Bladder cancer: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 02:29, 6 November 2017

For patient information click here

Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Carcinoma of bladder, cancer of bladder，carcinoma of the bladder, cancer of the bladder, malignant neoplasm of bladder, bladder neoplasm, bladder tumor, bladder tumour, malignant tumor of bladder, malignant tumour of bladder, carcinoma of urinary bladder, cancer of urinary bladder，carcinoma of the urinary bladder, cancer of the urinary bladder, malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder, urinary bladder neoplasm, urinary bladder tumor, urinary bladder tumour, malignant tumor of urinary bladder, malignant tumour of urinary bladder

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Infobox_Disease
+__NOTOC__
- | Name           = Bladder cancer
+'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
- | Image          =
- | Caption        =
- | DiseasesDB     = 1427
- | ICD10          = {{ICD10|C|67||c|64}}, {{ICD10|C|67|9|c|64}}
- | ICD9           = {{ICD9|188}}, {{ICD9|188.9}}
- | ICDO           =
- | OMIM           = 109800
- | MedlinePlus    =
- | MedlinePlus_mult=
-}}
 {{Bladder cancer}}
-'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
+{{SCC}}; {{AE}} {{SC}}
-{{SCC}}
-==Overview==
+{{SK}} Carcinoma of bladder, cancer of bladder，carcinoma of the bladder, cancer of the bladder, malignant neoplasm of bladder, bladder neoplasm, bladder tumor, bladder tumour, malignant tumor of bladder, malignant tumour of bladder, carcinoma of urinary bladder, cancer of urinary bladder，carcinoma of the urinary bladder, cancer of the urinary bladder, malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder, urinary bladder neoplasm, urinary bladder tumor, urinary bladder tumour, malignant tumor of urinary bladder, malignant tumour of urinary bladder
-==Signs and symptoms==
+==[[Bladder cancer overview|Overview]]==
-==Causes==
+==[[Bladder cancer historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-===Risk factors===
-Exposure to environmental carcinogens of various types is responsible for the development of most bladder cancers. Tobacco use (specifically cigarette smoking) is thought to cause 50% of bladder cancers discovered in male patients and 30% of those found in female patients. Thirty percent of bladder tumors probably result from occupational exposure in the workplace to carcinogens such as [[benzidine]]. Occupations at risk are metal industry workers, rubber industry workers, workers in the textile industry and people who work in printing. Some studies also suggest that auto mechanics have an elevated risk of bladder cancer due to their frequent exposure to hydrocarbons and petroleum-based chemicals.<ref>[http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/81/19/1480 Occupational Risks of Bladder Cancer in the United States: II. Nonwhite Men - Silverman et al. 81 (19): 1480 - JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
+==[[Bladder cancer classification|Classification]]==
-Hairdressers are thought to be at risk as well because of their frequent exposure to permanent hair dyes. It has been proposed that hair dyes are a risk factor, and some have shown an odds ratio of 2.1 to 3.3 for risk of developing bladder cancer among women who use permanent hair dyes, while others have shown no correlation between the use of hair dyes and bladder cancer. Certain drugs such as [[cyclophosphamide]] and [[phenacetin]] are known to predispose to bladder TCC.  Chronic bladder irritation (infection, bladder stones, catheters, [[bilharzia]]) predisposes to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Approximately 20% of bladder cancers occur in patients without predisposing risk factors. Bladder cancer is not currently believed to be heritable (i.e., does not "run in families" as a consequence of a specific genetic abnormality).
+==[[Bladder cancer pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-[This statement contradicts contents in the section that follows]
-==Diagnosis==
+==[[Bladder cancer causes|Causes]]==
+==[[Bladder cancer differential diagnosis|Differentiating Bladder cancer from other Diseases]]==
-==Treatment==
+==[[Bladder cancer epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-The treatment of bladder cancer depends on how deep the tumor invades into the bladder wall. Superficial tumors (those not entering the muscle layer) can be "shaved off" using an electrocautery device attached to a [[cystoscope]]. [[Immunotherapy]] in the form of [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin|BCG]] instillation is also used to treat and prevent the recurrence of superficial tumors.<ref>{{cite journal | volume=353 | pages=1689&ndash;94 | year=1999 | issue=9165 |
-title=BCG immunotherapy of bladder cancer: 20 years on. | url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673698074224}}</ref>
-BCG immunotherapy is effective in up to 2/3 of the cases at this stage. Instillations of [[chemotherapy]] into the bladder can also be used to treat superficial disease.
-Untreated, superficial tumors may gradually begin to infiltrate the muscular wall of the bladder.  Tumors that infiltrate the bladder require more radical surgery where part or all of the bladder is removed (a [[cystectomy]]) and the urinary stream is diverted.  In some cases, skilled surgeons can create a substitute bladder (a neobladder) from a segment of intestinal tissue, but this largely depends upon patient preference, age of patient, [[renal function]], and the site of the disease.
+==[[Bladder cancer risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-A combination of [[radiation]] and [[chemotherapy]] can also be used to treat invasive disease.  It has not yet been determined how the effectiveness of this form of treatment compares to that of radical ablative surgery.
+==[[Bladder cancer screening|Screening]]==
-There is weak observational evidence from one very small study (84) to suggest that the concurrent use of [[statin]]s is associated with failure of BCG immunotherapy.<ref>{{cite journal | volume=355 | pages=2705&ndash;7 | year=2006 | issue=25 |
+==[[Bladder cancer natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
-title=Use of statins and outcome of BCG treatment for bladder cancer | url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/355/25/2705 }}</ref>
-==References==
+== Diagnosis ==
-{{reflist|2}}
+[[Bladder cancer staging | Staging]] | [[Bladder cancer history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Bladder cancer physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Bladder cancer laboratory tests | Laboratory Findings]] | [[Bladder cancer X Ray|X Ray]] | [[Bladder cancer CT|CT]] | [[Bladder cancer MRI|MRI]] | [[Bladder cancer ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Bladder cancer other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Bladder cancer other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] | [[Bladder cancer biopsy|Biopsy]]
-==External links==
+==Treatment==
-* [http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/bladder Cancer.gov: bladder cancer]
+[[Bladder cancer medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Bladder cancer surgery|Surgery]] | [[Bladder cancer primary prevention|Primary prevention]]  | [[Bladder cancer secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Bladder cancer cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Bladder cancer future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bladdercancer.html Medlineplus: Bladder Cancer]
-* [http://ccrod.cancer.gov/confluence/display/~rohitp/Ro.Blog Retired Cancer Researchers Blog]
-{{Tumors}}
+==Case Studies==
-{{SIB}}
+[[Bladder cancer case study one|Case #1]]
-[[bs:Rak mokraćnog mjehura]]
-[[da:Blærecancer]]
-[[de:Blasenkrebs]]
-[[es:Cáncer de vejiga]]
-[[fr:Cancer de la vessie]]
-[[hr:Rak mokraćnog mjehura]]
-[[ja:膀胱癌]]
-[[no:Urinveiskreft]]
-[[pl:Rak pęcherza moczowego]]
-[[pt:Câncer de bexiga]]
-[[ru:Рак мочевого пузыря]]
-[[fi:Virtsarakon syöpä]]
-[[sv:Urinvägscancer]]
-[[zh:膀胱癌]]
 {{WH}}
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 [[Category:Types of cancer]]
 [[Category:Urology]]
-[[Category:Mature chapter]]
+ [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Oncology]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
+[[Category:Nephrology]]
+[[Category:Surgery]]

Bladder cancer: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 02:29, 6 November 2017

Diagnosis

Treatment

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