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| | __NOTOC__ |
| {{featured article}} | | {{featured article}} |
| {{Infobox_Disease | | | {{Infobox_Disease | |
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| Image = Trypanosoma cruzi crithidia.jpeg | | | Image = Trypanosoma cruzi crithidia.jpeg | |
| Caption = Photomicrograph of [[Giemsa]]-stained ''Trypanosoma cruzi'' [[crithidia]] ([[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]]) | | | Caption = Photomicrograph of [[Giemsa]]-stained ''Trypanosoma cruzi'' [[crithidia]] ([[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]]) | |
| DiseasesDB = 13415 |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|57||b|50}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|086}} |
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| ICDO = |
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| OMIM = |
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| MedlinePlus = 001372 |
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| eMedicineSubj =|
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| eMedicineTopic =|
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| MeshID = D014355 |
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| }} | | }} |
| | {{Chagas disease}} |
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| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' | | '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' |
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| {{Chagas disease}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YD}}, {{Hudakarman}} {{RT}}, {{Tamar}} |
| {{CMG}} | | |
| | {{SK}} Chagas' disease; American trypanosomiasis; Trypanosoma cruzi infection |
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| ==[[Chagas disease overview|Overview]]== | | ==[[Chagas disease overview|Overview]]== |
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| ==[[Chagas disease historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== | | ==[[Chagas disease historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| | ==[[Chagas disease classification|Classification]]== |
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| ==[[Chagas disease pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== | | ==[[Chagas disease pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| ==[[Chagas disease epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==
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| ==[[Chagas disease risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
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| ==[[Chagas disease screening|Screening]]==
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| ==[[Chagas disease causes|Causes]]== | | ==[[Chagas disease causes|Causes]]== |
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| ==[[Chagas disease differential diagnosis|Differentiating Chagas disease]]== | | ==[[Chagas disease differentiating chagas disease from other diseases|Differentiating Chagas disease from other Diseases]]== |
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| ==[[Chagas disease natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]== | | ==[[Chagas disease epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==[[Chagas disease risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| [[Chagas disease history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Chagas disease physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Chagas disease staging|Staging]] | [[Chagas disease laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Chagas disease electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Chagas disease x ray|X Rays]] | [[Chagas disease CT|CT]] | [[Chagas disease MRI|MRI]] [[Chagas disease echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Chagas disease other imaging findings|Other images]] | [[Chagas disease other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]] | |
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| ==Treatment==
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| [[Chagas disease medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Chagas disease surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Chagas disease primary prevention|Primary prevention]] | [[Chagas disease secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Chagas disease cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Chagas disease future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]
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| ==Prevention==
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| [[Image:Triatoma infestans.jpg|thumb|Vector insect ''[[Triatoma infestans]]'' (Kissing Bug)]]
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| A reasonably effective [[vaccine]] was developed in Ribeirão Preto in the 1970s, using cellular and subcellular fractions of the parasite, but it was found economically unfeasible. More recently, the potential of DNA vaccines for [[immunotherapy]] of acute and chronic Chagas' disease is being tested by several research groups.
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| Prevention is centered on fighting the vector (''Triatoma'') by using sprays and paints containing [[insecticide]]s (synthetic [[pyrethrum|pyrethroids]]), and improving housing and sanitary conditions in the rural area. For urban dwellers, spending vacations and camping out in the wilderness or sleeping at hostels or mud houses in endemic areas can be dangerous, a [[mosquito net]] is recommended. If the traveller intends to travel to the area of prevalence, he/she should get information on endemic rural areas for Chagas' disease in traveller advisories, such as the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]].
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| In most countries where Chagas' disease is endemic, [[blood tests|testing]] of [[blood donation|blood donors]] is already mandatory, since this can be an important route of transmission. The United States FDA has recently licensed a test for antibodies against T. cruzi for use on blood donors but has not yet mandated its use. The AABB recommends that past recipients of blood components from donors found to be infected be notified and themselves tested.
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| In the past, donated blood was mixed with 0,25 g/L of [[gentian violet]] successfully to kill the parasites. Early detection and treatment of new cases, including mother-to-baby cases, will also help reduce the burden of disease.
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| With all these measures, some landmarks were achieved in the fight against Chagas' disease in Latin America: a reduction by 72% of the incidence of human infection in children and young adults in the countries of the Initiative of the Southern Cone, and at least two countries (Uruguay, in 1997, and Chile, in 1999), were certified free of vectorial and transfusional transmission. In Brazil, with the largest population at risk, 10 out of the 12 endemic states were also certified free.
