Streptococcus pneumoniae infection laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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{{Streptococcus pneumoniae}} | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Streptococcus pneumoniae infection}} | |||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Depending on the nature of infection, an appropriate sample is collected for laboratory identification. Pneumococci are typically gram positive, cocci, seen in pairs or chains. When cultured on [[blood agar]] plates with added [[optochin]] antibiotic disk, they show [[hemolysis (microbiology)|alpha-hemolytic]] colonies and a clear zone of inhibition around the disk meaning they're sensitive to the antibiotic. Pneumococci are also bile soluble. Just like other [[streptococci]], it's [[catalase]] negative. [[Quellung]] test to identify specific capsular polysaccharides may also be done. | |||
==Laboratory Diagnosis== | |||
[[Medical diagnosis|Diagnosis]] is generally made based on clinical suspicion along with a positive culture from a sample from virtually any place in the body. An ASO Titre of >200 units is significant.<ref name="Siemieniuk 2011">{{cite journal|last=Siemieniuk|first=Reed A.C.|coauthors= Gregson, Dan B.; Gill, M. John |title=The persisting burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV patients: an observational cohort study|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|date=Nov 2011|volume=11|doi=10.1186/1471-2334-11-314|pmid=22078162|url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2334-11-314.pdf|pages=314|pmc=3226630}}</ref> ''S. pneumoniae'' is, in general, [[optochin]] sensitive, although optochin resistance has been observed.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Optochin resistance in ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'': mechanism, significance, and clinical implications |journal=Journal of Infectious Diseases |url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/322803?cookieSet=1 |volume=184 |issue=5 |pages=582–590 |year=2001 |pmid=11474432 |doi=10.1086/322803 |author8=Pikis A, Campos JM, Rodriguez WJ, Keith JM |last1=Pikis |first1=A |last2=Campos |first2=JM |last3=Rodriguez |first3=WJ |last4=Keith |first4=JM}}</ref> | |||
[[Atromentin]] and [[leucomelone]] possess antibacterial activity, inhibiting the [[enzyme]] [[enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase]], (essential for the [[fatty acid metabolism#Synthesis|biosynthesis]] of [[fatty acid]]s) in ''S. pneumoniae''.<ref name=Zheng2006>{{cite journal |author=Zheng CJ, Sohn MJ, Kim WG. |year=2006 |title=Atromentin and [[leucomelone]], the first inhibitors specific to enoyl-ACP reductase (FabK) of ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' |journal=Journal of Antibiotics |volume=59 |issue=12 |pages=808–12 |doi=10.1038/ja.2006.108 |pmid=17323650}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:52, 18 September 2017
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Streptococcus pneumoniae infection Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Depending on the nature of infection, an appropriate sample is collected for laboratory identification. Pneumococci are typically gram positive, cocci, seen in pairs or chains. When cultured on blood agar plates with added optochin antibiotic disk, they show alpha-hemolytic colonies and a clear zone of inhibition around the disk meaning they're sensitive to the antibiotic. Pneumococci are also bile soluble. Just like other streptococci, it's catalase negative. Quellung test to identify specific capsular polysaccharides may also be done.
Laboratory Diagnosis
Diagnosis is generally made based on clinical suspicion along with a positive culture from a sample from virtually any place in the body. An ASO Titre of >200 units is significant.[1] S. pneumoniae is, in general, optochin sensitive, although optochin resistance has been observed.[2]
Atromentin and leucomelone possess antibacterial activity, inhibiting the enzyme enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, (essential for the biosynthesis of fatty acids) in S. pneumoniae.[3]
References
- ↑ Siemieniuk, Reed A.C. (Nov 2011). "The persisting burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV patients: an observational cohort study" (PDF). BMC Infectious Diseases. 11: 314. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-11-314. PMC 3226630. PMID 22078162. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ Pikis, A; Campos, JM; Rodriguez, WJ; Keith, JM (2001). "Optochin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: mechanism, significance, and clinical implications". Journal of Infectious Diseases. 184 (5): 582–590. doi:10.1086/322803. PMID 11474432.
- ↑ Zheng CJ, Sohn MJ, Kim WG. (2006). "Atromentin and leucomelone, the first inhibitors specific to enoyl-ACP reductase (FabK) of Streptococcus pneumoniae". Journal of Antibiotics. 59 (12): 808–12. doi:10.1038/ja.2006.108. PMID 17323650.