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{{Acoustic neuroma}}
{{Acoustic neuroma}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Acoustic neuromas]] are more common in adults, and rarely occur in children. The causes of acoustic neuromas are largely unknown. Relatively few studies have addressed this specific [[tumor]] type, as acoustic neuromas are seldom analyzed separately in risk factor analyses and are more often grouped under the general heading of [[brain tumors]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Forssén UM, Lönn S, Ahlbom A, Savitz DA, Feychting M |title=Occupational magnetic field exposure and the risk of acoustic neuroma |journal=Am. J. Ind. Med. |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=112–8 |year=2006 |month=February |pmid=16374820|doi=10.1002/ajim.20251 |url=}}</ref>[[Ionizing radiation]] exposure is the only well-established exogenous risk factor for acoustic neuroma and has been confirmed in studies of radiation treatments and dental X-rays.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Preston DL, Ron E, Yonehara S, ''et al.'' |title=Tumors of the nervous system and pituitary gland associated with atomic bomb radiation exposure |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. |volume=94 |issue=20 |pages=1555–63 |year=2002 |month=October |pmid=12381708 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ron E, Modan B, Boice JD, ''et al.'' |title=Tumors of the brain and nervous system after radiotherapy in childhood |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=319 |issue=16 |pages=1033–9 |year=1988 |month=October |pmid=3173432 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198810203191601 |url=}}</ref>Individuals who underwent radiation treatment of [[tinea capitis]] during childhood were found to develop an excess of [[benign]] and [[malignant]] [[brain tumors]] of various [[histological]] types, including acoustic neuromas<ref>{{cite journal |author=Edwards CG, Schwartzbaum JA, Lönn S, Ahlbom A, Feychting M |title=Exposure to loud noise and risk of acoustic neuroma |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=163 |issue=4 |pages=327–33 |year=2006 |month=February |pmid=16357108 |doi=10.1093/aje/kwj044 |url=}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |author=Ron E, Modan B, Boice JD, ''et al.'' |title=Tumors of the brain and nervous system after radiotherapy in childhood |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=319 |issue=16 |pages=1033–9 |year=1988 |month=October |pmid=3173432 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198810203191601 |url=}}</ref> In addition, a study of atomic bomb survivors found that the [[intracranial]] tumor subtype most strongly related to ionizing radiation exposure was acoustic neuroma <ref>{{cite journal |author=Preston DL, Ron E, Yonehara S, ''et al.'' |title=Tumors of the nervous system and pituitary gland associated with atomic bomb radiation exposure |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. |volume=94 |issue=20 |pages=1555–63 |year=2002 |month=October |pmid=12381708 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |author=Ron E, Modan B, Boice JD, ''et al.'' |title=Tumors of the brain and nervous system after radiotherapy in childhood |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=319 |issue=16 |pages=1033–9 |year=1988 |month=October |pmid=3173432 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198810203191601 |url=}}</ref>. A statistically significant dose-related excess of nervous system tumors, including schwannomas was observed in the cohort of atomic bomb survivors<ref>{{cite journal |author=Preston DL, Ron E, Yonehara S, ''et al.'' |title=Tumors of the nervous system and pituitary gland associated with atomic bomb radiation exposure |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. |volume=94 |issue=20 |pages=1555–63 |year=2002 |month=October |pmid=12381708 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. The excess [[relative risk]] per [[sievert (Sv)]] of absorbed dose for schwannomas was 4.5 (95 percent confidence interval: 1.9, 9.2) and the dose-response relationship was linear. Exposure to even moderate doses (i.e. <1 Sv) of radiation was associated with an elevated incidence of nervous system tumors, including Schwannomas. The association between the [[non-ionizing radiation]] from cellular telephones and the risk of acoustic neuroma has been examined in several studies. However, the evidence of an association so far is limited. Elevated risk of acoustic neuromas has been associated with specific [[occupations]] such as truck drivers, gas station attendants, sales representatives, and teachers<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rajaraman P, De Roos AJ, Stewart PA, ''et al.'' |title=Occupation and risk of meningioma and acoustic neuroma in the United States |journal=Am. J. Ind. Med. |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=395–407 |year=2004 |month=May |pmid=15095422 |doi=10.1002/ajim.10363 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Preston-Martin S, Thomas DC, Wright WE, Henderson BE |title=Noise trauma in the aetiology of acoustic neuromas in men in Los Angeles County, 1978-1985 |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages=783–6 |year=1989 |month=May |pmid=2736213 |pmc=2247243 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. However, it remains unclear what specific environmental exposure within those occupations is responsible for the increased risk. Exposure to loud noise has been suggested as a potential risk factor for acoustic neuromas in two studies<ref>{{cite journal |author=Edwards CG, Schwartzbaum JA, Lönn S, Ahlbom A, Feychting M |title=Exposure to loud noise and risk of acoustic neuroma |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=163 |issue=4 |pages=327–33 |year=2006 |month=February |pmid=16357108 |doi=10.1093/aje/kwj044 |url=}}</ref>
Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of acoustic neuroma are [[neurofibromatosis type 2]] and [[radiation]] exposure. Less common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] include sporadic defects in [[Tumor suppressor gene|tumor suppressor genes]], exposure to loud noise, history of [[parathyroid adenoma]], and the use of cellular phones.
<ref>{{cite journal |author=Preston-Martin S, Thomas DC, Wright WE, Henderson BE |title=Noise trauma in the aetiology of acoustic neuromas in men in Los Angeles County, 1978-1985 |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages=783–6 |year=1989 |month=May |pmid=2736213 |pmc=2247243 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
==Risk Factors==
 
