Leukonychia: Difference between revisions

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	Leukonychia;
ICD-10	L60
ICD-9	703
OMIM	151600
DiseasesDB	7207
MedlinePlus	003247

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 18:15, 9 June 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Leuconychia

Overview

Leukonychia is a medical term for white discoloration appearing on nails. It is derived from the Greek words Leuko white and Onyx nail. The most common cause is injury to the base of the nail (the matrix) where the nail is formed.

Classification

Leukonychia Totalis: This condition is a whitening of the entire nail. This may be due to hypoalbuminaemia, a genetic condition, or a side effect of sulphonamides, a family of antibiotics.^[1]

Leukonychia Partialis: This condition is whitening of parts of the nail. There are several types of this condition.

Leukonychia Striata or Transverse Leukonychia: This is a whitening or discoloration of the nail in bands or "stria". It may be caused by cirrhosis, chemotherapy, or physical injury to the nail matrix. (i.e. excessive nail "tapping" or slamming in a car door).^[2]

This condition looks similar to Mee's lines, a condition caused by Arsenic, Lead, or other heavy metal poisoning.

True Leukonychia: This is the most common form of Leukonychia, small white spots on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters. In most cases, when white spots appear on a single or a couple of fingers or toes, the most common cause is injury to the base (matrix) of the nail. When this is the case, white spots disappear after around eight months, which is the amount of time necessary for nails to regrow completely.^[3]

White spots showing up on all or nearly all nails for longer periods of time (months and years) can be due to one of several reasons. One common explanation is zinc deficiency.^[4]

Pathophysiology

Associated Conditions

Causes

Causes In Alphabetical Order

Diagnosis

Past Medical History

A doctor will take a thorough medical history, and may test liver and kidney function.

Physical Examination

Skin

Hand

Leukonychia. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.^[5]
Leukonychia. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.^[5]

Treatment

Pharmacotherapy

Chronic Pharmacotherapies

If a zinc deficiency is identified, a diet rich in zinc or zinc supplements may be administered.

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[1] ttp://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35571/image.htm

[2] ttp://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35559/image.htm

[3] The Nail Geek: My Big Fat Greek Leukonychia

[4] What Are These White Spots?

[Dermatology_Atlas-5] 5.0 ^5.1 "Dermatology Atlas".

