Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) laboratory/clinical reports: Difference between revisions

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'''For the WikiPatient page for this topic, click [[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For the WikiPatient page for this topic, click [[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) (patient information)|here]]'''


'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@perfuse.org]
'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:moh_sbeih@hotmail.com]Phone: 617-849-2629; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]


'''Related Key Words and Synonyms:''' Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery, Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery, Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery, Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research.
'''''Synonyms and keywords:''''' Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery, Single incision laparoscopic surgery, Minimally invasive surgery, Transanal endoscopic microsurgery, Natural orifice surgery consortium for assessment and research, Society of american gastrointestinal and endoscopic surgeons.
 
==Overview==
NOTES has been studied through both, animal and human studies. Substantial evidence exists to support the usage of NOTES in various laboratory and clinical settings.


==What has been achieved in NOTES?==
==What has been achieved in NOTES?==
*Laboratory Reports
===Laboratory Reports===
:*Appendectomy
:*Colectomy
:*Colectomy
:*Distal pancreatectomy
:*Gastric sleeve resection <ref name="pmid18437477">{{cite journal |author=Mintz Y, Horgan S, Savu MK, Cullen J, Chock A, Ramamoorthy S, Easter DW, Talamini MA |title=Hybrid natural orifice translumenal surgery (NOTES) sleeve gastrectomy: a feasibility study using an animal model |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=22 |issue=8 |pages=1798–802 |year=2008 |month=August |pmid=18437477 |doi=10.1007/s00464-008-9915-y |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-008-9915-y |accessdate=2012-03-21}}</ref>
:*Gastric sleeve resection
:*Peroral esophageal segmentectomy and anastomosis <ref name="pmid21234836">{{cite journal |author=Rolanda C, Silva D, Branco C, Moreira I, Macedo G, Correia-Pinto J |title=Peroral esophageal segmentectomy and anastomosis with single transthoracic trocar: a step forward in thoracic NOTES |journal=Endoscopy |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=14–20 |year=2011 |month=January |pmid=21234836 |doi=10.1055/s-0030-1256012 |url=http://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0030-1256012 |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref>.
:*Pyloroplasty
:*Pyloroplasty
:*Rectosigmoid resection
:*Transanal radical sigmoidectomy <ref name="pmid17705068">{{cite journal |author=Whiteford MH, Denk PM, Swanström LL |title=Feasibility of radical sigmoid colectomy performed as natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) using transanal endoscopic microsurgery |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=1870–4 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17705068 |doi=10.1007/s00464-007-9552-x |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-007-9552-x |accessdate=2012-02-15}}</ref>
:*Splenectomy
:*Transanal rectosigmoid resection <ref name="pmid20174948">{{cite journal |author=Sylla P, Sohn DK, Cizginer S, Konuk Y, Turner BG, Gee DW, Willingham FF, Hsu M, Mino-Kenudson M, Brugge WR, Rattner DW |title=Survival study of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery for rectosigmoid resection using transanal endoscopic microsurgery with or without transgastric endoscopic assistance in a swine model |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=24 |issue=8 |pages=2022–30 |year=2010 |month=August |pmid=20174948 |doi=10.1007/s00464-010-0898-0 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-010-0898-0 |accessdate=2012-03-21}}</ref>
:*Staging peritoneoscopy
:*Transesophageal endoscopic mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy <ref name="pmid18030521">{{cite journal |author=Willingham FF, Gee DW, Lauwers GY, Brugge WR, Rattner DW |title=Natural orifice transesophageal mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=1042–7 |year=2008 |month=April |pmid=18030521 |doi=10.1007/s00464-007-9668-z |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-007-9668-z |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref>
:*Transesophageal endoscopic myotomy <ref name="pmid21993936">{{cite journal |author=Abu Gazala M, Khalaila A, Shussman N, Abu Gazala S, Elazary R, Amar D, Kushnir D, Ponomernco O, Zamir G, Rivkind AI, Mintz Y |title=Transesophageal endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: recognizing potential pitfalls before clinical application |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=681–7 |year=2012 |month=March |pmid=21993936 |doi=10.1007/s00464-011-1937-1 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-011-1937-1 |accessdate=2012-03-21}}</ref>
:*Transesophageal lymphadenectomy <ref name="pmid18803520">{{cite journal |author=Woodward T, McCluskey D, Wallace MB, Raimondo M, Mannone J, Smith CD |title=Pilot study of transesophageal endoscopic surgery: NOTES esophagomyotomy, vagotomy, lymphadenectomy |journal=J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=743–5 |year=2008 |month=October |pmid=18803520 |doi=10.1089/lap.2008.0226 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/lap.2008.0226 |accessdate=2012-03-21}}</ref>
:*Transesophageal pleural biopsy <ref name="pmid18030521">{{cite journal |author=Willingham FF, Gee DW, Lauwers GY, Brugge WR, Rattner DW |title=Natural orifice transesophageal mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=1042–7 |year=2008 |month=April |pmid=18030521 |doi=10.1007/s00464-007-9668-z |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-007-9668-z |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref>