=== Common Risk Factors ===
*[[Neurofibromatosis type II|Neurofibromatosis type 2]]<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Michael E. Sughrue]], [[Andrea H. Yeung]], [[Martin J. Rutkowski]], [[Steven W. Cheung]] & [[Andrew T. Parsa]]
| title = Molecular biology of familial and sporadic vestibular schwannomas: implications for novel therapeutics
| journal = [[Journal of neurosurgery]]
| volume = 114
| issue = 2
| pages = 359–366
| year = 2011
| month = February
| doi = 10.3171/2009.10.JNS091135
| pmid = 19943731
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[M. Ruggieri]], [[A. D. Pratico]], [[A. Serra]], [[L. Maiolino]], [[S. Cocuzza]], [[P. Di Mauro]], [[L. Licciardello]], [[P. Milone]], [[G. Privitera]], [[G. Belfiore]], [[M. Di Pietro]], [[F. Di Raimondo]], [[A. Romano]], [[A. Chiarenza]], [[M. Muglia]], [[A. Polizzi]] & [[D. G. Evans]]
| title = Childhood neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and related disorders: from bench to bedside and biologically targeted therapies
| journal = [[Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale]]
| volume = 36
| issue = 5
| pages = 345–367
| year = 2016
| month = October
| doi = 10.14639/0392-100X-1093
| pmid = 27958595
}}</ref>
*Childhood exposure to [[radiation]] of the [[head]] and [[neck]]<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Arthur B. Schneider]], [[Elaine Ron]], [[Jay Lubin]], [[Marilyn Stovall]], [[Eileen Shore-Freedman]], [[Jocelyn Tolentino]] & [[Barbara J. Collins]]
| title = Acoustic neuromas following childhood radiation treatment for benign conditions of the head and neck
| journal = [[Neuro-oncology]]
| volume = 10
| issue = 1
| pages = 73–78
| year = 2008
| month = February
| doi = 10.1215/15228517-2007-047
| pmid = 18079359
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[E. Shore-Freedman]], [[C. Abrahams]], [[W. Recant]] & [[A. B. Schneider]]
| title = Neurilemomas and salivary gland tumors of the head and neck following childhood irradiation
| journal = [[Cancer]]
| volume = 51
| issue = 12
| pages = 2159–2163
| year = 1983
| month = June
| pmid = 6850504
}}</ref>
*Exposure to high-dose [[ionizing radiation]]<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Oyebode Taiwo]], [[Deron Galusha]], [[Baylah Tessier-Sherman]], [[Sharon Kirsche]], [[Linda Cantley]], [[Martin D. Slade]], [[Mark R. Cullen]] & [[A. Michael Donoghue]]
| title = Acoustic neuroma: potential risk factors and audiometric surveillance in the aluminium industry
| journal = [[Occupational and environmental medicine]]
| volume = 71
| issue = 9
| pages = 624–628
| year = 2014
| month = September
| doi = 10.1136/oemed-2014-102094
| pmid = 25015928
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Mantao Chen]], [[Zuoxu Fan]], [[Xiujue Zheng]], [[Fei Cao]] & [[Liang Wang]]
| title = Risk Factors of Acoustic Neuroma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
| journal = [[Yonsei medical journal]]
| volume = 57
| issue = 3
| pages = 776–783
| year = 2016
| month = May
| doi = 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.776
| pmid = 26996581
}}</ref>  
 
