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| {{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
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| Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|M|31|4|m|30}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|446.7}} |
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| ICDO = |
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| Image = Microscopic takayasu.jpg|
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| Caption = Takayasu's arteritis. <small> [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>|
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| OMIM = 207600 |
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| MedlinePlus = 001250 |
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| eMedicineSubj = med |
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| eMedicineTopic = 2232 |
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| eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|1956}} {{eMedicine2|neuro|361}} {{eMedicine2|radio|51}} |
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| DiseasesDB = 12879 |
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| MeshID = D013625 |
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| }}
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| {{Search infobox}}
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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' | | {{Takayasu's arteritis}} |
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{FKH}}, {{SHH}} |
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| {{CMG}}'''; Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}} | | {{SK}}Takayasu arteritis; pulseless disease; young female arteritis; young female arteritides; Takayasu syndrome; Takayasu disease; aortitis syndrome |
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| ==Overview== | | ==[[Takayasu's arteritis overview|Overview]]== |
| '''Takayasu's arteritis''' is an [[inflammation|inflammatory disease]] of unknown [[etiology]] that affects the [[aorta]] and its branches.
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| ==Historical Perspective== | | ==[[Takayasu's arteritis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| The first case of Takayasu’s arteritis was described in 1908 by Dr. [[Mikito Takayasu]] at the Annual Meeting of the Japan Ophthalmology Society.<ref>{{WhoNamedIt|synd|2722}}</ref><ref>M. Takayasu. A case with peculiar changes of the central retinal vessels. Acta Societatis ophthalmologicae Japonicae, Tokyo 1908, 12: 554.</ref> Dr. Takayasu described a peculiar "wreathlike" appearance of [[blood vessel]]s in the back of the eye ([[retina]]). Two Japanese colleagues at the same meeting (Dr. Onishi and Dr. Kagoshima) reported similar eye findings in patients whose [[Pulse|wrist pulse]]s were absent. It is now known that the blood vessel malformations that occur in the retina are a response ([[angiogenesis|new blood vessel growth]]) to arterial narrowings in the neck, and that the absence of pulses noted in some patients occur because of narrowings of blood vessels to the arms. The eye findings described by Takayasu are rarely seen in patients from North America.
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | | ==[[Takayasu's arteritis classification|Classification]]== |
| ===Race===
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| Although it has been reported worldwide, it shows a predilection for young Asian women. In the Western world, [[atherosclerosis]] is a more frequent cause of obstruction of the aortic arch vessels than is Takayasu's arteritis.
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| ===Age=== | | ==[[Takayasu's arteritis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| The age of onset is typically between 15 and 30 years.
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| ===Gender===
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| Females with this disease outnumber males by 8:1
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| ==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | | ==[[Takayasu's arteritis causes|Causes]]== |
| Early on, there is often an [[anemia]] and marked elevation of the [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]. This phase gradually subsides and is followed by a more [[chronic (medicine)|chronic]] stage characterized by inflammatory and obliterative changes in the aorta and its branches. The other half of patients with Takayasu's arteritis present with only late vascular changes, without an antecedent systemic illness. In the late stage, weakness of the arterial walls may give rise to localized [[aneurysm]]s.
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| ==Classification== | | ==[[Takayasu's arteritis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Takayasu's arteritis from other Diseases]]== |
| Four types of late-phase Takayasu arteritis are described on the basis of the sites of involvement as follows:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic51.htm |title=eMedicine - Arteritis, Takayasu : Article by Robert L Cirillo, Jr, MD, MBA |accessdate=2007-07-19 |format= |work=}}</ref>
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| * Type I - Classic pulseless type that involves the brachiocephalic trunk, carotid arteries, and subclavian arteries
| | ==[[Takayasu's arteritis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| * Type II - Combination of type I and III
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| * Type III - Atypical coarctation type that involves the thoracic and abdominal aortas distal to the arch and its major branches
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| * Type IV - Dilated type that involves extensive dilatation of the length of the aorta and its major branches
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==[[Takayasu's arteritis risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| ===Symptoms===
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| About half of all patients develop an initial systemic illness with [[symptom]]s of:
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| *[[Arthralgia]]
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| *[[fatigue (physical)|Fatigue]]
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| *[[Fever]]
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| *[[Malaise]]
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| *[[sleep hyperhidrosis|Night sweats]]
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| *[[Weight loss]]
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| ===Laboratory Findings=== | | ==[[Takayasu's arteritis screening|Screening]]== |
| Early on, there is often an [[anemia]] and marked elevation of the [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]].
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| ==Treatment== | | ==[[Takayasu's arteritis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| The great majority of patients with Takayasu’s arteritis respond to [[prednisone]]. The usual starting dose is approximately 1 milligram per kilogram of body weight per day (for most people, this is approximately 60 milligrams a day). Because of the significant [[Adverse effect (medicine)|side effects]] of long-term high–dose prednisone use, the starting dose is tapered over several weeks to a dose that the [[physician]] feels is tolerable for the patient.
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| | | [[Takayasu's arteritis diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis x ray|X-Ray]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis echocardiograhy and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis CT|CT Scan]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| ==External links==
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| *[http://vasculitis.med.jhu.edu/typesof/takayasu.html Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Discusses Takayasu's Arteritis]
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| *[http://www.takayasus.org Takayasu's Arteritis Research Association]
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| *[http://www.vasculitisassociation.org Vasculitis Association]
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| * {{Chorus|00389}}
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| * {{GPnotebook|-362086386}}
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| <br>
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| {{Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue}}
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| {{SIB}}
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| [[Category:Angiology]] | |
| [[Category:Cardiovascular diseases]] | |
| [[Category:Cardiology]] | |
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| | ==[[Treatment]]== |
| | [[Takayasu's arteritis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Takayasu's arteritis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| [[de:Takayasu-Arteriitis]] | | [[Category:Medicine]] |
| [[fr:Artérite de Takayasu]] | | [[Category:Rheumatology]] |
| [[ja:大動脈炎症候群]] | | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[pl:Zespół Takayasu]]
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| [[pt:Arterite de Takayasu]]
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