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__NOTOC__
{{Erysipelas}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{LRO}}, {{KS}}, {{KD}}, {{Maliha}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{SK}} Non-necrotising cellulitis; acute bacterial dermohypodermatitis; erysipela; St. Anthony's Fire; ignis sacer; holy fire
{{Infobox_Disease
{{Infobox_Disease
  | Name          = Erysipelas  
  | Name          = Erysipelas  
  | Image          =  
  | Image          = Erysipel.JPG
  | Caption        =  
  | Caption        = Erysipelas
| DiseasesDB    = 4428
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|A|46|0|a|30}}
| ICD9          = {{ICD9|035}}
| ICDO          =
| OMIM          =
| MedlinePlus    = 000618
| eMedicineSubj  = derm
| eMedicineTopic = 129
| MeshID        =
}}
}}
{{Search infobox}}
{{CMG}}


==[[Erysipelas overview|Overview]]==
==[[Erysipelas historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


==[[Erysipelas classification|Classification]]==


'''Erysipelas''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] ερυσίπελας - ''red skin'') is an acute [[streptococcus]] [[bacteria|bacterial]] infection of the [[dermis]], resulting in inflammation and characteristically extending into underlying fat tissue.
==[[Erysipelas pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


(Erysipelas is also the name given to an infection in animals caused by the [[bacterium]] ''[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]]''. Infection by ''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'' in humans is known as [[erysipeloid]].)
==[[Erysipelas causes|Causes]]==


==Risk factors==
==[[Differentiating erysipelas from other diseases|Differentiating Erysipelas from other Diseases]]==
This disease is most common among the elderly, infants, and children. People with [[immune deficiency]], [[diabetes]], [[alcoholism]], skin [[ulceration]], [[fungal infections]] and impaired [[lymph node|lymph]]atic drainage (e.g., after [[mastectomy]], pelvic surgery, [[Bypass (surgical)|bypass]] grafting) are also at increased risk.


==Signs and symptoms==
==[[Erysipelas epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
Patients typically develop symptoms including high [[fevers]], [[tremor|shaking]], [[chills]], [[fatigue (physical)|fatigue]], [[headaches]], [[vomiting]], and general illness within 48 hours of the initial infection. The erythematous skin lesion enlarges rapidly and has a sharply demarcated raised edge. It appears as a red, swollen, warm, hardened and painful [[rash]], similar in consistency to an orange peel. More severe infections can result in [[vesicles]], [[blister|bullae]], and [[petechiae]], with possible skin [[necrosis]]. [[Lymph node]]s may be swollen, and [[lymphedema]] may occur. Occasionally, a red streak extending to the lymph node can be seen.


The infection may occur on any part of the skin including the face, arms, fingers, legs and toes, but it tends to favor the extremities. Fat tissue is most susceptible to infection, and facial areas typically around the eyes, ears, and cheeks. Repeated infection of the extremities can lead to chronic swelling ([[lymphadenitis]]).
==[[Erysipelas risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==Etiology==
==[[Erysipelas screening|Screening]]==
Most cases of erysipelas are due to ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'' (also known as [[group A streptococci]]), although non-group A streptococci can also be the causative agent.  Historically, the face was most affected; today the legs are affected most often. <ref>See eMedicine link</ref>


Erysipelas infections can enter the skin through minor trauma, [[eczema]], surgical incisions and ulcers, and often originate from strep bacteria in the subject's own nasal passages.
==[[Erysipelas natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
This disease is mainly diagnosed by the appearance of the rash and its characteristics. Blood cultures are unreliable for diagnosis of the disease, but may be used to test for [[sepsis]]. Erysipelas must be differentiated from [[herpes zoster]], [[angioedema]], [[contact dermatitis]], and diffuse inflammatory [[carcinoma]] of the breast.
[[Erysipelas history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Erysipelas physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Erysipelas laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Erysipelas electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Erysipelas x ray|X Ray]] | [[Erysipelas CT|CT]] | [[Erysipelas MRI|MRI]] | [[Erysipelas echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Erysipelas other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Erysipelas other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


Erysipelas can be distinguished from [[cellulitis]] by its raised advancing edges and sharp borders.
==Treatment==
Elevation of the antistreptolysin O titre occurs after around 10 days of illness.
[[Erysipelas medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Erysipelas surgery|Surgery]] | [[Erysipelas primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Erysipelas secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] |  [[Erysipelas cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Erysipelas future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Treatment==
==Case Studies==
Depending on the severity, treatment involves either oral or intravenous antibiotics, using [[penicillin]]s, clindamycin or [[erythromycin]]. While illness symptoms resolve in a day or two, the skin may take weeks to return to normal.
[[Erysipelas case study one|Case #1]]


==Complications==
==Related Chapters==
*Spread of infection to other areas of body through the bloodstream ([[bacteremia]]), including septic arthritis and infective [[endocarditis]] (heart valves).
*[[Cellulitis]]
*[[Septic shock]].
*[[Necrotizing fasciitis]]
*Recurrence of infection – Erysipelas can recur in 18-30% of cases even after antibiotic treatment.
*Lymphatic damage
*[[Necrotizing fasciitis]] -- AKA "the flesh-eating bug." A potentially-deadly exacerbation of the infection if it spreads to deeper tissue.


==Footnotes==
==Source==
<references/>
[https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000618.htm NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine]


==External links==
==References==
*[http://www.healthinplainenglish.com/health/skin/erysipelas/index.htm Erysipelas Overview] Health in Plain English - with pictures
{{reflist|2}}


{{Bacterial diseases}}
{{Bacterial diseases}}
[[Category:Dermatology]]
 
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
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{{WH}}
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[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 21:38, 29 July 2020

Erysipelas Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Erysipelas from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

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Primary Prevention

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S., Kiran Singh, M.D. [2], Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[3], Maliha Shakil, M.D. [4]

For patient information click here

Synonyms and keywords: Non-necrotising cellulitis; acute bacterial dermohypodermatitis; erysipela; St. Anthony's Fire; ignis sacer; holy fire

Erysipelas
Erysipelas

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Erysipelas from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

Source

NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine

References

Template:Bacterial diseases


cs:Erysipel de:Erysipel eo:Erizipelo it:Erisipela lt:Rožė (liga) nl:Erysipelas no:Erysipelas fi:Ruusu (sairaus) sv:Rosfeber

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