Bronchitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
== | Age, season of the year, immunization, cigarette smoking, and occupational or air pollutants, may predispose an individual to bronchitis. | ||
==Risk Factors== | |||
*The | * Age, season of the year and the immunization status are the main determining risk factors for acquiring [[acute bronchitis]].<ref name="pmid11119400">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gonzales R, Sande MA |title=Uncomplicated acute bronchitis |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=133 |issue=12 |pages=981–91 |year=2000 |pmid=11119400 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17108344">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wenzel RP, Fowler AA |title=Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=20 |pages=2125–30 |year=2006 |pmid=17108344 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp061493 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21121518">{{cite journal |vauthors=Albert RH |title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=82 |issue=11 |pages=1345–50 |year=2010 |pmid=21121518 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* The most potent risk factor in the development of [[chronic bronchitis]] is cigarette smoking.<ref name="medcauses">[http://www.medicinenet.com/chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_copd/page3.htm7whatcauses MedicineNet.com - COPD causes]</ref> Other risk factors include: occupational pollutants, such as cadmium and silica, air pollutants, and genetic factors, such as [[alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency]].<ref>[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000091.htm MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia]</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Inflammations]] | [[Category:Inflammations]] | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
[[Category:General practice]] | [[Category:General practice]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:44, 29 July 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
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Bronchitis Main page |
Overview
Age, season of the year, immunization, cigarette smoking, and occupational or air pollutants, may predispose an individual to bronchitis.
Risk Factors
- Age, season of the year and the immunization status are the main determining risk factors for acquiring acute bronchitis.[1][2][3]
- The most potent risk factor in the development of chronic bronchitis is cigarette smoking.[4] Other risk factors include: occupational pollutants, such as cadmium and silica, air pollutants, and genetic factors, such as alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency.[5]
References
- ↑ Gonzales R, Sande MA (2000). "Uncomplicated acute bronchitis". Ann. Intern. Med. 133 (12): 981–91. PMID 11119400.
- ↑ Wenzel RP, Fowler AA (2006). "Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (20): 2125–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp061493. PMID 17108344.
- ↑ Albert RH (2010). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis". Am Fam Physician. 82 (11): 1345–50. PMID 21121518.
- ↑ MedicineNet.com - COPD causes
- ↑ MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia