Babesiosis: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
  Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
  Image          = Babiesa spp.jpg |
  Caption        = |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|B|60|0|b|50}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|088.82}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  DiseasesDB    = 1200 |
  MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
  MeshID        = D001404 |
}}
{{Babesiosis}}
{{Babesiosis}}
{{CMG}}
{{About1|Babesia microti}}
{{SK}} Babesia microti, Texas cattle fever, Redwater, or Piroplasmosis
 
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{IMD}}


==[[Babesiosis overview|Overview]]==
==[[Babesiosis overview|Overview]]==


==[[Babesiosis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Babesiosis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


==[[Babesiosis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Babesiosis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==[[Babesiosis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==


==[[Babesiosis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Babesiosis causes|Causes]]==
 


==[[Babesiosis screening|Screening]]==
==[[Babesiosis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Babesiosis from other Diseases]]==


==[[Babesiosis causes|Causes]]==
==[[Babesiosis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==[[Babesiosis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Babesiosis]]==


==[[Babesiosis natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]==
==[[Babesiosis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==Diagnosis==
[[Babesiosis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Babesiosis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Babesiosis laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Babesiosis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]]  | [[Babesiosis x ray|X Rays]] | [[Babesiosis CT|CT]] | [[Babesiosis MRI|MRI]] [[Babesiosis echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Babesiosis other imaging findings|Other images]] | [[Babesiosis other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]]


==Treatment==
==[[Babesiosis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
[[Babesiosis medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Babesiosis surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Babesiosis primary prevention|Primary prevention]]  | [[Babesiosis secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Babesiosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Babesiosis future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]


==Pathophysiology==
''Babesia'' parasites reproduce in [[red blood cell]]s, where they can be seen as cross-shaped inclusions (4 [[merozoite]]s asexually budding but attached together forming a structure looking like a "Maltese Cross") and cause [[hemolytic anemia]], quite similar to [[malaria]].


Note that unlike the ''[[Plasmodium]]'' parasites that cause malaria, ''Babesia'' species lack an exo-erythrotic phase, so the liver is usually not affected.


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Babesiosis is easy to diagnose but only if it is suspected.  It will not show up on any routine tests.  It must be suspected when a persons with exposure in an endemic area develops persistent fevers and hemolytic anemia.  Babesiosis can be diagnosed by direct examination of the blood (see photo), with [[serology]], or with [[PCR]]-based tests.  Other laboratory findings include decreased numbers of [[red blood cells]] and [[platelets]] on [[complete blood count]].
[[Babesiosis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Babesiosis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Babesiosis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Most cases of babesiosis resolve without any specific treatment.  For ill patients, treatment is usually a two-drug regimen.  The traditional regimen of [[quinine]] and [[clindamycin]] is often poorly tolerated; recent evidence suggests that a regimen of [[atovaquone]] and [[azithromycin]] can be equally effective <ref name=Krause>{{cite journal | author = Krause P, Lepore T, Sikand V, Gadbaw J, Burke G, Telford S, Brassard P, Pearl D, Azlanzadeh J, Christianson D, McGrath D, Spielman A | title = Atovaquone and azithromycin for the treatment of babesiosis | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 343 | issue = 20 | pages = 1454-8 | year = 2000 | id = PMID 11078770}}</ref>.  In life-threatening cases, exchange transfusion is performed.  In this procedure, the infected red blood cells are removed and replaced with fresh ones. 
[[Babesiosis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Babesiosis primary prevention|Prevention]]  


==References==
 
* Herwaldt BL, Persing DH, Précigout EA, et al. A fatal case of babesiosis in Missouri: Identification of another piroplasm that infect humans. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:643-65.
==Case Studies==
* Pershing DH, Herwaldt BL, Glaser C, et al. Infection with a Babesia-like organism in northern California. N Engl J Med 1995;332:298-303.
[[Babesiosis case study one|Case #1]]
{{reflist}}


{{Protozoal diseases}}
{{Protozoal diseases}}
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[[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
[[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
[[Category:Apicomplexa]]
[[Category:Apicomplexa]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Disease]]


[[pl:Babezjoza]]
[[pl:Babezjoza]]

Latest revision as of 17:04, 18 September 2017

For patient information click here

Babesiosis Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Babesiosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

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This page is about clinical aspects of the disease.  For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Babesia microti.

Synonyms and keywords: Babesia microti, Texas cattle fever, Redwater, or Piroplasmosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Babesiosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Prevention


Case Studies

Case #1

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