:*Transesophageal vagotomy <ref name="pmid18803520">{{cite journal |author=Woodward T, McCluskey D, Wallace MB, Raimondo M, Mannone J, Smith CD |title=Pilot study of transesophageal endoscopic surgery: NOTES esophagomyotomy, vagotomy, lymphadenectomy |journal=J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=743–5 |year=2008 |month=October |pmid=18803520 |doi=10.1089/lap.2008.0226 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/lap.2008.0226 |accessdate=2012-03-21}}</ref>
:*Transgastric appendectomy <ref name="pmid17055881">{{cite journal |author=Sumiyama K, Gostout CJ, Rajan E, Bakken TA, Deters JL, Knipschield MA, Hawes RH, Kalloo AN, Pasricha PJ, Chung S, Kantsevoy SV, Cotton PB |title=Pilot study of the porcine uterine horn as an in vivo appendicitis model for development of endoscopic transgastric appendectomy |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=808–12 |year=2006 |month=November |pmid=17055881 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2006.04.038 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016-5107(06)01908-0 |accessdate=2012-03-19}}</ref>
:*Transgastric approach to the peritoneal cavity and abdominal exploration <ref name="pmid15229442">{{cite journal |author=Kalloo AN, Singh VK, Jagannath SB, Niiyama H, Hill SL, Vaughn CA, Magee CA, Kantsevoy SV |title=Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity |journal=[[Gastrointest. Endosc.]] |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=114–7 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15229442 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510704013094 |accessdate=2012-02-16}}</ref><ref name="pmid17173916">{{cite journal |author=Fong DG, Pai RD, Thompson CC |title=Transcolonic endoscopic abdominal exploration: a NOTES survival study in a porcine model |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=312–8 |year=2007 |month=February |pmid=17173916 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2006.08.005 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016-5107(06)02665-4 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Transgastric cholecystectomy <ref name="pmid15812420">{{cite journal |author=Park PO, Bergström M, Ikeda K, Fritscher-Ravens A, Swain P |title=Experimental studies of transgastric gallbladder surgery: cholecystectomy and cholecystogastric anastomosis (videos) |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=601–6 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15812420 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510704027749 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>
:*Transgastric cholecystectomy <ref name="pmid15812420">{{cite journal |author=Park PO, Bergström M, Ikeda K, Fritscher-Ravens A, Swain P |title=Experimental studies of transgastric gallbladder surgery: cholecystectomy and cholecystogastric anastomosis (videos) |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=601–6 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15812420 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510704027749 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>
:*Transgastric cholecystogastric anastomosis <ref name="pmid15812420">{{cite journal |author=Park PO, Bergström M, Ikeda K, Fritscher-Ravens A, Swain P |title=Experimental studies of transgastric gallbladder surgery: cholecystectomy and cholecystogastric anastomosis (videos) |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=601–6 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15812420 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510704027749 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>
:*Transgastric cholecystogastric anastomosis <ref name="pmid15812420">{{cite journal |author=Park PO, Bergström M, Ikeda K, Fritscher-Ravens A, Swain P |title=Experimental studies of transgastric gallbladder surgery: cholecystectomy and cholecystogastric anastomosis (videos) |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=601–6 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15812420 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510704027749 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>
:*Transgastric diaphragmatic pacing <ref name="pmid17177078">{{cite journal |author=Onders R, McGee MF, Marks J, Chak A, Schilz R, Rosen MJ, Ignagni A, Faulx A, Elmo MJ, Schomisch S, Ponsky J |title=Diaphragm pacing with natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: potential for difficult-to-wean intensive care unit patients |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=475–9 |year=2007 |month=March |pmid=17177078 |doi=10.1007/s00464-006-9125-4 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-006-9125-4 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Transgastric distal pancreatectomy <ref name="pmid17905020">{{cite journal |author=Matthes K, Yusuf TE, Willingham FF, Mino-Kenudson M, Rattner DW, Brugge WR |title=Feasibility of endoscopic transgastric distal pancreatectomy in a porcine animal model |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=762–6 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17905020 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2007.02.042 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016-5107(07)00345-8 |accessdate=2012-03-19}}</ref>
:*Transgastric fallopian tube ligation <ref name="pmid15758923">{{cite journal |author=Jagannath SB, Kantsevoy SV, Vaughn CA, Chung SS, Cotton PB, Gostout CJ, Hawes RH, Pasricha PJ, Scorpio DG, Magee CA, Pipitone LJ, Kalloo AN |title=Peroral transgastric endoscopic ligation of fallopian tubes with long-term survival in a porcine model |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=449–53 |year=2005 |month=March |pmid=15758923 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510704028287 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>
