Encephalopathy risk factors: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
 
(10 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:


==Overview==
==Overview==
 
Elderly patients and patients with multisystem disease are at risk for the development of encephalopathy.  
Encephalopathy is any kind of cerebral dysfunction without any signs of inflammation. Large number of conditions including metabolic, surgical, infectious factors precipitate the condition.  


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Most common cause of encephalopathy is metabolic cause. In this condition there will be increase in toxic substance to brain keeping the person at high risk of encephalopathy.
Most common cause of encephalopathy is metabolic cause. In this condition there will be increase in toxic substance to brain keeping the person at high risk of encephalopathy.


'''Common'''
* [[Liver diseases]]
* [[Liver diseases]]
* [[Renal diseases]]
* [[Kidney disease|Renal diseases]]
* Adrenal insufficiency
* [[Diabetes]]
* Meningitis
* Underlying brain condition's like [[stroke]] ,[[epilepsy]]
* Diabetes
* [[Electrolyte]] abnormalities - [[hypernatremia]], [[hyponatremia]], [[hypercalcemia]]
* Underlying brain condition's like trauma , stroke, epilepsy
* Uncontrolled [[hypertension]]
* Extreme temperatures - hypothermia, hyperthermia
* Massive [[trauma]]
* Sepsis
'''Less common'''
* Nutritional deficiency
* [[Nutritional deficiency]]
* Electrolyte abnormalities - hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia
* [[Post surgical]] status
* Post surgical status
* Severe infections
* Uncontrolled hypertension
* Massive trauma


All these factors decrease the threshold of brain and increases the chances of going into enccephalopathy. Early detection and prompt treatment of these conditions reduces mortality and morbidity.
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=3|PRECIPITATING FACTORS FOR ENCEPHALOPATHY
|-
!style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |Underlying Disease
!style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |Examples
!style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |Precipitating Factors
|-
|style="padding:5px5px;background:#DCDCDC;"|LIVER DISEASES
|Cirrhosis, Acute Liver Failure, Budd Chiari Syndrome, Hepatoma
|Dehydration, Infection, Constipation, GI Bleeding, Electrolyte Imbalance
|-
|style="padding:5px5px;background:#DCDCDC;"|RENAL DISEASES
|Renal Failure, Hyponatremia
|Electrolyte Imbalance, Uremia, Dialysis, Uncontrolled HTN, Thiamine Deficiency
|-
|style="padding:5px5px;background:#DCDCDC;"|DIABETES
|DKA
|Chronic hyperglycemia, Stress, Trauma, Infection, SGLT-2 inhibitors, Thiazide Diuretics, Acute pancreatitis
|-
|style="padding:5px5px;background:#DCDCDC;"|STROKE, EPILEPSY
|Ischemic stroke, Status Epilepticus
|Acute seizure, Acute stroke
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|22}}
{{reflist|2}}
 
<ref name="pmid19813682">{{cite journal| author=Devrajani BR, Shah SZ, Devrajani T, Kumar D| title=Precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy at a tertiary care hospital Jamshoro, Hyderabad. | journal=J Pak Med Assoc | year= 2009 | volume= 59 | issue= 10 | pages= 683-6 | pmid=19813682 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19813682  }} </ref>
 
<ref name="pmid33452">{{cite journal| author=| title=The seventh annual meeting of the Surgical Research Society of Southern Africa. Abstracts. | journal=S Afr J Surg | year= 1978 | volume= 16 | issue= 3 | pages= 201-23 | pmid=33452 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33452  }} </ref>
{{WH}}
{{cite web |url=https://bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12902-019-0398-8 |title=Metabolic encephalopathy secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis: a case report &#124; BMC Endocrine Disorders &#124; Full Text |format= |work= |accessdate=}}
<ref name="urlThe Epilepsies and Seizures: Hope Through Research | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke">{{cite web |url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Epilepsies-and-Seizures-Hope-Through#3109_18 |title=The Epilepsies and Seizures: Hope Through Research &#124; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Grammar]]

Latest revision as of 11:32, 9 July 2020

Encephalopathy

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Encephalopathy from other Diseases

Epidemiology & Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications & Prognosis

Diagnosis

Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Electroencephalogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Encephalopathy risk factors On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Encephalopathy risk factors

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Encephalopathy risk factors

CDC on Encephalopathy risk factors

Encephalopathy risk factors in the news

Blogs on Encephalopathy risk factors

Directions to Hospitals Treating Encephalopathy

Risk calculators and risk factors for Encephalopathy risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Elderly patients and patients with multisystem disease are at risk for the development of encephalopathy.

Risk Factors

Most common cause of encephalopathy is metabolic cause. In this condition there will be increase in toxic substance to brain keeping the person at high risk of encephalopathy.

Common

Less common

PRECIPITATING FACTORS FOR ENCEPHALOPATHY
Underlying Disease Examples Precipitating Factors
LIVER DISEASES Cirrhosis, Acute Liver Failure, Budd Chiari Syndrome, Hepatoma Dehydration, Infection, Constipation, GI Bleeding, Electrolyte Imbalance
RENAL DISEASES Renal Failure, Hyponatremia Electrolyte Imbalance, Uremia, Dialysis, Uncontrolled HTN, Thiamine Deficiency
DIABETES DKA Chronic hyperglycemia, Stress, Trauma, Infection, SGLT-2 inhibitors, Thiazide Diuretics, Acute pancreatitis
STROKE, EPILEPSY Ischemic stroke, Status Epilepticus Acute seizure, Acute stroke

References

[1] [2] "Metabolic encephalopathy secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis: a case report | BMC Endocrine Disorders | Full Text". [3]Template:WH Template:WS

  1. ↑ Devrajani BR, Shah SZ, Devrajani T, Kumar D (2009). "Precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy at a tertiary care hospital Jamshoro, Hyderabad". J Pak Med Assoc. 59 (10): 683–6. PMID 19813682.
  2. ↑ "The seventh annual meeting of the Surgical Research Society of Southern Africa. Abstracts". S Afr J Surg. 16 (3): 201–23. 1978. PMID 33452.
  3. ↑ "The Epilepsies and Seizures: Hope Through Research | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke".
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Encephalopathy_risk_factors&oldid=1623424"