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| '''For patient information click [[Paraganglioma (patient information)|here]]'''
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| {{Paraganglioma}} | | {{Paraganglioma}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| A '''paraganglioma''' is a rare [[neoplasm]] that can be found in the abdomen, thorax, and in the head and neck region. They are usually considered [[benign]] and complete surgical removal results in cure. However, in about 3% of cases they are [[malignant]] and have the ability to [[metastasis|metastasize]]. Paragangliomas are still sometimes called '''glomus tumors''' (not to be confused with [[glomus tumor]]s of the skin) and '''chemodectomas''', but paraganglioma is the currently accepted and preferred term.
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| Paragangliomas arise from the [[glomus cell]]s, which are special [[chemoreceptor]]s located along blood vessels that have a role in regulating blood pressure and blood flow. The main concentration of glomus cells are found are in the [[carotid body]], located in the upper neck at the branching of the [[carotid artery|common carotid artery]], and the [[aortic body|aortic bodies]], located near the [[aorta|aortic arch]]. The glomus cells are a part of the paraganglion system composed of the extra-adrenal [[paraganglia]] of the [[autonomic nervous system]], derived from the embryonic [[neural crest]]. Thus, paragangliomas are a type of [[neuroendocrine tumor]], and are closely related to [[pheochromocytoma]]s. Although all paragangliomas contain neurosecretory granules, only about 1-3% have clinical evidence of oversecretion.
| | ==Historical Perspective== |
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| | ==Classification== |
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| | ==Pathophysiology== |
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| Paragangliomas are found predominantly in the abdomen (85%) and the thorax (12%), and only 3% are found in the head and neck region. Most occur as single tumors. When they occur in multiple sites they are usually found as a part of a heritable syndrome such as [[multiple endocrine neoplasia]] types II-A and II-B and [[SDH]]-related mutations.
| | ==Causes== |
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| According to the [[World Health Organization]] classification of neuroendocrine tumors, paragangliomas are classified as having a neural cell line of origin. In the categorization proposed by Wick, the paragangliomas belong to Group II.
| | ==Differentiating Xyz from Other Diseases== |
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| | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== |
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| | ==Risk Factors== |
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| | ==Screening== |
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| | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== |
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| | ==Diagnosis== |
| | ===Diagnostic Study of Choice=== |
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| | ===History and Symptoms=== |
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| | ===Physical Examination=== |
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| | ===Laboratory Findings=== |
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| | ===Electrocardiogram=== |
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| | ===X-ray=== |
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| | ===Echocardiography and Ultrasound=== |
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| | ===CT scan=== |
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| | ===MRI=== |
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| | ===Other Imaging Findings=== |
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| | ===Other Diagnostic Studies=== |
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| | ==Treatment== |
| | ===Medical Therapy=== |
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| | === Interventions === |
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| | ===Surgery=== |
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| | ===Primary Prevention=== |
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| | ===Secondary Prevention=== |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{reflist|2}} |
| {{Epithelial neoplasms}}
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| [[de:Paragangliom]]
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| [[nl:Paraganglioom]]
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| [[sk:Paraganglióm]]
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| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
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| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
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| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Types of cancer]]
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| [[Category:Oncology]] | | [[Category:Oncology]] |
| [[Category:Mature chapter]] | | [[Category:Medicine]] |
| | [[Category:Neurology]] |
| | [[Category:Endocrinology]] |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Xyz from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Interventions
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
References