:*Transgastric fallopian tube ligation <ref name="pmid15758923">{{cite journal |author=Jagannath SB, Kantsevoy SV, Vaughn CA, Chung SS, Cotton PB, Gostout CJ, Hawes RH, Pasricha PJ, Scorpio DG, Magee CA, Pipitone LJ, Kalloo AN |title=Peroral transgastric endoscopic ligation of fallopian tubes with long-term survival in a porcine model |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=449–53 |year=2005 |month=March |pmid=15758923 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510704028287 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>
:*Transgastric gastrojejunostomy <ref name="pmid16046997">{{cite journal |author=Kantsevoy SV, Jagannath SB, Niiyama H, Chung SS, Cotton PB, Gostout CJ, Hawes RH, Pasricha PJ, Magee CA, Vaughn CA, Barlow D, Shimonaka H, Kalloo AN |title=Endoscopic gastrojejunostomy with survival in a porcine model |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=287–92 |year=2005 |month=August |pmid=16046997 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510705015658 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Transgastric intraperitoneal pressure measurement <ref name="pmid17404796">{{cite journal |author=Meireles O, Kantsevoy SV, Kalloo AN, Jagannath SB, Giday SA, Magno P, Shih SP, Hanly EJ, Ko CW, Beitler DM, Marohn MR |title=Comparison of intraabdominal pressures using the gastroscope and laparoscope for transgastric surgery |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=998–1001 |year=2007 |month=June |pmid=17404796 |doi=10.1007/s00464-006-9167-7 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-006-9167-7 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Transgastric liver biopsy <ref name="pmid15229442">{{cite journal |author=Kalloo AN, Singh VK, Jagannath SB, Niiyama H, Hill SL, Vaughn CA, Magee CA, Kantsevoy SV |title=Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity |journal=[[Gastrointest. Endosc.]] |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=114–7 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15229442 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510704013094 |accessdate=2012-02-16}}</ref>
:*Transgastric liver biopsy <ref name="pmid15229442">{{cite journal |author=Kalloo AN, Singh VK, Jagannath SB, Niiyama H, Hill SL, Vaughn CA, Magee CA, Kantsevoy SV |title=Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity |journal=[[Gastrointest. Endosc.]] |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=114–7 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15229442 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510704013094 |accessdate=2012-02-16}}</ref>
:*Transgastric diaphragmatic pacing <ref name="pmid17177078">{{cite journal |author=Onders R, McGee MF, Marks J, Chak A, Schilz R, Rosen MJ, Ignagni A, Faulx A, Elmo MJ, Schomisch S, Ponsky J |title=Diaphragm pacing with natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: potential for difficult-to-wean intensive care unit patients |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=475–9 |year=2007 |month=March |pmid=17177078 |doi=10.1007/s00464-006-9125-4 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-006-9125-4 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>.
:*Transgastric gastrojejunostomy <ref name="pmid16046997">{{cite journal |author=Kantsevoy SV, Jagannath SB, Niiyama H, Chung SS, Cotton PB, Gostout CJ, Hawes RH, Pasricha PJ, Magee CA, Vaughn CA, Barlow D, Shimonaka H, Kalloo AN |title=Endoscopic gastrojejunostomy with survival in a porcine model |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=287–92 |year=2005 |month=August |pmid=16046997 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510705015658 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Transgastric lymphadenectomy <ref name="pmid16427939">{{cite journal |author=Fritscher-Ravens A, Mosse CA, Ikeda K, Swain P |title=Endoscopic transgastric lymphadenectomy by using EUS for selection and guidance |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=302–6 |year=2006 |month=February |pmid=16427939 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2005.10.026 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016-5107(05)03148-2 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Transgastric lymphadenectomy <ref name="pmid16427939">{{cite journal |author=Fritscher-Ravens A, Mosse CA, Ikeda K, Swain P |title=Endoscopic transgastric lymphadenectomy by using EUS for selection and guidance |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=302–6 |year=2006 |month=February |pmid=16427939 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2005.10.026 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016-5107(05)03148-2 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Transgastric approach to the peritoneal cavity and abdominal exploration <ref name="pmid15229442">{{cite journal |author=Kalloo AN, Singh VK, Jagannath SB, Niiyama H, Hill SL, Vaughn CA, Magee CA, Kantsevoy SV |title=Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity |journal=[[Gastrointest. Endosc.]] |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=114–7 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15229442 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016510704013094 |accessdate=2012-02-16}}</ref><ref name="pmid17173916">{{cite journal |author=Fong DG, Pai RD, Thompson CC |title=Transcolonic endoscopic abdominal exploration: a NOTES survival study in a porcine model |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=312–8 |year=2007 |month=February |pmid=17173916 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2006.08.005 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016-5107(06)02665-4 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Transgastric oophorectomy <ref name="pmid16234027">{{cite journal |author=Wagh MS, Merrifield BF, Thompson CC |title=Endoscopic transgastric abdominal exploration and organ resection: initial experience in a porcine model |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=892–6 |year=2005 |month=September |pmid=16234027 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1542-3565(05)00296-X |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>
