Acute bronchitis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
__NOTOC__
  Name        = Bronchitis |
  Image      = Bronchopneumonia and acute bronchitis.jpg |
  Caption    = Lung: Bronchopneumonia: Gross very good close-up view also acute bronchitis <small> [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small> |
  ICD10      = {{ICD10|J|20||j|20}}-{{ICD10|J|21||j|20}} |
  ICD9        = {{ICD9|466}} |
  MeshID      = D001991 |
}}
{{Acute bronchitis}}
{{Acute bronchitis}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MehdiP}}; {{NRM}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Acute bronchitis''' is characterized by symptoms related to the obstruction of the airways by the inflamed airways and the phlegm, such as shortness of breath and wheezing.
Careful history taking and physical examination may lead to specific etiologic findings.<ref name="pmid17108344">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wenzel RP, Fowler AA |title=Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=20 |pages=2125–30 |year=2006 |pmid=17108344 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp061493 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17543257">{{cite journal |vauthors=Graffelman AW, le Cessie S, Knuistingh Neven A, Wilemssen FE, Zonderland HM, van den Broek PJ |title=Can history and exam alone reliably predict pneumonia? |journal=J Fam Pract |volume=56 |issue=6 |pages=465–70 |year=2007 |pmid=17543257 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Symptoms include bronchial irritation symptoms and constitutional symptoms.
==History==
The patient presents with [[cough]] and [[wheezing]] that may have started with or without [[fever]].<ref name="pmid21121518">{{cite journal |vauthors=Albert RH |title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=82 |issue=11 |pages=1345–50 |year=2010 |pmid=21121518 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
==Symptoms==
Symptoms of acute bronchitis are typically related to irritation of airways. Sometimes, constitutional symptoms are present.<ref name="pmid21121518">{{cite journal |vauthors=Albert RH |title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=82 |issue=11 |pages=1345–50 |year=2010 |pmid=21121518 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


==Symptoms==
===Bronchial irritation symptoms===
Bronchitis may be indicated by:
*[[Cough]]
* An expectorating [[cough]]
*[[Hoarseness]]
* Shortness of breath ([[dyspnea]])
*Phlegm production
* Wheezing
<font size="1">Note: that despite common sense,phlegm production does not necessarily indicate bacterial infection.<ref name="pmid21121518">{{cite journal |vauthors=Albert RH |title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=82 |issue=11 |pages=1345–50 |year=2010 |pmid=21121518 |doi= |url=}}</ref></font>
 
===Constitutional Symptoms===
*[[Chest pain]]
*[[Fever]]
*[[Malaise]]
*[[Myalgia]]


Occasionally, it can be indicated by:
===Additional Symptoms Based on Different Pathogens<ref name="pmid17108344">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wenzel RP, Fowler AA |title=Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=20 |pages=2125–30 |year=2006 |pmid=17108344 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp061493 |url=}}</ref>===
* [[Chest pain]]
====Influenza Virus & Adenovirus====
* [[Fever]]
* [[Fever]], [[chills]], [[headache]], [[myalgia]]
* [[Fatigue (physical)|fatigue]] or [[malaise]]
* Bronchitis caused by [[Adenovirus]] may cause systemic and gastrointestinal symptoms.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/00053922.htm |title=Civilian Outbreak of Adenovirus Acute Respiratory Disease -- South Dakota, 1997 |accessdate=2007-10-08 |format= |work=}}</ref>
====Parainfluenza Virus====
* Children may present with [[stridor]] and difficultly breathing
* Common in autumn season
* Common cause of outbreak in nursing homes
====Respiratory Syncytial Virus====
* Common in winter and spring
* Family history of exposure to an infant with [[bronchiolitis]] is important.
====Rhinovirus====
* Mild symptoms
===Atypical Bacteria===
====Bordetella Pertusis====
* Commonly affects young adults
* Incubation period of 1-3 weeks
* [[Cough]] lasting > 2 weeks
* [[Fever]] uncommon


Bronchitis caused by [[Adenoviridae]] may cause systemic and gastroentestinal symptoms.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/00053922.htm |title=Civilian Outbreak of Adenovirus Acute Respiratory Disease -- South Dakota, 1997 |accessdate=2007-10-08 |format= |work=}}</ref>
====Mycoplasma Pneumoniae & Chlamydiae Pneumonia====
* Subacute onset, 2-3 week (helps in differentiating from [[influenza]])
* Common in closed environment (military bases, schools, hostels)


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 20:15, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]; Nate Michalak, B.A.

Overview

Careful history taking and physical examination may lead to specific etiologic findings.[1][2] Symptoms include bronchial irritation symptoms and constitutional symptoms.

History

The patient presents with cough and wheezing that may have started with or without fever.[3]

Symptoms

Symptoms of acute bronchitis are typically related to irritation of airways. Sometimes, constitutional symptoms are present.[3]

Bronchial irritation symptoms

Note: that despite common sense,phlegm production does not necessarily indicate bacterial infection.[3]

Constitutional Symptoms

Additional Symptoms Based on Different Pathogens[1]

Influenza Virus & Adenovirus

Parainfluenza Virus

  • Children may present with stridor and difficultly breathing
  • Common in autumn season
  • Common cause of outbreak in nursing homes

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

  • Common in winter and spring
  • Family history of exposure to an infant with bronchiolitis is important.

Rhinovirus

  • Mild symptoms

Atypical Bacteria

Bordetella Pertusis

  • Commonly affects young adults
  • Incubation period of 1-3 weeks
  • Cough lasting > 2 weeks
  • Fever uncommon

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae & Chlamydiae Pneumonia

  • Subacute onset, 2-3 week (helps in differentiating from influenza)
  • Common in closed environment (military bases, schools, hostels)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wenzel RP, Fowler AA (2006). "Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (20): 2125–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp061493. PMID 17108344.
  2. ↑ Graffelman AW, le Cessie S, Knuistingh Neven A, Wilemssen FE, Zonderland HM, van den Broek PJ (2007). "Can history and exam alone reliably predict pneumonia?". J Fam Pract. 56 (6): 465–70. PMID 17543257.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Albert RH (2010). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis". Am Fam Physician. 82 (11): 1345–50. PMID 21121518.
  4. ↑ "Civilian Outbreak of Adenovirus Acute Respiratory Disease -- South Dakota, 1997". Retrieved 2007-10-08.


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