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Image:Leukonychia.jpg|thumb]]
+__NOTOC__
-'''Leukonychia''' (or '''Leuconychia''') is a medical term for white discoloration appearing on [[nail (anatomy)|nails]].  It is derived from the Greek words ''Leuko'' '''white''' and ''Onyx'' '''nail'''.  The most common cause is injury to the base of the nail (the matrix) where the nail is formed.
+{{Infobox_Disease |
+  Name           = {{PAGENAME}} |
+  Image          = Leukonychia.jpg|
+  Caption        = |
+  DiseasesDB     = 7207 |
+  ICD10          = {{ICD10|L|60||l|60}} |
+  ICD9           = {{ICD9|703}} |
+  ICDO           = |
+  OMIM           = 151600                        |
+  MedlinePlus    = 003247 |
+  MeshID         = |
+}}
+{{SI}}
-==Types of Leukonychia==
+{{CMG}};{{AE}} {{KS}}
-===Leukonychia Totalis===
+'''''Synonyms and keywords:''''' Leuconychia
+==Overview==
+'''Leukonychia''' is a medical term for white discoloration appearing on [[nail (anatomy)|nails]].  It is derived from the Greek words ''Leuko'' '''white''' and ''Onyx'' '''nail'''.  The most common cause is injury to the base of the nail (the matrix) where the nail is formed.
+==Classification==
+'''Leukonychia Totalis:'''
 This condition is a whitening of the entire nail.  This may be due to hypoalbuminaemia, a [[Genetics|genetic]] condition, or a side effect of [[sulphonamides]], a family of [[antibiotics]].<ref>http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35571/image.htm</ref>
-===Leukonychia Partialis===
+'''Leukonychia Partialis:'''
 This condition is whitening of parts of the nail.  There are several types of this condition.
-====Leukonychia Striata or Transverse Leukonychia====
+'''Leukonychia Striata or Transverse Leukonychia:'''
 This is a whitening or discoloration of the nail in bands or "stria".  It may be caused by [[cirrhosis]], [[chemotherapy]], or physical injury to the nail matrix.  (i.e. excessive nail "tapping" or slamming in a car door).<ref>http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35559/image.htm</ref>
 This condition looks similar to [[Mee's lines]], a condition caused by [[Arsenic]], [[Lead]], or other [[heavy metal]] poisoning.
-===='True' Leukonychia====
+'''True Leukonychia:'''
 This is the most common form of Leukonychia, small white spots on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters.
 In most cases, when white spots appear on a single or a couple of fingers or toes, the most common cause is injury to the base (matrix) of the nail. When this is the case, white spots disappear after around eight months, which is the amount of time necessary for nails to regrow completely.<ref>[http://www.thenailgeek.com/articles/6245-my-big-fat-greek-leukonychia.html The Nail Geek: My Big Fat Greek Leukonychia]</ref>
 White spots showing up on all or nearly all nails for longer periods of time (months and years) can be due to one of several reasons. One common explanation is [[zinc]] deficiency.<ref>[http://www.webmd.com/content/article/42/1689_50294.htm?lastselectedguid={5FE84E90-BC77-4056-A91C-9531713CA348 What Are These White Spots?]</ref>
+==Pathophysiology==
+===Associated Conditions===
+*[[Kidney disease]]
+*[[Liver disease]]
+==Causes==
+===Causes In Alphabetical Order===
+*[[Anemia]]
+*[[Arsenic poisoning]]
+*[[Calcium deficiency]]
+*[[Heart disease|Cardiac Diseases]]
+*[[Cirrhosis]]
+*[[Congenital isolated nail dysplasia]]
+*[[Darier's disease]]
+*[[Fever]]
+*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
+*[[Iron deficiency]]
+*[[Leprosy]]
+*[[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Mycosis]]
+*[[Nitrate]] [[solution]]
+*[[Silver]] [[solution]]
+*[[Sulphonamides]]
+*[[Noxa]]
+*[[Steatocystoma multiplex]]
+*[[Trauma]]
+*[[Vitiligo]]
+*[[Witkop syndrome]]
+*[[Zinc deficiency]]
 ==Diagnosis==
-A doctor will take a thorough [[medical history]], and may test [[liver]] and [[kidney]] function.
+===Past Medical History===
+A doctor will take a thorough [[medical history]], and may test [[liver]] and [[kidney]] function.
+====Physical Examination====
+=====Skin=====
+======Hand======
+<gallery>
+Image:Leukonychia01.jpg|Leukonychia. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image:Leukonychia02.jpg|Leukonychia. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+</gallery>
 ==Treatment==
-If a zinc deficiency is identified, a diet rich in zinc or zinc supplements may be administered.
+===Pharmacotherapy===
+====Chronic Pharmacotherapies====
+If a [[zinc deficiency]] is identified, a diet rich in zinc or zinc supplements may be administered.
 ==References==
-<references/>
+{{Reflist|2}}
-*[http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35556/diagnose.htm Leukonychia Striata information]
-* [http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35570/diagnose.htm Leukonychia Totalis information]
-* [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/333/2/100 New England Journal of Medicine: Transverse Leukonychia]
-* [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/467074 Medscape Today: Traumatic Transverse Leukonychia]
-==External links==
-* [http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a3_035.html The Straight Dope: What causes white spots on your fingernails?]
-<!--Leukonychia is not actually a "disease," but it's unclear where else to categorize this article.-->
 [[Category:Nail diseases]]
+[[Category:Medical signs]]
+[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
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 {{WikiDoc Sources}}


Leukonychia
ICD-10	L60
ICD-9	703
OMIM	151600
DiseasesDB	7207
MedlinePlus	003247