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| Some stepstones of vector control:
| | =[[Chagas disease screening|Screening]]== |
| *A yeast trap has been tested for monitoring infestations of certain species of the bugs:"Performance of yeast-baited traps with ''Triatoma sordida'', ''Triatoma brasiliensis'', ''Triatoma pseudomaculata'', and ''Panstrongylus megistus'' in laboratory assays."<ref>Pires HH, Lazzari CR, Diotaiuti L, Lorenzo MG. "Performance of yeast-baited traps with Triatoma sordida, Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata, and Panstrongylus megistus in laboratory assays." Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2000 Jun;7(6):384-8. PMID 10949899</ref>
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| *Promising results were gained with the treatment of vector habitats with the fungus ''[[Beauveria bassiana]]'', (which is also in discussion for [[malaria]]- prevention):"Activity of oil-formulated ''Beauveria bassiana'' against ''Triatoma sordida'' in peridomestic areas in Central Brazil."<ref>Luz C, Rocha LF, Nery GV, Magalhaes BP, Tigano MS. "Activity of oil-formulated Beauveria bassiana against Triatoma sordida in peridomestic areas in Central Brazil." Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004 Mar;99(2):211-8. PMID 15250478 [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762004000200017&tlng=es&lng=en&nrm=iso Online.]</ref>
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| *Targeting the [[symbiont]]s of [[Triatominae]] through [[paratransgenesis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=PubMed&term=Triatominae%20symbiosis|title=PubMed Search on Triatominae symbiosis}}</ref>
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| ==See also== | | ==[[Chagas disease natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| *[[Tropical disease]]
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| *[[Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative]]
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| * Distinguish from: [[Chaga mushroom]]
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| ==Notes== | | ==[[Diagnosis]]== |
| <!--This article uses the Cite.php citation mechanism. If you would like more information on how to add references to this article, please see http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cite/Cite.php -->
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| ==References==
| | [[Chagas disease diagnostic criteria|Diagnostic Criteria]] | [[Chagas disease history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Chagas disease physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Chagas disease laboratory findings | Laboratory findings]] | [[Chagas disease electrocardiogram | Electrocardiogram]] | [[Chagas disease x ray|X-ray]] | [[Chagas disease electrocardiogram | Electrocardiogram]] | [[Chagas disease echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] |[[Chagas disease CT scan | CT scan]] | [[Chagas disease MRI | MRI]] | [[Chagas disease other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Chagas disease other diagnostic studies|Other diagnostic studies]] |
| * CDC, Division of Parasitic Diseases. [http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/DPD/PARASITES/chagasdisease/factsht_chagas_disease.htm Chagas Disease Fact Sheet.] (23 September 2004). Accessed 24 September 2006.
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| * {{cite journal | author=Dumonteil E, Escobedo-Ortegon J, Reyes-Rodriguez N, Arjona-Torres A, Ramirez-Sierra M | title=Immunotherapy of Trypanosoma cruzi infection with DNA vaccines in mice. | journal=Infect Immun | volume=72 | issue=1 | pages=46–53 | year=2004 | id=PMID 14688079}}
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| * CDC, Division of Parasitic Diseases.[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/chagasdisease/disease_chagas_disease.htm Chagas Disease](23 October 2007). Accessed 16 August 2007.
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| * CDC, Division of Parasitic Diseases.[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/chagasdisease/epidemiology_chagas_disease.htm Chagas Disease Epidemiology.](23 October 2007). Accessed 16 August 2007.
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| *CDC, Division of Parasitic Diseases. [http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/chagasdisease/treatment_chagas_disease.htm Treatment](23 October 2007). Accessed 16 August 2007.