=== Less Common Risk Factors ===
*Sporadic defects in [[Tumor suppressor gene|tumor suppressor genes]] in some individuals
*Exposure to loud noise on a consistent basis<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Colin G. Edwards]], [[Judith A. Schwartzbaum]], [[Stefan Lonn]], [[Anders Ahlbom]] & [[Maria Feychting]]
| title = Exposure to loud noise and risk of acoustic neuroma
| journal = [[American journal of epidemiology]]
| volume = 163
| issue = 4
| pages = 327–333
| year = 2006
| month = February
| doi = 10.1093/aje/kwj044
| pmid = 16357108
}}</ref>
*A concomitant history of having had a [[parathyroid]] [[adenoma]]<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[L. Magnus Backlund]], [[Dan Grander]], [[Lena Brandt]], [[Per Hall]] & [[Anders Ekbom]]
| title = Parathyroid adenoma and primary CNS tumors
| journal = [[International journal of cancer]]
| volume = 113
| issue = 6
| pages = 866–869
| year = 2005
| month = March
| doi = 10.1002/ijc.20743
| pmid = 15515018
}}</ref>
*The use of cellular phones<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Seung-Kwon Myung]], [[Woong Ju]], [[Diana D. McDonnell]], [[Yeon Ji Lee]], [[Gene Kazinets]], [[Chih-Tao Cheng]] & [[Joel M. Moskowitz]]
| title = Mobile phone use and risk of tumors: a meta-analysis
| journal = [[Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology]]
| volume = 27
| issue = 33
| pages = 5565–5572
| year = 2009
| month = November
| doi = 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.6366
| pmid = 19826127
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[M. P. Little]], [[P. Rajaraman]], [[R. E. Curtis]], [[S. S. Devesa]], [[P. D. Inskip]], [[D. P. Check]] & [[M. S. Linet]]
| title = Mobile phone use and glioma risk: comparison of epidemiological study results with incidence trends in the United States
| journal = [[BMJ (Clinical research ed.)]]
| volume = 344
| pages = e1147
| year = 2012
| month = March
| doi = 10.1136/bmj.e1147
| pmid = 22403263
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Isabelle Deltour]], [[Anssi Auvinen]], [[Maria Feychting]], [[Christoffer Johansen]], [[Lars Klaeboe]], [[Risto Sankila]] & [[Joachim Schuz]]
| title = Mobile phone use and incidence of glioma in the Nordic countries 1979-2008: consistency check
| journal = [[Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)]]
| volume = 23
| issue = 2
| pages = 301–307
| year = 2012
| month = March
| doi = 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182448295
| pmid = 22249239
}}</ref><ref name="BaanGrosse2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baan|first1=Robert|last2=Grosse|first2=Yann|last3=Lauby-Secretan|first3=Béatrice|last4=El Ghissassi|first4=Fatiha|last5=Bouvard|first5=Véronique|last6=Benbrahim-Tallaa|first6=Lamia|last7=Guha|first7=Neela|last8=Islami|first8=Farhad|last9=Galichet|first9=Laurent|last10=Straif|first10=Kurt|title=Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields|journal=The Lancet Oncology|volume=12|issue=7|year=2011|pages=624–626|issn=14702045|doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70147-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Acoustic neuroma risk in relation to mobile telephone use: Results of the INTERPHONE international case–control study|journal=Cancer Epidemiology|volume=35|issue=5|year=2011|pages=453–464|issn=18777821|doi=10.1016/j.canep.2011.05.012}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{Nervous tissue tumors}}
[[de:Akustikusneurinom]]
[[fr:Neurinome#Neurinome acoustique]]
[[nl:Brughoektumor]]


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Latest revision as of 18:08, 24 April 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2] Mohsen Basiri M.D.