:*Transgastric partial hysterectomy <ref name="pmid16234027">{{cite journal |author=Wagh MS, Merrifield BF, Thompson CC |title=Endoscopic transgastric abdominal exploration and organ resection: initial experience in a porcine model |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=892–6 |year=2005 |month=September |pmid=16234027 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1542-3565(05)00296-X |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>
:*Transgastric partial hysterectomy <ref name="pmid16234027">{{cite journal |author=Wagh MS, Merrifield BF, Thompson CC |title=Endoscopic transgastric abdominal exploration and organ resection: initial experience in a porcine model |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=892–6 |year=2005 |month=September |pmid=16234027 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1542-3565(05)00296-X |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>
:*Transgastric oophorectomy <ref name="pmid16234027">{{cite journal |author=Wagh MS, Merrifield BF, Thompson CC |title=Endoscopic transgastric abdominal exploration and organ resection: initial experience in a porcine model |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=892–6 |year=2005 |month=September |pmid=16234027 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1542-3565(05)00296-X |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>
:*Transgastric peritoneoscopy and staging <ref name="pmid22179468">{{cite journal |author=Donatsky AM, Vilmann P, Meisner S, Jørgensen LN, Rosenberg J |title=Transgastric pure-NOTES peritoneoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography for staging of gastrointestinal cancers: a survival and feasibility study |journal=Surg Endosc |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2011 |month=December |pmid=22179468 |doi=10.1007/s00464-011-2082-6 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-011-2082-6 |accessdate=2012-03-21}}</ref>
:*Transgastric splenectomy <ref name="pmid16432652">{{cite journal |author=Kantsevoy SV, Hu B, Jagannath SB, Vaughn CA, Beitler DM, Chung SS, Cotton PB, Gostout CJ, Hawes RH, Pasricha PJ, Magee CA, Pipitone LJ, Talamini MA, Kalloo AN |title=Transgastric endoscopic splenectomy: is it possible? |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=522–5 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16432652 |doi=10.1007/s00464-005-0263-x |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-005-0263-x |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Transrectal appendectomy <ref name="pmid21643877">{{cite journal |author=Santos BF, Hungness ES, Boller AM |title=Development of a feasible transrectal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES®) approach in a cadaveric appendectomy model: anterior is better |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=25 |issue=12 |pages=3773–83 |year=2011 |month=December |pmid=21643877 |doi=10.1007/s00464-011-1787-x |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-011-1787-x |accessdate=2012-03-19}}</ref>
:*Transvaginal appendectomy
:*Transvaginal nephrectomy <ref name="pmid11880100">{{cite journal |author=Gettman MT, Lotan Y, Napper CA, Cadeddu JA |title=Transvaginal laparoscopic nephrectomy: development and feasibility in the porcine model |journal=Urology |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=446–50 |year=2002 |month=March |pmid=11880100 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0090429501015680 |accessdate=2012-03-10}}</ref>
:*Transvaginal nephrectomy <ref name="pmid11880100">{{cite journal |author=Gettman MT, Lotan Y, Napper CA, Cadeddu JA |title=Transvaginal laparoscopic nephrectomy: development and feasibility in the porcine model |journal=Urology |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=446–50 |year=2002 |month=March |pmid=11880100 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0090429501015680 |accessdate=2012-03-10}}</ref>
:*Transvesical liver biopsy <ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |author=Lima E, Rolanda C, Pêgo JM, Henriques-Coelho T, Silva D, Carvalho JL, Correia-Pinto J |title=Transvesical endoscopic peritoneoscopy: a novel 5 mm port for intra-abdominal scarless surgery |journal=J. Urol. |volume=176 |issue=2 |pages=802–5 |year=2006 |month=August |pmid= |doi=10.1016/j.juro.2006.03.075 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-5347(06)00816-0 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Transvesical liver biopsy <ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |author=Lima E, Rolanda C, Pêgo JM, Henriques-Coelho T, Silva D, Carvalho JL, Correia-Pinto J |title=Transvesical endoscopic peritoneoscopy: a novel 5 mm port for intra-abdominal scarless surgery |journal=J. Urol. |volume=176 |issue=2 |pages=802–5 |year=2006 |month=August |pmid= |doi=10.1016/j.juro.2006.03.075 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-5347(06)00816-0 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Transgastric splenectomy <ref name="pmid16432652">{{cite journal |author=Kantsevoy SV, Hu B, Jagannath SB, Vaughn CA, Beitler DM, Chung SS, Cotton PB, Gostout CJ, Hawes RH, Pasricha PJ, Magee CA, Pipitone LJ, Talamini MA, Kalloo AN |title=Transgastric endoscopic splenectomy: is it possible? |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=522–5 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16432652 |doi=10.1007/s00464-005-0263-x |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-005-0263-x |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Ventral hernia repair
:*Ventral hernia repair


