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| | __NOTOC__ |
| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''. | | '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''. |
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| {{Infobox_Disease |
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| Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
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| Image = |
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| Caption = |
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| DiseasesDB = 29450 |
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| ICD10 = C71 |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|191.9}} |
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| ICDO = 9450/3-9451/3 |
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| OMIM = |
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| MedlinePlus = |
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| MeshID = D009837 |
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| }}
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| {{Oligodendroglioma}} | | {{Oligodendroglioma}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}}{{AE}} {{S.M.}}, {{MJM}}, {{SR}} |
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| {{EH}} | | {{SK}} Oligodendroglial tumor; oligodendroglial neoplasm; neoplasm of the oligodendroglia; oligodendroglial cancer; cancer of the oligodendroglia; oligodendroma; OD; ODs; oligoastroglioma; oligodendroblastoma |
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| ==[[Oligodendroglioma overview|Overview]]== | | ==[[Oligodendroglioma overview|Overview]]== |
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| ==[[Oligodendroglioma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== | | ==[[Oligodendroglioma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| | ==[[Oligodendroglioma classification|Classification]]== |
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| ==[[Oligodendroglioma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== | | ==[[Oligodendroglioma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| | ==[[Oligodendroglioma causes|Causes]]== |
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| | ==[[Oligodendroglioma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Oligodendroglioma from other Diseases]]== |
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| ==[[Oligodendroglioma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]== | | ==[[Oligodendroglioma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]== |
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| ==[[Oligodendroglioma screening|Screening]]== | | ==[[Oligodendroglioma screening|Screening]]== |
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| ==[[Oligodendroglioma causes|Causes]]==
| | ==[[Oligodendroglioma natural history, complications, and prognosis|Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis]]== |
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| ==[[Oligodendroglioma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Oligodendroglioma]]==
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| ==[[Oligodendroglioma natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]== | |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| [[Oligodendroglioma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Oligodendroglioma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Oligodendroglioma staging|Staging]] | [[Oligodendroglioma laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Oligodendroglioma electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Oligodendroglioma x ray|X Rays]] | [[Oligodendroglioma CT|CT]] | [[Oligodendroglioma MRI|MRI]] [[Oligodendroglioma echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Oligodendroglioma other imaging findings|Other images]] | [[Oligodendroglioma other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]] | | [[Oligodendroglioma staging|Staging]] | [[Oligodendroglioma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Oligodendroglioma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Oligodendroglioma laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Oligodendroglioma chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Oligodendroglioma CT|CT]] | [[Oligodendroglioma MRI|MRI]] | [[Oligodendroglioma ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Oligodendroglioma other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Oligodendroglioma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| [[Oligodendroglioma medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Oligodendroglioma surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Oligodendroglioma primary prevention|Primary prevention]] | [[Oligodendroglioma secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Oligodendroglioma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Oligodendroglioma future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]] | | [[Oligodendroglioma medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Oligodendroglioma surgery|Surgery]] | [[Oligodendroglioma primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Oligodendroglioma secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Oligodendroglioma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effeciveness of Therapy]] | [[Oligodendroglioma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| ==Molecular genetics== | | ==Case Studies== |
| By far, the most common structural deformity found is co-deletion of chromosomal arms 1p and 19q. The high frequency of co-deletion (60-80%) is a striking feature of this glial tumour, and is considered as a "genetic signature" of oligodendroglioma. 1p/19q deletion has been correlated with both chemosensitivity and improved prognosis in oligodendrogliomas.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Laigle-Donadey F, Benouaich-Amiel A, Hoang-Xuan K, Sanson M |title=[Molecular biology of oligodendroglial tumors] |language=French |journal=Neuro-Chirurgie |volume=51 |issue=3-4 Pt 2 |pages=260-8 |year=2005 |pmid=16292170 |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Walker C, Haylock B, Husband D, ''et al'' |title=Clinical use of genotype to predict chemosensitivity in oligodendroglial tumors |journal=Neurology |volume=66 |issue=11 |pages=1661-7 |year=2006 |pmid=16769937 |doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000218270.12495.9a}}</ref>
| | [[Oligodendroglioma case study one|Case #1]] |
| A t(1;19)(q10;p10) translocation mediates the combined deletions of 1p and 19q. The gene products lost as a consequence of this codeletion may include mediators of resistance to genotoxic therapies. Alternatively, 1p/19q loss might be an early oncogenic lesion promoting the formation of glial neoplasms, which retain high sensitivity to genotoxic stress.
