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==Overview==
==[[Achilles tendinitis overview|Overview]]==
'''Achilles tendinitis''' is [[tendinitis]] of the [[Achilles tendon]], generally precipitated by overuse of the affected limb and is more common among athletes training under less than ideal conditions. It should not be confused with [[xanthoma]] of the tendon, which is the accumulation of [[cholesterol]] in patients with [[familial hypercholesterolemia]]. 
==[[Achilles tendinitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Achilles tendinitis causes|Causes]]==
The Achilles tendon does not have good blood supply or cell activity, so this injury can be slow to heal. The tendon receives nutrients from the tendon sheath or paratendon. When an injury occurs to the tendon, cells from surrounding structures migrate into the tendon to assist in repair. Some of these cells come from blood vessels that enter the tendon to provide direct blood flow to increase healing. With the blood vessels come nerve fibers. Researchers believe these nerve fibers to be the cause of the pain.
==[[Achilles tendinitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Achilles tendinitis from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Achilles tendinitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
Treatment is possible with ice, [[cold compression therapy]], wearing heel pads to reduce the strain on the tendon, and an exercise routine designed to strengthen the tendon.  Seeing a professional for treatment as soon as possible is important, because this injury can lead to an Achilles tendon rupture with continued overuse. Treatment may include [[Cold compression therapy]], [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]s, such as ibuprofen, ultrasound therapy, [[manual therapy]] techniques, a [[Physical therapy|rehabilitation]] program, and in rare cases, application of a plaster cast. [[Steroid]] injection is sometimes used, but must be done after careful, expert consideration because it can increase the risk of tendon rupture. Severe cases may require surgery from an orthopedic surgeon.
==[[Achilles tendinitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Achilles tendinitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
High load [[Muscle contraction#Eccentric contraction|eccentric contractions]] have recently been shown to be very effective at decreasing the pain and strengthening the tendon.<ref>Heavy-Load Eccentric Calf Muscle Training For the Treatment of Chronic Achilles Tendinosis [http://ajsm.highwire.org/cgi/content/abstract/26/3/360 on-line]</ref><ref>Effectiveness of physical therapy for Achilles tendinopathy: An evidence based review of eccentric exercises [http://iospress.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0959-3020&volume=14&issue=1&spage=71 on-line]</ref>
==Diagnosis==
[[Achilles tendinitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Achilles tendinitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Achilles tendinitis x ray|X Ray]] | [[Achilles tendinitis MRI|MRI]]


Prevention includes following appropriate exercise habits and wearing low-heeled shoes. An athletic trainer or physical trainer can prescribe safe exercise methods.
==Treatment==
[[Achilles tendinitis non medical therapy|Non Medical Therapy]] | [[Achilles tendinitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Achilles tendinitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Achilles tendinitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Achilles tendinitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Achilles tendinitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==References==
==Case Studies==
{{Reflist|2}}
:[[Achilles tendinitis case study one|Case #1]]


{{Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue}}
{{Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue}}

Latest revision as of 16:07, 25 October 2012

For patient information click here

Achilles tendinitis
ICD-10 M76.6
ICD-9 726.71
DiseasesDB 31726

Achilles tendinitis Microchapters

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Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Achilles tendinitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

X Ray

MRI

Treatment

Non Medical Therapy

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Achilles tendinitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | X Ray | MRI

Treatment

Non Medical Therapy | Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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