of an ovarian cancer symptom index: possibilities for earlier detection |journal=Cancer |volume=109 |issue=2 |pages=221-7 |year=2007 |pmid=17154394 |doi=10.1002/cncr.22371}}</ref> The latter study created a symptom index that was considered positive if any of the 6 symptoms "occurred >12 times per month but were present for <1 year".They reported a [[sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] of 57% for early-stage disease and [[specificity (tests)|specificity]] 87% to 90%.


===''Ovarian Cancer Symptoms Consensus Statement''===
*[[Ovarian cancer]] can be diagnosed based on the clinical presentation, [[Staging (pathology)|stage]] of the disease, the condition of the patient, and the presence of [[Peritoneal carcinomatosis|peritoneal carcinoma]] <ref name="pmid16087828">{{cite journal| author=White RH, Chew HK, Zhou H, Parikh-Patel A, Harris D, Harvey D et al.| title=Incidence of venous thromboembolism in the year before the diagnosis of cancer in 528,693 adults. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2005 | volume= 165 | issue= 15 | pages= 1782-7 | pmid=16087828 | doi=10.1001/archinte.165.15.1782 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16087828  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11117976">{{cite journal| author=Sørensen HT, Mellemkjaer L, Olsen JH, Baron JA| title=Prognosis of cancers associated with venous thromboembolism. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2000 | volume= 343 | issue= 25 | pages= 1846-50 | pmid=11117976 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200012213432504 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11117976  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9611053">{{cite journal| author=Friedrich M, Villena-Heinsen C, Schweizer J, Holländer M, Stieber M, Schmidt W| title=Primary tubal carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of four cases with a literature review. | journal=Eur J Gynaecol Oncol | year= 1998 | volume= 19 | issue= 2 | pages= 138-43 | pmid=9611053 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9611053  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22217630">{{cite journal| author=Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C| title=Identifying women with suspected ovarian cancer in primary care: derivation and validation of algorithm. | journal=BMJ | year= 2011 | volume= 344 | issue=  | pages= d8009 | pmid=22217630 | doi=10.1136/bmj.d8009 | pmc=3251328 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22217630  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19706933">{{cite journal| author=Hamilton W, Peters TJ, Bankhead C, Sharp D| title=Risk of ovarian cancer in women with symptoms in primary care: population based case-control study. | journal=BMJ | year= 2009 | volume= 339 | issue=  | pages= b2998 | pmid=19706933 | doi=10.1136/bmj.b2998 | pmc=2731836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19706933  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14447118">{{cite journal| author=SINHA AC| title=Hydrops tubae profluens as a presenting symptom in primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: report of two cases and review of literature. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1959 | volume= 2 | issue= 5158 | pages= 996-1001 | pmid=14447118 | doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5158.996 | pmc=1990718 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14447118  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21791297">{{cite journal| author=Ou YC, Huang HY, Huang CC, Changchien CC, Tseng CW, Lin H| title=Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: clinicopathological analysis of 12 cases. | journal=Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol | year= 2011 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 141-4 | pmid=21791297 | doi=10.1016/j.tjog.2011.01.031 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21791297  }} </ref>
In 2007, the Gynecologic Cancer Foundation, Society of Gynecologic Oncologists and American Cancer Society originated the following consensus statement regarding the symptoms of ovarian cancer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sgo.org/publications/OvarianCancerSymptoms.pdf |title=Ovarian Cancer Symptoms Consensus Statement |accessdate=2007-07-19 |format=pdf |work=}}</ref>
*If [[symptoms]] suggestive of [[epithelial ovarian cancer]], pelvic exam and [[pelvic]] [[imaging]] should be done to look for [[Adnexal|adnexal mass]]
 
*Because [[ovarian cancer]] is diagnosed [[histologically]], [[surgical]] [[exploration]] is the main approach for the definitive [[diagnosis]] of [[ovarian cancer]]
Historically ovarian cancer was called the “silent killer” because symptoms were not thought to develop until the chance of cure was poor. However, recent studies have shown this term is untrue and that the following symptoms are much more likely to occur in women with ovarian cancer than women in the general population. These symptoms include:
*[[Symptoms]] can vary based on the advancement of the disease:
*Bloating
*Women with advanced disease presents with acute [[symptoms]] such as:
*Pelvic or abdominal pain
**[[Shortness of breath]]: due to [[malignant]] [[pleural effusion]]
*Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
**[[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]: due to [[bowel obstruction]]
*Urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency)
**[[Symptoms]] of [[venous thromboembolism]] ([[VTE]]) depending on the site of the [[thrombus]] and its extent such as:  
   
