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| {{Infobox_Disease |
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| | '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' |
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| {{Search infobox}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview==
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[User: Prashanthsaddala|Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S]] |
| | {{Weight gain}} |
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| '''Weight gain''' is an increase in [[body weight]]. It is generally caused by the intake of excess calories, little exercise, or may be caused by a medical condition. One exception is [[bodybuilding]], in which muscle is gained by workout routines. With a large differential diagnosis, weight gain is a prevalent complaint among adult patients.
| | ==[[Weight gain overview|Overview]]== |
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| It may be intentional or unintentional, sometimes for muscle building, or for health reasons, i.e. increasing body fat percentage to a healthy amount. Intentional reasons may include gaining weight to get to a healthy weight, bodybuilding, and recovery for eating disorders like Anorexia Nervousa.
| | ==[[Weight gain pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| See also [[obesity]] for a full discussion.
| | ==[[Weight gain causes|Causes]]== |
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| == Symptoms == | | ==[[Weight gain risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| * A noticibly larger, rounder [[stomach]].
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| * Increase in [[body fat percentage]].
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| * Increase in muscle mass.
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| * Increase in body hydration levels.
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| ==Causes== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| ===Common Causes===
| | [[Weight gain history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Weight gain physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Weight gain laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Weight gain other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| ===Causes by Organ System=== | | ==Treatment== |
| (By organ system)
| | [[Weight gain medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Weight gain surgery|Surgery]] | [[Weight gain primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Weight gain secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Weight gain cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Weight gain future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Alstrom syndrome]], [[Heart failure ]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypertrichosis brachydactyly obesity and mental retardation]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone]], [[Aldesleukin ]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Amisulpride]], [[Amitriptyline]], [[Anastrozole ]], [[Aripiprazole ]], [[Asenapine]], [[Atenolol]], [[Azelastine]], [[Bisoprolol ]], [[Bosentan ]], [[Carteolol ]], [[Carvedilol ]], [[Chlorpropamide]], [[Chlorprothixene]], [[Ciprofloxacin]], [[Clomiphene ]], [[Clomipramine]], [[Clozapine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cyclosporine ]], [[Cyproheptadine]], [[Cyproterone]], [[Danazol]], [[Desonide]], [[Desoximetasone ]], [[Dexamethasone]], [[Diclofenac]], [[Dienogest]], [[Diflunisal ]], [[Disopyramide]], [[Docetaxel ]], [[Doxazosin ]], [[Doxepin]], [[Escitalopram]], [[Estrogen Injection]], [[Ethinylestradiol]], [[Etodolac ]], [[Fenoprofen ]], [[Fentanyl]], [[Fludrocortisone acetate ]], [[Gabapentin]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Glatiramer]], [[Glucocorticoid]], [[Goserelin]], [[Haloperidol]], [[Hormone replacement therapy]], [[Hydralazine ]], [[Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Hydrocortisone]], [[Iloperidone]], [[Imatinib]], [[Imipramine]], [[Implanon]], [[Indomethacin]], [[Insulin]], [[Interferon beta-1a ]], [[Interferon beta-1b ]], [[Itraconazole]], [[Ketorolac]], [[Ketotifen]], [[Labetalol]], [[Levobunolol]], [[Levomepromazine]], [[Lithium ]], [[Lofepramine]], [[Maprotiline]], [[Meclofenamate]], [[Medroxyprogesterone]], [[Mefenamic acid]], [[Megestrol ]], [[Meglitinide]], [[Mesoridazine]], [[Methylprednisolone]], [[Metoprolol]], [[Mianserin]], [[Minoxidil]], [[Misoprostol]], [[Nabumetone]], [[Nadolol]], [[Nialamide]], [[Norplant]], [[NuvaRing]], [[Olanzapine]], [[Oprelvekin]], [[Oxandrolone]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Oxymetholone]], [[Paliperidone]], [[Paroxetine]], [[Perphenazine]], [[Phenelzine]], [[Phenothiazine]], [[Pindolol]], [[Pioglitazone]], [[Piroxicam]], [[Pizotifen]], [[Prednisolone]], [[Pregabalin]], [[Progesterone]], [[Propranolol]], [[Quetiapine]], [[Ractopamine]], [[Reserpine]], [[Risperidone]], [[Rituximab]], [[Rofecoxib]], [[Rosiglitazone]], [[Salsalate]], [[Sargramostim]], [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]], [[Sertindole ]], [[Sertraline]], [[Sirolimus ]], [[St John's wort]], [[Steroid medications]], [[Sulfonylureas]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sunitinib ]], [[Temozolomide ]], [[Terazosin]], [[Thiazolidinedione]], [[Thioridazine ]], [[Thiothixene]], [[Timolol]], [[Trazodone]], [[Trestolone]], [[Tretinoin]], [[Triamcinolone oral]], [[Tricyclic antidepressants]], [[Trifluoperazine]], [[Trifluperidol]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Venlafaxine]], [[Vigabatrin]], [[Ziprasidone]], [[Zotepine]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |
| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Metaphyseal dysostosis mental retardation conductive deafness ]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Opthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |}
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| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | | ==Case Studies== |
| | | [[Weight gain case study one|Case #1]] |
| Causes include; <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
| | {{WH}} |
| | | {{WS}} |
| '''Acute or chronic [[Liver Disease]]'''
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| *Decreased hepatic protein production causes a decrease in intravascular oncotic pressure
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| *Leads to edema, ascites etc.
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| '''[[Congestive Heart Failure]]'''<br>
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| '''[[Cushing's Syndrome]]'''<br>
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| *Cortisol levels may be elevated due to
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| :*Adrenocorticotropic hormones secreting adrenal adenoma
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| :*Adrenal hyperplasia
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| :*Adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting ectopic tumor
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| '''[[Diabetes Mellitus]]'''<br>
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| '''Hyperplasia'''<br>
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| *Due to [[Hyperthyroidism]]
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| '''Hypothalamic lesions'''<br>
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| '''Growth hormone deficiency'''<br>
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| '''Medication side effects'''<br>
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| *Oral contraceptives
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| *Corticosteroids
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| *Antidepressants
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| '''Premenstrual syndrome'''<br>
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| '''Pregnancy'''<br>
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| '''Pre-eclampsia/[[Eclampsia]]'''<br>
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| '''[[Polycystic Ovary Syndrome]]'''<br>
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| *Hirsutism
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| *Irregular menstrual cycle
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| *Insulin resistance
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| *[[Obesity]]
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| == Laboratory Findings ==
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| *fasting glucose
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| *urinealysis
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| *U&E
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| *Random cortisol
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| == Primary Prevention ==
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| *Low calorie diet and excercise
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| == Acknowledgements ==
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| The content on this page was first contributed by {{CMG}}
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| List of contributors:
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| ----
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| == Suggested Reading and Key General References ==
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| == Suggested Links and Web Resources ==
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| == For Patients ==
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| {{SIB}}
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| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | |
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| [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] |
| [[Category:Neurology]] | | [[Category:Neurology]] |
| [[Category:Endocrinology]] | | [[Category:Endocrinology]] |
| | [[Category:Symptoms]] |
| [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | | [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] |
| [[Category:Obstetrics]] | | [[Category:Obstetrics]] |