*Human Cases
===Human Cases===
 
:*Endoscopic drainage of pseudocyst <ref name="pmid4043685">{{cite journal |author=Kozarek RA, Brayko CM, Harlan J, Sanowski RA, Cintora I, Kovac A |title=Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=322–7 |year=1985 |month=October |pmid=4043685 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-03-10}}</ref>
:*Percutaneous enteral gastrostomy salvage
:*Percutaneous enteral gastrostomy salvage <ref name="pmid17404790">{{cite journal |author=Marks JM, Ponsky JL, Pearl JP, McGee MF |title=PEG "Rescue": a practical NOTES technique |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=816–9 |year=2007 |month=May |pmid=17404790 |doi=10.1007/s00464-007-9361-2 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-007-9361-2 |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
:*Robotic-assisted laparoscopic transvaginal nephrectomy <ref name="pmid21114647">{{cite journal |author=Pietrabissa A, Abelli M, Spinillo A, Alessiani M, Zonta S, Ticozzelli E, Peri A, Dal Canton A, Dionigi P |title=Robotic-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy with transvaginal extraction of the kidney |journal=Am. J. Transplant. |volume=10 |issue=12 |pages=2708–11 |year=2010 |month=December |pmid=21114647 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03305.x |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03305.x |accessdate=2012-02-28}}</ref>
:*Staging (Cancer)
:*Staging (Cancer)
:*Transgastric appendectomy
:*Transanal rectosigmoid resection <ref name="pmid20186432">{{cite journal |author=Sylla P, Rattner DW, Delgado S, Lacy AM |title=NOTES transanal rectal cancer resection using transanal endoscopic microsurgery and laparoscopic assistance |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=1205–10 |year=2010 |month=May |pmid=20186432 |doi=10.1007/s00464-010-0965-6 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-010-0965-6 |accessdate=2012-02-15}}</ref>
:*Transgastric appendectomy <ref name="pmid19343435">{{cite journal |author=Horgan S, Cullen JP, Talamini MA, Mintz Y, Ferreres A, Jacobsen GR, Sandler B, Bosia J, Savides T, Easter DW, Savu MK, Ramamoorthy SL, Whitcomb E, Agarwal S, Lukacz E, Dominguez G, Ferraina P |title=Natural orifice surgery: initial clinical experience |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=23 |issue=7 |pages=1512–8 |year=2009 |month=July |pmid=19343435 |pmc=2695868 |doi=10.1007/s00464-009-0428-0 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-009-0428-0 |accessdate=2012-02-28}}</ref>
:*Transgastric cholecystectomy
:*Transgastric cholecystectomy
:*Transvaginal cholecystectomy
:*Transgastric debridement of necrotizing pancreatitis <ref name="pmid10968442">{{cite journal |author=Seifert H, Wehrmann T, Schmitt T, Zeuzem S, Caspary WF |title=Retroperitoneal endoscopic debridement for infected peripancreatic necrosis |journal=Lancet |volume=356 |issue=9230 |pages=653–5 |year=2000 |month=August |pmid=10968442 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02611-8 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(00)02611-8 |accessdate=2012-03-05}}</ref>
:*Transgastric debridement of necrotizing pancreatitis <ref name="pmid10968442">{{cite journal |author=Seifert H, Wehrmann T, Schmitt T, Zeuzem S, Caspary WF |title=Retroperitoneal endoscopic debridement for infected peripancreatic necrosis |journal=Lancet |volume=356 |issue=9230 |pages=653–5 |year=2000 |month=August |pmid=10968442 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02611-8 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(00)02611-8 |accessdate=2012-03-05}}</ref>
:*Translumenal feeding gastrostomy <ref name="pmid6780678">{{cite journal |author=Gauderer MW, Ponsky JL, Izant RJ |title=Gastrostomy without laparotomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique |journal=J. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=872–5 |year=1980 |month=December |pmid=6780678 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022346880001352 |accessdate=2012-03-10}}</ref>
:*Transvaginal donor kidney extraction <ref name="InfoNIAC.com">{{cite news | title=Surgeons Remove Healthy Kidney Through Vagina | url=http://www.infoniac.com/health-fitness/remove-healthy-kidney-through-vagina.html | accessdate=2009-02-03 | publisher=InfoNIAC.com}}</ref>
:*Transvaginal cholecystectomy <ref name="pmid19474690">{{cite journal |author=Gumbs AA, Fowler D, Milone L, Evanko JC, Ude AO, Stevens P, Bessler M |title=Transvaginal natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery cholecystectomy: early evolution of the technique |journal=Ann. Surg. |volume=249 |issue=6 |pages=908–12 |year=2009 |month=June |pmid=19474690 |doi=10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181a802e2 |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?doi=10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181a802e2 |accessdate=2012-02-28}}</ref>
:*Transvaginal appendectomy <ref name="pmid21221245">{{cite journal |author=Shin EJ, Jeong GA, Jung JC, Cho GS, Lim CW, Kim HC, Song OP |title=Transvaginal endoscopic appendectomy |journal=J Korean Soc Coloproctol |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=429–32 |year=2010 |month=December |pmid=21221245 |pmc=3017980 |doi=10.3393/jksc.2010.26.6.429 |url=http://www.coloproctol.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3393/jksc.2010.26.6.429 |accessdate=2012-03-19}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 19:30, 1 November 2012

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Experimental Evolution

Advantages Over Current Surgical Techniques

What has been achieved so far?

