Confusion pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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{{Confusion}} | {{Confusion}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ADI}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Confusion results from global impairment | Confusion results from global impairment of [[brain]] functions. Some areas of the brain are identified for various presentations of confusion. Drugs, poisons, and chemicals interact with the neurotransmitters and can cause confusion. Inflammatory agents are involved in conditions such as a [[fever]]. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Confusion is commonly used term for any altered mental status, inability to pay attention or making decisions. Confusion is seen in various conditions and caused by many drugs and | Confusion is a commonly used term for any kind of [[altered mental status]], inability to pay attention or to making decisions. Confusion is seen in various conditions and caused by many [[drugs]], [[poisons]], and [[chemicals]]. Various theories are postulated for the development of confusion. | ||
* Lesions involving the ascending reticular activating system causes | * Lesions involving the ascending reticular activating system causes disturbances in arousal. | ||
* Lesions involving non-dominant frontal and parietal | * Lesions involving non-dominant [[frontal lobe|frontal]] and [[parietal lobe]]s causes disturbances in attention. | ||
*Lesions of the cortex will cause | * Lesions of the [[cortex]] will cause disturbances in the insight and judgement capacity of the individual. | ||
Delirium is a type of confusional state which develops suddenly and causes rapid changes in brain function. | [[Delirium]] is a type of confusional state which develops suddenly and causes rapid changes in [[brain]] function. | ||
* | * Disturbances in the global function of the brain leads to [[delirium]]. | ||
* Certain diseases and strokes cause confusion.There | * Certain diseases and [[strokes]] cause confusion. There is evidence to support a sub cortical mechanism for confusion.<ref name="pmid7916159">{{cite journal |author=Trzepacz PT |title=The neuropathogenesis of delirium. A need to focus our research |journal=Psychosomatics |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=374–91 |year=1994 |pmid=7916159 |doi=10.1016/S0033-3182(94)71759-X |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Certain drugs have anticholinergic properties which | * Certain drugs have [[anticholinergic]] properties which can impair brain function in elderly people and when used in high doses.<ref name="pmid7730529">{{cite journal |author=Mach JR, Dysken MW, Kuskowski M, Richelson E, Holden L, Jilk KM |title=Serum anticholinergic activity in hospitalized older persons with delirium: a preliminary study |journal=J Am Geriatr Soc |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=491–5 |year=1995 |month=May |pmid=7730529 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* In conditions | * In certain conditions, post surgical recovery states can induce cytokine activation, which may be the cause for confusion. | ||
* Certain metabolic states like [[hypoglycemia]], electrolyte abnormalities, [[hypoxia]] cause global dysfunction | * Certain metabolic states like [[hypoglycemia]], electrolyte abnormalities, and [[hypoxia]] cause global brain dysfunction leading to confusion. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
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[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Psychiatry]] | |||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | |||
[[Category:Grammar]] | |||
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:54, 2 June 2015
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Confusion pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Confusion results from global impairment of brain functions. Some areas of the brain are identified for various presentations of confusion. Drugs, poisons, and chemicals interact with the neurotransmitters and can cause confusion. Inflammatory agents are involved in conditions such as a fever.
Pathophysiology
Confusion is a commonly used term for any kind of altered mental status, inability to pay attention or to making decisions. Confusion is seen in various conditions and caused by many drugs, poisons, and chemicals. Various theories are postulated for the development of confusion.
- Lesions involving the ascending reticular activating system causes disturbances in arousal.
- Lesions involving non-dominant frontal and parietal lobes causes disturbances in attention.
- Lesions of the cortex will cause disturbances in the insight and judgement capacity of the individual.
Delirium is a type of confusional state which develops suddenly and causes rapid changes in brain function.
- Disturbances in the global function of the brain leads to delirium.
- Certain diseases and strokes cause confusion. There is evidence to support a sub cortical mechanism for confusion.[1]
- Certain drugs have anticholinergic properties which can impair brain function in elderly people and when used in high doses.[2]
- In certain conditions, post surgical recovery states can induce cytokine activation, which may be the cause for confusion.
- Certain metabolic states like hypoglycemia, electrolyte abnormalities, and hypoxia cause global brain dysfunction leading to confusion.
References
- ↑ Trzepacz PT (1994). "The neuropathogenesis of delirium. A need to focus our research". Psychosomatics. 35 (4): 374–91. doi:10.1016/S0033-3182(94)71759-X. PMID 7916159.
- ↑ Mach JR, Dysken MW, Kuskowski M, Richelson E, Holden L, Jilk KM (1995). "Serum anticholinergic activity in hospitalized older persons with delirium: a preliminary study". J Am Geriatr Soc. 43 (5): 491–5. PMID 7730529. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)