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of acoustic neuroma are neurofibromatosis type 2 and radiation exposure. Less common risk factors include sporadic defects in tumor suppressor genes, exposure to loud noise, history of parathyroid adenoma, and the use of cellular phones.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

Less Common Risk Factors

References

  1. ↑ Michael E. Sughrue, Andrea H. Yeung, Martin J. Rutkowski, Steven W. Cheung & Andrew T. Parsa (2011). "Molecular biology of familial and sporadic vestibular schwannomas: implications for novel therapeutics". Journal of neurosurgery. 114 (2): 359–366. doi:10.3171/2009.10.JNS091135. PMID 19943731. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ M. Ruggieri, A. D. Pratico, A. Serra, L. Maiolino, S. Cocuzza, P. Di Mauro, L. Licciardello, P. Milone, G. Privitera, G. Belfiore, M. Di Pietro, F. Di Raimondo, A. Romano, A. Chiarenza, M. Muglia, A. Polizzi & D. G. Evans (2016). "Childhood neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and related disorders: from bench to bedside and biologically targeted therapies". Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale. 36 (5): 345–367. doi:10.14639/0392-100X-1093. PMID 27958595. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Arthur B. Schneider, Elaine Ron, Jay Lubin, Marilyn Stovall, Eileen Shore-Freedman, Jocelyn Tolentino & Barbara J. Collins (2008). "Acoustic neuromas following childhood radiation treatment for benign conditions of the head and neck". Neuro-oncology. 10 (1): 73–78. doi:10.1215/15228517-2007-047. PMID 18079359. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ E. Shore-Freedman, C. Abrahams, W. Recant & A. B. Schneider (1983). "Neurilemomas and salivary gland tumors of the head and neck following childhood irradiation". Cancer. 51 (12): 2159–2163. PMID 6850504. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Oyebode Taiwo, Deron Galusha, Baylah Tessier-Sherman, Sharon Kirsche, Linda Cantley, Martin D. Slade, Mark R. Cullen & A. Michael Donoghue (2014). "Acoustic neuroma: potential risk factors and audiometric surveillance in the aluminium industry". Occupational and environmental medicine. 71 (9): 624–628. doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102094. PMID 25015928. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Mantao Chen, Zuoxu Fan, Xiujue Zheng, Fei Cao & Liang Wang (2016). "Risk Factors of Acoustic Neuroma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Yonsei medical journal. 57 (3): 776–783. doi:10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.776. PMID 26996581. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Colin G. Edwards, Judith A. Schwartzbaum, Stefan Lonn, Anders Ahlbom & Maria Feychting (2006). "Exposure to loud noise and risk of acoustic neuroma". American journal of epidemiology. 163 (4): 327–333. doi:10.1093/aje/kwj044. PMID 16357108. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ L. Magnus Backlund, Dan Grander, Lena Brandt, Per Hall & Anders Ekbom (2005). "Parathyroid adenoma and primary CNS tumors". International journal of cancer. 113 (6): 866–869. doi:10.1002/ijc.20743. PMID 15515018. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Seung-Kwon Myung, Woong Ju, Diana D. McDonnell, Yeon Ji Lee, Gene Kazinets, Chih-Tao Cheng & Joel M. Moskowitz (2009). "Mobile phone use and risk of tumors: a meta-analysis". Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 27 (33): 5565–5572. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.21.6366. PMID 19826127. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ M. P. Little, P. Rajaraman, R. E. Curtis, S. S. Devesa, P. D. Inskip, D. P. Check & M. S. Linet (2012). "Mobile phone use and glioma risk: comparison of epidemiological study results with incidence trends in the United States". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 344: e1147. doi:10.1136/bmj.e1147. PMID 22403263. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ Isabelle Deltour, Anssi Auvinen, Maria Feychting, Christoffer Johansen, Lars Klaeboe, Risto Sankila & Joachim Schuz (2012). "Mobile phone use and incidence of glioma in the Nordic countries 1979-2008: consistency check". Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 23 (2): 301–307. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182448295. PMID 22249239. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ Baan, Robert; Grosse, Yann; Lauby-Secretan, Béatrice; El Ghissassi, Fatiha; Bouvard, Véronique; Benbrahim-Tallaa, Lamia; Guha, Neela; Islami, Farhad; Galichet, Laurent; Straif, Kurt (2011). "Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields". The Lancet Oncology. 12 (7): 624–626. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70147-4. ISSN 1470-2045.
  13. ↑ "Acoustic neuroma risk in relation to mobile telephone use: Results of the INTERPHONE international case–control study". Cancer Epidemiology. 35 (5): 453–464. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2011.05.012. ISSN 1877-7821.


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