Challenges and Drawbacks

Human Experience

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Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR)

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Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) laboratory/clinical reports On the Web

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For the WikiPatient page for this topic, click here

Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [1]Phone: 617-849-2629; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery, Single incision laparoscopic surgery, Minimally invasive surgery, Transanal endoscopic microsurgery, Natural orifice surgery consortium for assessment and research, Society of american gastrointestinal and endoscopic surgeons.

Overview

NOTES has been studied through both, animal and human studies. Substantial evidence exists to support the usage of NOTES in various laboratory and clinical settings.

What has been achieved in NOTES?

Laboratory Reports

  • Colectomy
  • Gastric sleeve resection [1]
  • Peroral esophageal segmentectomy and anastomosis [2].
  • Pyloroplasty
  • Transanal radical sigmoidectomy [3]
  • Transanal rectosigmoid resection [4]
  • Transesophageal endoscopic mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy [5]
  • Transesophageal endoscopic myotomy [6]
  • Transesophageal lymphadenectomy [7]
  • Transesophageal pleural biopsy [5]
  • Transesophageal vagotomy [7]
  • Transgastric appendectomy [8]
  • Transgastric approach to the peritoneal cavity and abdominal exploration [9][10]
  • Transgastric cholecystectomy [11]
  • Transgastric cholecystogastric anastomosis [11]
  • Transgastric diaphragmatic pacing [12]
  • Transgastric distal pancreatectomy [13]
  • Transgastric fallopian tube ligation [14]
  • Transgastric gastrojejunostomy [15]
  • Transgastric intraperitoneal pressure measurement [16]
  • Transgastric liver biopsy [9]
  • Transgastric lymphadenectomy [17]
  • Transgastric oophorectomy [18]
  • Transgastric partial hysterectomy [18]
  • Transgastric peritoneoscopy and staging [19]
  • Transgastric splenectomy [20]
  • Transrectal appendectomy [21]
  • Transvaginal appendectomy
  • Transvaginal nephrectomy [22]
  • Transvesical liver biopsy [23]
  • Ventral hernia repair

Human Cases

  • Endoscopic drainage of pseudocyst [24]
  • Percutaneous enteral gastrostomy salvage [25]
  • Robotic-assisted laparoscopic transvaginal nephrectomy [26]
  • Staging (Cancer)
  • Transanal rectosigmoid resection [27]
  • Transgastric appendectomy [28]
  • Transgastric cholecystectomy
  • Transgastric debridement of necrotizing pancreatitis [29]
  • Translumenal feeding gastrostomy [30]
  • Transvaginal donor kidney extraction [31]
  • Transvaginal cholecystectomy [32]
  • Transvaginal appendectomy [33]

