Hypernatremia history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{Hypernatremia}} | {{Hypernatremia}} | ||
{{CMG}}''' | {{CMG}}; ''' Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}; '''Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[User:Jack Khouri|Jack Khouri]] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The symptoms of hypernatremia are subtle and include [[weakness]] or [[lethargy]]. | The symptoms of hypernatremia are subtle and include [[weakness]] or [[lethargy]]. With more severe elevations of the sodium level, [[seizure]]s and [[coma]] may occur. | ||
== | ==History== | ||
A detailed history is important for the diagnosis of the etiology of hypernatremia. | |||
Patients having hypernatremia may have a positive history of | |||
* [[diabetes insipidus]] | |||
* [[hyperaldosteronism]] | |||
* [[Cushing's disease]] | |||
* Neurological disorder such as dementia or impaired motor function | |||
* Seizure disorder | |||
* [[malabsorptive disease|Malabsorption]] | |||
* Ingestion of excess sodium salts. | |||
Hypernatremic patients can also have a recent history of the following diseases: | |||
* [[diarrhea]] | |||
* [[burns]] | |||
* [[exercise]] ([[increased sweating]]) | |||
* [[polyuria]] | |||
* P[[polydypsia|olydypsia]] | |||
=== | ==== Drug history: ==== | ||
Patients on the following drugs can also have high sodium levels: | |||
* [[diuretic|Diuretics]] | |||
* Lactulose | |||
==Symptoms== | |||
Symptoms of hypernatremia are mainly neuromuscular and are as follows:<ref name="pmid2648664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hardy RM |title=Hypernatremia |journal=Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=231–40 |date=March 1989 |pmid=2648664 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19517406">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kasai CM, King R |title=Hypernatremia |journal=Compend Contin Educ Vet |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=E1–6; quiz E7 |date=April 2009 |pmid=19517406 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28164834">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guillaumin J, DiBartola SP |title=A Quick Reference on Hypernatremia |journal=Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=209–212 |date=March 2017 |pmid=28164834 |doi=10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9597713">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marks SL, Taboada J |title=Hypernatremia and hypertonic syndromes |journal=Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=533–43 |date=May 1998 |pmid=9597713 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11727338">{{cite journal |vauthors=Manning AM |title=Electrolyte disorders |journal=Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=1289–321, vii–viii |date=November 2001 |pmid=11727338 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* [[lethargy]] | |||
* Weakness | |||
* Irritability | |||
* [[edema]]. | |||
* [[seizure]]s | |||
* [[coma]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Inborn errors of metabolism]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Blood tests]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | [[Category:Nephrology]] | ||
[[Category:Electrolyte disturbance]] | [[Category:Electrolyte disturbance]] | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 14:52, 12 May 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Jack Khouri
Overview
The symptoms of hypernatremia are subtle and include weakness or lethargy. With more severe elevations of the sodium level, seizures and coma may occur.
History
A detailed history is important for the diagnosis of the etiology of hypernatremia.
Patients having hypernatremia may have a positive history of
- diabetes insipidus
- hyperaldosteronism
- Cushing's disease
- Neurological disorder such as dementia or impaired motor function
- Seizure disorder
- Malabsorption
- Ingestion of excess sodium salts.
Hypernatremic patients can also have a recent history of the following diseases:
Drug history:
Patients on the following drugs can also have high sodium levels:
- Diuretics
- Lactulose
Symptoms
Symptoms of hypernatremia are mainly neuromuscular and are as follows:[1][2][3][4][5]
References
- ↑ Hardy RM (March 1989). "Hypernatremia". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 19 (2): 231–40. PMID 2648664.
- ↑ Kasai CM, King R (April 2009). "Hypernatremia". Compend Contin Educ Vet. 31 (4): E1–6, quiz E7. PMID 19517406.
- ↑ Guillaumin J, DiBartola SP (March 2017). "A Quick Reference on Hypernatremia". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 47 (2): 209–212. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.002. PMID 28164834.
- ↑ Marks SL, Taboada J (May 1998). "Hypernatremia and hypertonic syndromes". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 28 (3): 533–43. PMID 9597713.
- ↑ Manning AM (November 2001). "Electrolyte disorders". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 31 (6): 1289–321, vii–viii. PMID 11727338.