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| ==Further reading== | | ==[[Treatment]]== |
| <div class="references-small">
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| * {{cite journal | author=Coutinho M | title=Ninety years of Chagas disease: a success story at the periphery. | journal=Soc Stud Sci | volume=29 | issue=4 | pages=519-49 | year=1999 | id=PMID 11623933}}
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| * {{cite journal | author=Dias J, Silveira A, Schofield C | title=The impact of Chagas disease control in Latin America: a review. | journal=Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz | volume=97 | issue=5 | pages=603-12 | year=2002 | id=PMID 12219120 | url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762002000500002&tlng=es&lng=en&nrm=iso}}
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| * {{cite journal | author=Kropf S, Azevedo N, Ferreira L | title=Biomedical research and public health in Brazil: the case of Chagas' disease (1909–50). | journal=Soc Hist Med | volume=16 | issue=1 | pages=111-29 | year=2003 | id=PMID 14598820}}
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| * {{cite journal | year = 1999 | title = International Symposium to commemorate the 90th anniversary of the discovery of Chagas disease (Rio de Janeiro, April 11–16, 1999) | journal = Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz | volume = 94 | issue = Suppl. I | url =http://www.dbbm.fiocruz.br/tropical/chagas/memmain.html}}
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| * {{cite journal | author=Moncayo A | title=Progress towards interruption of transmission of Chagas disease. | journal=Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz | volume=94 Suppl 1 | pages=401-4 | id=PMID 10677765 | url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02761999000700079&lng=en&nrm=iso}}
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| * {{cite journal | author=Prata A | title=Evolution of the clinical and epidemiological knowledge about Chagas disease 90 years after its discovery. | journal=Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz | volume=94 Suppl 1 | pages=81-8 | id=PMID 10677694 | url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02761999000700008&lng=en&nrm=iso}}
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| * {{cite journal | author=Franco-Paredes C | title=Chagas disease: an impediment in achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Latin America. | journal=BMC International Health and Human Rights | volume=7 | pages=7 | year=2007 | id=PMID 17725836 | url=http://http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/7/7/abstract}}
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| * {{cite book | editor = Kevin M. Tyler & Michael A. Miles | title = World Class Parasites. Volume 7: American Trypanosomiasis | publisher = Kluwer Academic Publishers | id = ISBN 1-4020-7323-2}} [http://www.amazon.com/dp/1402073232/ Amazon review]
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| </div>
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| ==External links==
| | [[Chagas disease medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Chagas disease surgery|Surgery]] | [[Chagas disease primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Chagas disease secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Chagas disease cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Chagas disease future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| * [http://www.vcu.edu/csbc/vpp/ VCU Virtual Parasite Project]
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| * [http://www.allaboutchagasdisease.com''All About Chagas Disease''], Chagas' disease Information & Prevention, Identification, also in Spanish.
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| * [http://chagaspace.org/eng/index.htm ''Chagaspace''], also in Spanish.
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| * [http://www.unibio.unam.mx/chagmex ChagMex: Database on-line]. UNAM-Instituto de Biología.
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| * [http://www.paho.org/english/ad/dpc/cd/chagas.htm Chagas Disease]. PanAmerican Health Organization.
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| * [http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/tmp-pmv/info/am_trypan_e.html Disease Information. American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas' Disease]. Travel Medicine Program. Health Canada.
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| * [http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/trypanosomiasisAmer.html Links to Chagas' Disease pictures (Hardin MD/Univ of Iowa)]
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| * [http://www.uta.edu/chagas Link to "The Kiss of Death"]. An anthropological view of Chagas' disease (Joseph Bastien/Univ of Texas at Arlington).
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| ===Recent news and events=== | | ==Case Studies== |
| * [http://www.pe.com/localnews/rivcounty/stories/PE_News_Local_S_blood18.3d5c374.html/ Chagas' disease parasite found in desert blood samples]
| | [[Chagas disease case study one|Case #1]] |
| * ''Chagas Control in the Southern Cone Countries: History of an International Initiative, 1991/2001'', PAHO. ([http://www.paho.org/English/AD/DPC/CD/dch-historia-incosur.htm Full text e-book])
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| * [http://cruzi.unsam.edu.ar/ Genome Sequencing Project]
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| * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4681707.stm Parasites' genetic code 'cracked'] From BBC
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| *Catholic Relief Services. [http://www.crs.org/our_work/where_we_work/overseas/latin_america_and_the_caribbean/bolivia/improvement.cfm Housing Improvement and Chagas' Disease Prevention Project]
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| *2006: [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v440/n7081/full/440153a.html Nature.com / Scott M. Landfear: ''Flagella are whip-like structures that power the movement of certain cells. Analysis of a single-cell parasite, the African trypanosome, reveals that flagella are also essential for viability in this organism.''] (restricted commercial access now)
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| *[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/search?fulltext=chagas&collection_num=MEDICINE&collections_search_keyword_go.x=0&collections_search_keyword_go.y=0 Science Magazine Search Results: ''Chagas'']
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| {{Protozoal diseases}} | | {{Protozoal diseases}} |
| {{Link FA|pl}}
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| [[ar:شاجاس]]
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| [[ca:Malaltia de Chagas]]
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| [[de:Chagas-Krankheit]]
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| [[es:Enfermedad de Chagas]]
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| [[fr:Maladie de Chagas]]
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| [[it:Malattia di Chagas]]
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| [[lt:Čagaso liga]]
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| [[ms:Penyakit Cagas]]
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| [[nl:Ziekte van Chagas]]
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| [[ja:シャーガス病]]
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| [[pt:Doença de Chagas]]
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| [[sv:Chagas sjukdom]]
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| [[pl:Choroba Chagasa]]
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| [[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
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