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| | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Brain tumor}} | | {{Brain tumor}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{SR}} |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Epidemiological record suggests a growing share each year of infants and children in the United States affected by brain tumors.
| | In 2012, the prevalence and incidence of brain tumors were 148,818 and 6.4 per 100,000 persons per year respectively. The case-mortality rate of brain tumors is 4.4 per 100,000 persons per year. Patients of all age-group develop this cancer. Males are more affected with gliomas than females. Females are more affected with meningiomas. It usually affects individuals of the caucasian race. African Americans are less likely to develop this cancer. |
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== |
| | Brain tumors account for 85% to 90% of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. |
| | ===Prevalence=== |
| | *In 2012, there were an estimated 148,818 people living with brain and other nervous system cancer in the United States.<ref name="seer">National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 2015.http://seer.cancer.gov</ref> |
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| It is estimated that 22,340 new cases of primary
| | ===Incidence=== |
| malignant brain and central nervous system (CNS)
| | *Available registry data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for 2012 indicate that the combined incidence of primary CNS tumors in the United States is 6.4 per 100,000 persons per year, with an estimated mortality of 4.4 per 100,000 persons per year. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2008-2012 cases and deaths. |
| tumors will be diagnosed in the United States in | | *Estimated new cases and deaths from brain tumors and other nervous system tumors in the United States in 2015 |
| 2011; of those, approximately 3,000 will be new cases
| | **''New cases'': 22,850 |
| of childhood primary brain and CNS tumors.The
| | **''Percentage'' of all new cancer cases: 1.4% |
| incidence and mortality rates for cancers that originate
| | **''Deaths'': 15,320<ref name="cancergov">National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq</ref> |
| in the brain and CNS have decreased slightly in the
| | **''Percentage'' of all cancer deaths: 2.6% |
| past decade. Both incidence and mortality rates are
| | *In ''2015'', it is estimated that there will be 22,850 new cases of brain and other nervous system cancer and an estimated 15,320 people will die of this disease. |
| substantially higher for whites than for people of
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| other racial/ethnic groups. In all racial/ethnic groups,
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| men have higher incidence and mortality rates than
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| women.
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| Brain tumors are the leading cause of death from solid
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| tumor cancers in children; brain and CNS cancers
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| make up approximately 27 percent of all childhood
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| cancers. The incidence rate of brain and CNS cancers
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| in children has risen slightly over the past three
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| decades, but the death rate has dropped slightly over
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| this period.
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| It is estimated that approximately $3.7 billion is
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| spent in the United States each year on brain cancer
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| treatment.
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| '''Incidence'''
| | ===Age=== |
| | *Brain tumors are seen in all age-groups. |
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| * CBTRUS(Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States): The incidence rate of all primary malignant and non-malignant brain and central nervous system tumors is 19.9 cases per 100,000 person–years (7.3 per 100,000 person–years for malignant tumors and 12.5 per 100,000 person–years for non–malignant tumors). The rate is higher in females (21.3 per 100,000 person–years) than males (18.3 per 100,000 person–years).<font color="#777777"><ref></font> Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States analyses of the NPCR and SEER data, 2004-2008.</ref>
| | ===Gender=== |
| * CBTRUS: An estimated 66,290 new cases of primary non–malignant and malignant brain and central nervous system tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2012. <ref> The age-specific rate method (www.idph.state.il.us/cancer/pdf/projections/Final_methodsV2_no_examples_updated_for_2007-2010.pdf) was utilized to project 2012 estimates of all primary brain tumors using the NPCR/SEER 2004-2008 age-sex-race-specific brain tumor incidence rates for a group by the age-sex-race-specific projections for that group. Projected population estimates for 2012 were derived for the 50 states and District of Columbia using the US Census Bureau 1990-2008 population data (seer.cancer.gov/popdata/index.html).</ref> | | * Gliomas are more frequent in '''men''' and [[meningiomas]] are more frequent in '''women'''. |
| * SEER: The incidence rate of primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumors (excluding lymphomas, leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) for the years 2004-2008 is 6.5 cases per 100,000 person–years. This rate is higher in males (7.7 per 100,000 person–years) than females (5.4 per 100,000 person–years). <ref> Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Neyman N, Aminou R, Waldron W, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Cho H, Mariotto A, Eisner MP, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA, Edwards BK (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2008, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2008/, based on November 2010 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2011.</ref>
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| * SEER: The incidence rate of primary non-malignant brain and central nervous system tumors for the years 2004-2008 is 12.8 cases per 100,000 person–years. In contrast to malignant brain and central nervous system tumors, this rate is higher in females (15.3 per 100,000 person–years) than males (10.1 per 100,000 person– years).