References

  1. ↑ Mintz Y, Horgan S, Savu MK, Cullen J, Chock A, Ramamoorthy S, Easter DW, Talamini MA (2008). "Hybrid natural orifice translumenal surgery (NOTES) sleeve gastrectomy: a feasibility study using an animal model". Surg Endosc. 22 (8): 1798–802. doi:10.1007/s00464-008-9915-y. PMID 18437477. Retrieved 2012-03-21. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Rolanda C, Silva D, Branco C, Moreira I, Macedo G, Correia-Pinto J (2011). "Peroral esophageal segmentectomy and anastomosis with single transthoracic trocar: a step forward in thoracic NOTES". Endoscopy. 43 (1): 14–20. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1256012. PMID 21234836. Retrieved 2012-03-29. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Whiteford MH, Denk PM, Swanström LL (2007). "Feasibility of radical sigmoid colectomy performed as natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) using transanal endoscopic microsurgery". Surg Endosc. 21 (10): 1870–4. doi:10.1007/s00464-007-9552-x. PMID 17705068. Retrieved 2012-02-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Sylla P, Sohn DK, Cizginer S, Konuk Y, Turner BG, Gee DW, Willingham FF, Hsu M, Mino-Kenudson M, Brugge WR, Rattner DW (2010). "Survival study of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery for rectosigmoid resection using transanal endoscopic microsurgery with or without transgastric endoscopic assistance in a swine model". Surg Endosc. 24 (8): 2022–30. doi:10.1007/s00464-010-0898-0. PMID 20174948. Retrieved 2012-03-21. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Willingham FF, Gee DW, Lauwers GY, Brugge WR, Rattner DW (2008). "Natural orifice transesophageal mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy". Surg Endosc. 22 (4): 1042–7. doi:10.1007/s00464-007-9668-z. PMID 18030521. Retrieved 2012-03-29. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Abu Gazala M, Khalaila A, Shussman N, Abu Gazala S, Elazary R, Amar D, Kushnir D, Ponomernco O, Zamir G, Rivkind AI, Mintz Y (2012). "Transesophageal endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: recognizing potential pitfalls before clinical application". Surg Endosc. 26 (3): 681–7. doi:10.1007/s00464-011-1937-1. PMID 21993936. Retrieved 2012-03-21. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Woodward T, McCluskey D, Wallace MB, Raimondo M, Mannone J, Smith CD (2008). "Pilot study of transesophageal endoscopic surgery: NOTES esophagomyotomy, vagotomy, lymphadenectomy". J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 18 (5): 743–5. doi:10.1089/lap.2008.0226. PMID 18803520. Retrieved 2012-03-21. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Sumiyama K, Gostout CJ, Rajan E, Bakken TA, Deters JL, Knipschield MA, Hawes RH, Kalloo AN, Pasricha PJ, Chung S, Kantsevoy SV, Cotton PB (2006). "Pilot study of the porcine uterine horn as an in vivo appendicitis model for development of endoscopic transgastric appendectomy". Gastrointest. Endosc. 64 (5): 808–12. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2006.04.038. PMID 17055881. Retrieved 2012-03-19. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kalloo AN, Singh VK, Jagannath SB, Niiyama H, Hill SL, Vaughn CA, Magee CA, Kantsevoy SV (2004). "Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity". Gastrointest. Endosc. 60 (1): 114–7. PMID 15229442. Retrieved 2012-02-16. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Fong DG, Pai RD, Thompson CC (2007). "Transcolonic endoscopic abdominal exploration: a NOTES survival study in a porcine model". Gastrointest. Endosc. 65 (2): 312–8. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2006.08.005. PMID 17173916. Retrieved 2012-03-01. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Park PO, Bergström M, Ikeda K, Fritscher-Ravens A, Swain P (2005). "Experimental studies of transgastric gallbladder surgery: cholecystectomy and cholecystogastric anastomosis (videos)". Gastrointest. Endosc. 61 (4): 601–6. PMID 15812420. Retrieved 2012-02-29. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ Onders R, McGee MF, Marks J, Chak A, Schilz R, Rosen MJ, Ignagni A, Faulx A, Elmo MJ, Schomisch S, Ponsky J (2007). "Diaphragm pacing with natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: potential for difficult-to-wean intensive care unit patients". Surg Endosc. 21 (3): 475–9. doi:10.1007/s00464-006-9125-4. PMID 17177078. Retrieved 2012-03-01. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. ↑ Matthes K, Yusuf TE, Willingham FF, Mino-Kenudson M, Rattner DW, Brugge WR (2007). "Feasibility of endoscopic transgastric distal pancreatectomy in a porcine animal model". Gastrointest. Endosc. 66 (4): 762–6. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2007.02.042. PMID 17905020. Retrieved 2012-03-19. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ Jagannath SB, Kantsevoy SV, Vaughn CA, Chung SS, Cotton PB, Gostout CJ, Hawes RH, Pasricha PJ, Scorpio DG, Magee CA, Pipitone LJ, Kalloo AN (2005). "Peroral transgastric endoscopic ligation of fallopian tubes with long-term survival in a porcine model". Gastrointest. Endosc. 61 (3): 449–53. PMID 15758923. Retrieved 2012-02-29. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ Kantsevoy SV, Jagannath SB, Niiyama H, Chung SS, Cotton PB, Gostout CJ, Hawes RH, Pasricha PJ, Magee CA, Vaughn CA, Barlow D, Shimonaka H, Kalloo AN (2005). "Endoscopic gastrojejunostomy with survival in a porcine model". Gastrointest. Endosc. 62 (2): 287–92. PMID 16046997. Retrieved 2012-03-01. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ Meireles O, Kantsevoy SV, Kalloo AN, Jagannath SB, Giday SA, Magno P, Shih SP, Hanly EJ, Ko CW, Beitler DM, Marohn MR (2007). "Comparison of intraabdominal pressures using the gastroscope and laparoscope for transgastric surgery". Surg Endosc. 