Mycobacterium chelonae: Difference between revisions
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{{Taxobox | {{Taxobox | ||
| name = ''Mycobacterium chelonae'' | | name = ''Mycobacterium chelonae'' | ||
| Line 12: | Line 11: | ||
| binomial_authority = Bergey et al. 1923, ATCC 35752 | | binomial_authority = Bergey et al. 1923, ATCC 35752 | ||
}} | }} | ||
__NOTOC__ | |||
{{SI}} | {{SI}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Mycobacterium chelonae is a species of the phylum [[actinobacteria]] ([[Gram-positive]] [[bacteria]] with high [[G+C ratio|guanine and cytosine content]], one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus [[mycobacterium]]. | |||
==Causes== | |||
* Mycobacterium chelonae is a rapidly growing [[mycobacterium]], that is found all throughout the environment including sewage and tap water. | |||
* It can occasionally cause [[opportunistic infection]]s of humans. It is grouped in Runyon group IV. | |||
It is grouped in Runyon group IV. | * [[Biological type|Type strain]]: strain CM 6388 = [[American Type Culture Collection|ATCC]] 35752 = CCUG 47445 = CIP 104535 = DSM 43804 = JCM 6388 = NCTC 946. | ||
==Epidemiology== | |||
[[Biological type|Type strain]]: strain CM 6388 = [[American Type Culture Collection|ATCC]] 35752 = CCUG 47445 = CIP 104535 = DSM 43804 = JCM 6388 = NCTC 946. | * On average, 2 cases of nonpulmonary M. chelonae infection are reported in South Australia each year.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.3201/eid1909.120898 |pmid=23968779 |pmc=3810901 |title=Mycobacterium chelonae ''Abscesses'' Associated with Biomesotherapy, Australia, 2008 |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |volume=19 |issue=9 |year=2013 |last1=Ivan |first1=Mihaela |last2=Dancer |first2=Craig |last3=Koehler |first3=Ann P. |last4=Hobby |first4=Michaela |last5=Lease |first5=Chris }}</ref> | ||
==Treatment== | |||
===Antimicrobial Regimen=== | |||
* 1. ''' Localized infections''' <ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref> | |||
:* Preferred regimen: [[Clarithromycin]] 500 mg PO BID | |||
:* Alternative regimen: [[Azithromycin]] | |||
* 2. '''Disseminated or extensive disease''' | |||
:* 2.1 monotherapy | |||
::* Preferred regimen: [[Clarithromycin]] 500 mg PO BID | |||
:* 2.2 multidrug therapy | |||
::* Preferred regimen: [[Clarithromycin]] 500 mg PO BID {{and}} [[Tobramycin]] 5 mg IV/kg/day PO {{or}} [[Imipenem]] 0.5-1 g IV q6h {{or}} [[Linezolid]] 600 mg IV/PO BID for 4-8 weeks | |||
::* Alternative regimen: [[Moxifloxacin]] 400 mg PO qd {{and}} [[Linezolid]] 600 mg PO BID | |||
::* Note (1): During initial treatment, multidrug therapy may prevent development of acquired resistance | |||
::* Note (2): Total treatment duration is 6 months | |||
* 3. '''Keratitis (LASIK-related)''' | |||
:* Preferred regimen: [[Clarithromycin]] 500 mg PO BID {{and}} topicals ([[Tobramycin]] 0.3%, 2 gtts q4h {{and}} [[Gatifloxacin]] 0.3%, 1 gtt q4h {{or}} [[Moxifloxacin]] 0.5%, 1 gtt q4h | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Acid fast bacilli]] | [[Category:Acid fast bacilli]] | ||
[[Category:Nontuberculous mycobacteria]] | [[Category:Nontuberculous mycobacteria]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious Disease Project]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 16:05, 10 August 2015
| style="background:#Template:Taxobox colour;"|Mycobacterium chelonae | ||||||||||||||
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| style="background:#Template:Taxobox colour;" | Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
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| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Mycobacterium chelonae Bergey et al. 1923, ATCC 35752 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Mycobacterium chelonae is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.
Causes
- Mycobacterium chelonae is a rapidly growing mycobacterium, that is found all throughout the environment including sewage and tap water.
- It can occasionally cause opportunistic infections of humans. It is grouped in Runyon group IV.
- Type strain: strain CM 6388 = ATCC 35752 = CCUG 47445 = CIP 104535 = DSM 43804 = JCM 6388 = NCTC 946.
Epidemiology
- On average, 2 cases of nonpulmonary M. chelonae infection are reported in South Australia each year.[1]
Treatment
Antimicrobial Regimen
- 1. Localized infections [2]
- Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin 500 mg PO BID
- Alternative regimen: Azithromycin
- 2. Disseminated or extensive disease
- 2.1 monotherapy
- Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin 500 mg PO BID
- 2.2 multidrug therapy
- Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin 500 mg PO BID AND Tobramycin 5 mg IV/kg/day PO OR Imipenem 0.5-1 g IV q6h OR Linezolid 600 mg IV/PO BID for 4-8 weeks
- Alternative regimen: Moxifloxacin 400 mg PO qd AND Linezolid 600 mg PO BID
- Note (1): During initial treatment, multidrug therapy may prevent development of acquired resistance
- Note (2): Total treatment duration is 6 months
- 3. Keratitis (LASIK-related)
- Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin 500 mg PO BID AND topicals (Tobramycin 0.3%, 2 gtts q4h AND Gatifloxacin 0.3%, 1 gtt q4h OR Moxifloxacin 0.5%, 1 gtt q4h
References
- ↑ Ivan, Mihaela; Dancer, Craig; Koehler, Ann P.; Hobby, Michaela; Lease, Chris (2013). "Mycobacterium chelonae Abscesses Associated with Biomesotherapy, Australia, 2008". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 19 (9). doi:10.3201/eid1909.120898. PMC 3810901. PMID 23968779.
- ↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.