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| ==Prognosis & treatment==
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| Oligodendrogliomas are generally felt to be incurable using current treatments. However compared to the more common [[astrocytomas]], they are slowly growing with prolonged survival. In one series, [[median]] survival times for oligodendrogliomas were 11.6 years for grade II and 3.5 years for grade III.<ref> Ohgaki H, Kleihues P. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=15977639&query_hl=10&itool=pubmed_docsum Population-based studies on incidence, survival rates, and genetic alterations in astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas.] ''J Neuropathol Exp Neurol''. 2005 Jun;64(6):479-89. PMID: 15977639</ref> Because of the indolent nature of these tumors and the potential [[morbidity]] associated with [[neurosurgery]], [[chemotherapy]] and [[radiation therapy]], most [[oncology|neurooncologists]] will initially pursue a course of [[watchful waiting]] and treat patients symptomatically. Symptomatic treatment often includes the use of [[anticonvulsants]] for seizures and [[Glucocorticoid|steroids]] for [[oedema|brain swelling]]. PCV chemotherapy ([[Procarbazine]], [[Lomustine|CCNU]] and [[Vincristine]]) has been shown to be effective and is currently the most commonly used chemotherapy regimen used for treating anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.<ref>Herbert H. Engelhard, M.D., Ph.D., Ana Stelea, M.D., and Arno Mundt, M.D.[http://www.virtualtrials.com/pdf/oligo.pdf] p.452</ref> [[Temozolomide]] is a common chemotheraputic drug to which oligodendrogliomas appear to be quite sensitive. It is often used as a first line therapy.
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| Because of their diffusely infiltrating nature, oligodendrogliomas cannot be completely resected and are not curable by [[surgery|surgical excision]]. If the tumor mass compresses adjacent brain structures, a [[neurosurgery|neurosurgeon]] will typically remove as much of the tumor as he or she can without damaging other critical, healthy brain structures. Surgery may be followed up by [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation]], or a mix of both. Oligodendrogliomas, like all other infiltrating [[gliomas]], have a very high (almost uniform) rate of recurrence and gradually increase in grade over time. Recurrent tumors are generally treated with more aggressive chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Recently, [[stereotactic surgery]] has proven successful in treating small tumors that have been diagnosed early.
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| Long-term survival is reported in a minority of patients.<ref>Tatter SB. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=12392640&query_hl=7&itool=pubmed_DocSum Recurrent malignant glioma in adults.] ''Curr Treat Options Oncol''. 2002 Dec;'''3'''(6):509-24. PMID: 12392640,</ref> With aggressive treatment and close monitoring, it is possible to outlive the typical life expectancies for both low grade and high grade oligodendrogliomas. In rare cases, patients have survived for up to fifteen years post-diagnosis. Westergaard’s
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| study (1997) showed that patients younger than 20 years had a median survival of 17.5 years.<ref>Herbert H. Engelhard, M.D., Ph.D., Ana Stelea, M.D., and Arno Mundt, M.D.[http://www.virtualtrials.com/pdf/oligo.pdf] p.449</ref> Another study shows a 34% survival rate after 20 years. <ref> {{cite journal |author=Feigenberg SJ, Amdur RJ, Morris CG, Mendenhall WM, Marcus RB, Friedman WA |title=Oligodendroglioma: does deferring treatment compromise outcome? |journal=Am. J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=e60-6 |year=2003 |pmid=12796617 |doi=10.1097/01.COC.0000072507.25834.D6}}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| {{Nervous tissue tumors}} | | {{Nervous tissue tumors}} |
| {{SIB}}
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| [[de:Oligodendrogliom]]
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