*** Severe [[pain]] and [[swelling]] in the [[lower limb]]
Women with ovarian cancer report that symptoms are persistent and represent a change from normal for their bodies. The frequency and/or number of such symptoms are key factors in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Several studies show that even early stage ovarian cancer can produce these symptoms.
***[[Shortness of breath]] with [[pulmonary emboli]]
Women who have these symptoms almost daily for more than a few weeks should see their doctor, preferably a gynecologist. Prompt medical evaluation may lead to detection at the earliest possible stage of the disease. Early stage diagnosis is associated with an improved prognosis.
*Women with early, late or advanced disease presents with [[subacute]] [[symptoms]] such as:
 
**[[Gastrointestinal]] [[symptoms]]: due to [[ascites]], [[metastasis]], [[bowel obstruction]] or [[distention]] of the ovarian tube
Several other symptoms have been commonly reported by women with ovarian cancer.
***[[Abdominal pain]]
These symptoms include fatigue, indigestion, back pain, pain with intercourse, constipation and menstrual irregularities. However, these other symptoms are not as useful in identifying ovarian cancer because they are also found in equal frequency in women in the general population who do not have ovarian cancer.
***[[Bloating|Abdominal bloating]]
***[[Abdominal distention]]
***[[Constipation]]
***[[Early satiety]]
***[[Nausea and vomiting]]
**[[Urinary symptoms]]:
*** Increase [[frequency]]
*** Increase [[urgency]]
**[[Symptoms]] related to [[adnexal]] mass
***[[Pelvic pain]]
*** Pelvic pressure
*** Palpable [[abdominal]] or [[pelvic]] mass
** Constitutional [[symptoms]]:
***[[Fatigue]]
***[[Weight loss]]
** Other [[symptoms]]
*** Abnormal [[vaginal bleeding]]
***[[Rectal bleeding]]
***[[Painful intercourse]]


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 18:39, 12 September 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Huda A. Karman, M.D.

Overview

Historically ovarian cancer was called the “silent killer” because symptoms were not thought to develop until the chance of cure was poor. However, recent studies have shown this term is untrue and that some symptoms are much more likely to occur in women with ovarian cancer than women in the general population.

History and Symptoms

  • The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

  • The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
  • Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. 

History

Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:

  • [History finding 1]
  • [History finding 2]
  • [History finding 3]

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of [disease] include:

  • [Symptom 1]
  • [Symptom 2]
  • [Symptom 3]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of [disease name] include

  • [Symptom 1]
  • [Symptom 2]
  • [Symptom 3]

Symptoms

References

  1. ↑ White RH, Chew HK, Zhou H, Parikh-Patel A, Harris D, Harvey D; et al. (2005). "Incidence of venous thromboembolism in the year before the diagnosis of cancer in 528,693 adults". Arch Intern Med. 165 (15): 1782–7. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.15.1782. PMID 16087828.
  2. ↑ Sørensen HT, Mellemkjaer L, Olsen JH, Baron JA (2000). "Prognosis of cancers associated with venous thromboembolism". N Engl J Med. 343 (25): 1846–50. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012213432504. PMID 11117976.
  3. ↑ Friedrich M, Villena-Heinsen C, Schweizer J, Holländer M, Stieber M, Schmidt W (1998). "Primary tubal carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of four cases with a literature review". Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 19 (2): 138–43. PMID 9611053.
  4. ↑ Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C (2011). "Identifying women with suspected ovarian cancer in primary care: derivation and validation of algorithm". BMJ. 344: d8009. doi:10.1136/bmj.d8009. PMC 3251328. PMID 22217630.
  5. ↑ Hamilton W, Peters TJ, Bankhead C, Sharp D (2009). "Risk of ovarian cancer in women with symptoms in primary care: population based case-control study". BMJ. 339: b2998. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2998. PMC 2731836. PMID 19706933.
  6. ↑ SINHA AC (1959). "Hydrops tubae profluens as a presenting symptom in primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: report of two cases and review of literature". Br Med J. 2 (5158): 996–1001. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5158.996. PMC 1990718. PMID 14447118.
  7. ↑ Ou YC, Huang HY, Huang CC, Changchien CC, Tseng CW, Lin H (2011). "Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: clinicopathological analysis of 12 cases". Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 50 (2): 141–4. doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2011.01.031. PMID 21791297.


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