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'''For patient information, click [[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis}}
{{Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''


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==[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==Diagnosis==
==[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis causes|Causes]]==
==[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis history and symptoms|History & Symptoms]]==


==[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis CT|CT]]==
==[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis differentiating granulomatous amoebic encephalitis from other diseases|Differentiating amoebic encephalitis from other Diseases]]==
[[Image:CT showing granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.jpg|CT scan showing granulomatous amoebic encephalitis|left|thumb]]
A computerized tomography scan may demonstrate bilateral low-density areas with mild mass effect in the cortex and subcortical white matter as shown here.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans may show increased signal on T2-weighted images. The lesions may show ring enhancement with intravenous contrast studies. Occasionally, there are neuroradiographic findings of an expanding intracranial mass that may mimic a cerebral tumor or a [[brain abscess]].
==[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==Appearance on Biopsy==
==[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
[[Image:Microscopic findings in GAE.jpg|left|thumb]]
A [[brain biopsy]] will reveal the presence of infection by pathogenic amoebas. In GAE, these present as general inflammation and sparse [[granules]]. On microscopic examination, infiltrates of amoebic [[cysts]] and/or [[trophozoites]] will be visible.


==Cerebrospinal Fluid==
==[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis natural history, complications, and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
The CSF demonstrates a lymphocytic pleocytosis, with mildly elevated protein and normal glucose, but diagnostic organisms are not readily identified. Lumbar puncture is contraindicated if there are signs and symptoms of an increase in [[intracranial pressure]].
 
==Diagnosis==
[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis CT|CT]] | [[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
==[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]]==
[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]
GAE can, in general, must be treated by killing the pathogenic amoebas which cause it. Even with treatment, the condition is often fatal, and there are very few recorded survivors, almost all of whom suffered permanent [[neurocognitive|neurocognitive deficits]]. Several drugs have been shown to be effective against GAE-causing organisms ''[[in vitro]]''.<ref>http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case156/dx.html</ref>


==References==
==Case Studies==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis case study one|Case #1]]


==External links==
==External Links==
* {{cite journal |author=Intalapaporn P, Suankratay C, Shuangshoti S, Phantumchinda K, Keelawat S, Wilde H |title=Balamuthia mandrillaris meningoencephalitis: the first case in southeast Asia |journal=Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. |volume=70 |issue=6 |pages=666-9 |year=2004 |pmid=15211011 |url=http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/full/70/6/666}}


http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/balamuthia/epi.html
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 


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Latest revision as of 17:50, 18 September 2017

For patient information, click here

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Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating amoebic encephalitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

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Case #1

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