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| * ACS: An estimated 22,910 new cases of primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2012 (12,630 in males and 10,280 in females). This represents 1.4% of all primary malignant cancers expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2012.<ref> Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 62:10-29, 2012. </ref>
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| * IARC: The worldwide incidence rate of primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumors in 2002, age–adjusted using the world standard population, is 3.7 per 100,000 person–years in males and 2.6 per 100,000 person–years in females. This represents an estimated 108,277 males and 81,305 females who were diagnosed with a primary malignant brain tumor in 2002, an overall total of 189,582 individuals. The incidence rates are higher in more developed countries (males: 5.8 per 100,000 person–years; females: 4.1 per 100,000 person–years) than in less developed countries (males: 3.0 per 100,000 person–years; females: 2.1 per 100,000 person–years). <ref> Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P and Parkin DM. GLOBOCAN 2002: Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide, Version 2.0. IARC CancerBase No. 5, Lyon, IARC Press, 2004. Limited version available from URL: http://www.depdb.iarc.fr/globocan2002.htm. </ref>
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| * CBTRUS: CBTRUS has calculated a worldwide estimate of 186,678 newly diagnosed primary non–malignant brain and central nervous system tumors per annum for 2002 (males: n=80,759; females: n=105,918). <ref>
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| McCarthy BJ, Schellinger KA, Propp JM, Kruchko C, Malmer B. A Case for the Worldwide Collection of Primary Benign Brain Tumors. Neuroepidemiology 33(3):268-275, 2009.</ref>
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| <font color="#777777">
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| </font>
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| '''Pediatric Incidence (Ages 0-19)''' | |
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| * CBTRUS: The incidence rate of childhood primary non–malignant and malignant brain and central nervous system tumors is 5.0 cases per 100,000 person–years. The rate is higher in males (5.1 per 100,000 person–years) than females (5.0 per 100,000 person–years).
| | ===Race=== |
| * CBTRUS: An estimated 4,200 new cases of childhood primary non–malignant and malignant brain and central nervous system tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2012. Of these 4,200 new cases, an estimated 3,020 will be in children less than 15 years of age. | | *Caucasians > African Americans |
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| '''Mortality'''
| | ===Others=== |
| | | *'''Lifetime Risk of Developing Cancer''' : Approximately 0.6 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with brain and other nervous system cancer at some point during their lifetime, based on 2010-2012 data. |
| * ACS: An estimated 13,700 deaths will be attributed to primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumors in the United States in 2012. | |
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| '''Lifetime Risk''' | |
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| * SEER: From birth, males have a 0.7% lifetime risk of ever being diagnosed with a primary malignant brain/central nervous system tumor and 0.5% chance of dying from a brain/central nervous system tumor (excluding lymphomas, leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity).
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| * SEER: From birth, females have a 0.5% lifetime risk of ever being diagnosed with a primary malignant brain/central nervous system tumor and a 0.4% chance of dying from a brain/central nervous system tumor (excluding lymphomas, leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity).
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| '''Survival'''
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| * SEER(Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results): The five–year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumor (including lymphomas and leukemias, tumors of the pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) is 32.3% for males and 35.5% for females (1995–2008 data). <ref> Estimated by CBTRUS using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov) SEER*Stat Database: Incidence - SEER 17 Regs Research Data + Hurricane Katrina Impacted Louisiana Cases, Nov 2010 Sub (1973-2008 varying) - Linked To County Attributes - Total U.S., 1969-2009 Counties, National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2011 (updated 10/28/2011), based on the November 2010 submission.</ref>
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| * SEER: Five–year relative survival rates following diagnosis of a primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumor (including lymphomas and leukemias, tumors of the pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) by age of diagnosis (1995–2008 data):
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| <blockquote>
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| {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"<br>
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| |-<br>
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| | Age 0-19 years: 72.6%<br>
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| | Age 55-64 years: 17.7%<br>
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| |-<br>
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| | Age 20-44 years: 57.1%<br>
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| | Age 65-74 years: 10.0%<br>
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| |-<br>
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| | Age 45-54 years: 31.6%<br>
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| | Age 75 or older: 5.6%<br>
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| |}
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| </blockquote>
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| ===Brain tumors in infants and children===
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| In 2000 approximately 2.76 children per 100,000 will be affected by a [[brain tumor|CNS tumor]] in the United States each year. This rate has been increasing and by 2005 was 3.0 children per 100,000. This is approximately 2,500-3,000 pediatric brain tumors occurring each year in the US. The tumor incidence is increasing by about 2.7% per year.
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| The [[Central Nervous System|CNS]] Cancer survival rate in children is approximately 60%.<ref>[http://seer.cancer.gov/publications/childhood/cns.pdf See Table 11.2 Survival Rate]</ref> However, this rate varies with the age of onset (younger has higher mortality) and cancer type.
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| In children under 2, about 70% of brain tumors are [[medulloblastoma]], [[ependymoma]], and low-grade [[glioma]]. Less commonly, and seen usually in infants, are [[teratoma]] and [[ATRT|atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor]].<ref>[http://www.childhoodbraintumor.org/InfantileBrainTumors.html ''Infantile Brain Tumors'' by Brian Rood for The Childhood Brain Tumor Foundation] (accessed July 2007)</ref>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| [[Category:Brain]] | | [[Category:Brain]] |
| | [[Category:Neurology]] |
| | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Oncology]] | | [[Category:Oncology]] |
| [[Category:Neurology]] | | [[Category:Medicine]] |
| [[Category:Mature chapter]] | | [[Category:Neurosurgery]] |