21 (6): 998–1001. doi:10.1007/s00464-006-9167-7. PMID 17404796. Retrieved 2012-03-01. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ Fritscher-Ravens A, Mosse CA, Ikeda K, Swain P (2006). "Endoscopic transgastric lymphadenectomy by using EUS for selection and guidance". Gastrointest. Endosc. 63 (2): 302–6. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2005.10.026. PMID 16427939. Retrieved 2012-03-01. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Wagh MS, Merrifield BF, Thompson CC (2005). "Endoscopic transgastric abdominal exploration and organ resection: initial experience in a porcine model". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 3 (9): 892–6. PMID 16234027. Retrieved 2012-02-29. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  19. ↑ Donatsky AM, Vilmann P, Meisner S, Jørgensen LN, Rosenberg J (2011). "Transgastric pure-NOTES peritoneoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography for staging of gastrointestinal cancers: a survival and feasibility study". Surg Endosc. doi:10.1007/s00464-011-2082-6. PMID 22179468. Retrieved 2012-03-21. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ Kantsevoy SV, Hu B, Jagannath SB, Vaughn CA, Beitler DM, Chung SS, Cotton PB, Gostout CJ, Hawes RH, Pasricha PJ, Magee CA, Pipitone LJ, Talamini MA, Kalloo AN (2006). "Transgastric endoscopic splenectomy: is it possible?". Surg Endosc. 20 (3): 522–5. doi:10.1007/s00464-005-0263-x. PMID 16432652. Retrieved 2012-03-01. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ Santos BF, Hungness ES, Boller AM (2011). "Development of a feasible transrectal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES®) approach in a cadaveric appendectomy model: anterior is better". Surg Endosc. 25 (12): 3773–83. doi:10.1007/s00464-011-1787-x. PMID 21643877. Retrieved 2012-03-19. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  22. ↑ Gettman MT, Lotan Y, Napper CA, Cadeddu JA (2002). "Transvaginal laparoscopic nephrectomy: development and feasibility in the porcine model". Urology. 59 (3): 446–50. PMID 11880100. Retrieved 2012-03-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  23. ↑ Lima E, Rolanda C, Pêgo JM, Henriques-Coelho T, Silva D, Carvalho JL, Correia-Pinto J (2006). "Transvesical endoscopic peritoneoscopy: a novel 5 mm port for intra-abdominal scarless surgery". J. Urol. 176 (2): 802–5. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.03.075. Retrieved 2012-03-01. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  24. ↑ Kozarek RA, Brayko CM, Harlan J, Sanowski RA, Cintora I, Kovac A (1985). "Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts". Gastrointest. Endosc. 31 (5): 322–7. PMID 4043685. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  25. ↑ Marks JM, Ponsky JL, Pearl JP, McGee MF (2007). "PEG "Rescue": a practical NOTES technique". Surg Endosc. 21 (5): 816–9. doi:10.1007/s00464-007-9361-2. PMID 17404790. Retrieved 2012-03-01. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  26. ↑ Pietrabissa A, Abelli M, Spinillo A, Alessiani M, Zonta S, Ticozzelli E, Peri A, Dal Canton A, Dionigi P (2010). "Robotic-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy with transvaginal extraction of the kidney". Am. J. Transplant. 10 (12): 2708–11. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03305.x. PMID 21114647. Retrieved 2012-02-28. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  27. ↑ Sylla P, Rattner DW, Delgado S, Lacy AM (2010). "NOTES transanal rectal cancer resection using transanal endoscopic microsurgery and laparoscopic assistance". Surg Endosc. 24 (5): 1205–10. doi:10.1007/s00464-010-0965-6. PMID 20186432. Retrieved 2012-02-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  28. ↑ Horgan S, Cullen JP, Talamini MA, Mintz Y, Ferreres A, Jacobsen GR, Sandler B, Bosia J, Savides T, Easter DW, Savu MK, Ramamoorthy SL, Whitcomb E, Agarwal S, Lukacz E, Dominguez G, Ferraina P (2009). "Natural orifice surgery: initial clinical experience". Surg Endosc. 23 (7): 1512–8. doi:10.1007/s00464-009-0428-0. PMC 2695868. PMID 19343435. Retrieved 2012-02-28. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  29. ↑ Seifert H, Wehrmann T, Schmitt T, Zeuzem S, Caspary WF (2000). "Retroperitoneal endoscopic debridement for infected peripancreatic necrosis". Lancet. 356 (9230): 653–5. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02611-8. PMID 10968442. Retrieved 2012-03-05. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  30. ↑ Gauderer MW, Ponsky JL, Izant RJ (1980). "Gastrostomy without laparotomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique". J. Pediatr. Surg. 15 (6): 872–5. PMID 6780678. Retrieved 2012-03-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  31. ↑ "Surgeons Remove Healthy Kidney Through Vagina". InfoNIAC.com. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
  32. ↑ Gumbs AA, Fowler D, Milone L, Evanko JC, Ude AO, Stevens P, Bessler M (2009). "Transvaginal natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery cholecystectomy: early evolution of the technique". Ann. Surg. 249 (6): 908–12. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181a802e2. PMID 19474690. Retrieved 2012-02-28. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  33. ↑ Shin EJ, Jeong GA, Jung JC, Cho GS, Lim CW, Kim HC, Song OP (2010). "Transvaginal endoscopic appendectomy". J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 26 (6): 429–32. doi:10.3393/jksc.2010.26.6.429. PMC 3017980. PMID 21221245. Retrieved 2012-03-19. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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