Nelson's syndrome: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 13:05, 8 August 2017

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Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753

Overview

Nelson's syndrome is the rapid enlargement of a pituitary adenoma that occurs after the removal of both adrenal glands.^[1]

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Removal of both adrenal glands, or bilateral adrenalectomy, is an operation for Cushing's Disease. Removal of both adrenals eliminates production of cortisol, and the lack of cortisol's negative feedback can allow any preexisting pituitary adenoma to grow unchecked. Continued growth can cause mass effects due to physical compression of brain tissue, along with increased production of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).

Causes

Differentiating Nelson's syndrome from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Nelson's syndrome is rare because bilateral adrenalectomy is now only used in extreme circumstances.

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

Complications

Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Muscle weakness

Physical Examination

Skin hyperpigmentation due to excess MSH.

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

References

↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14426442?dopt=Abstract

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[NCBI1-1] ttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14426442?dopt=Abstract

[1]

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+Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here.  It's easy!  Click  [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]]  to learn about editing.
 {{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
    Name           = Nelson's syndrome |
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    OMIM_mult      = |
    MedlinePlus    = |
-  eMedicineSubj  = ped |
-  eMedicineTopic = 1558 |
    DiseasesDB     = 8863 |
 }}
-{{SI}}
+{{Nelson's syndrome}}
 {{GS}}
+==Overview==
+'''Nelson's syndrome''' is the rapid enlargement of a [[pituitary]] [[adenoma]] that occurs after the removal of both adrenal glands.<ref name=NCBI1>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14426442?dopt=Abstract</ref>
+==Historical Perspective==
+==Classification==
+==Pathophysiology==
+Removal of both adrenal glands, or [[bilateral]] [[adrenalectomy]], is an [[Surgery|operation]] for [[Cushing's Disease]]. Removal of both adrenals eliminates production of [[cortisol]], and the lack of cortisol's negative feedback can allow any preexisting pituitary adenoma to grow unchecked. Continued growth can cause [[mass effect]]s due to physical compression of brain tissue, along with increased production of [[adrenocorticotrophic hormone]] (ACTH) and [[melanocyte stimulating hormone]] (MSH).
+==Causes==
+==Differentiating {{PAGENAME}} from Other Diseases==
-'''Nelson's syndrome''' is the rapid enlargement of a [[pituitary]] [[adenoma]] that occurs after the removal of both adrenal glands.
+==Epidemiology and Demographics==
+Nelson's syndrome is rare because bilateral adrenalectomy is now only used in extreme circumstances.
-Removal of both adrenal glands, or [[bilateral]] [[adrenalectomy]], is an [[Surgery|operation]] for [[Cushing's Disease]]. Removal of both adrenals eliminates production of [[cortisol]], and the lack of cortisol's negative feedback can allow any preexisting pituitary adenoma to grow unchecked. Continued growth can cause [[mass effect]]s due to physical compression of brain tissue, along with increased production of [[adrenocorticotrophic hormone]] (ACTH) and [[melanocyte stimulating hormone]] (MSH).
+==Risk Factors==
-The common [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] include [[muscle weakness]] and skin [[hyperpigmentation]] due to excess MSH. Nelson's syndrome is rare because bilateral adrenalectomy is now only used in extreme circumstances.
+==Screening==
+==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
+===Natural History===
+===Complications===
+===Prognosis===
+==Diagnosis==
+===Diagnostic Criteria===
+===History and Symptoms===
+*[[Muscle weakness]]
+===Physical Examination===
+*Skin [[hyperpigmentation]] due to excess MSH.
+===Laboratory Findings===
+===Imaging Findings===
+===Other Diagnostic Studies===
+==Treatment==
+===Medical Therapy===
+===Surgery===
+===Prevention===
 ==References==
-* {{cite journal | author = Nelson D, Meakin J, Thorn G | title = ACTH-producing pituitary tumors following adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome. | journal = Ann Intern Med | volume = 52 | issue = | pages = 560-9 | year =1960 | id = PMID 14426442}}
+{{reflist|2}}
 {{Endocrine pathology}}
-[[Category:Endocrine system]]
 [[Category:Endocrinology]]
+[[Category:Needs content]]
 {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
 {{WikiDoc Sources}}
 [[pl:Zespół Nelsona]]

v t e Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases (E00-35, 240-259)
Thyroid	Hypothyroidism (Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Goitre, Myxedema) - Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease, Toxic multinodular goitre, Teratoma with thyroid tissue or Struma ovarii) - Thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis) - Euthyroid sick syndrome
Pancreas	Diabetes mellitus (type 1, type 2, coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy) - Hypoglycemia - Hyperinsulinism - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - insulin receptor (Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome)
Parathyroid	Hypoparathyroidism (Pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Hyperparathyroidism (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)
Pituitary	Hyperpituitarism (Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, SIADH) - Hypopituitarism (Simmonds' disease / Sheehan's syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Diabetes insipidus) - Adiposogenital dystrophy - Empty sella syndrome - Hypophysitis
Adrenal	Cushing's syndrome (Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) - CAH (Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α) - Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome) - Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) - Hypoaldosteronism
Gonads	Ovarian dysfunction (Polycystic ovary syndrome, Premature ovarian failure) - Testicular dysfunction (5-alpha-reductase deficiency) - Testosterone biosynthesis (17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency) - General (Hypogonadism, Delayed puberty, Precocious puberty)
Other	Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome - Carcinoid syndrome - Gigantism - Short stature (Laron syndrome, Psychogenic dwarfism) - Multiple endocrine neoplasia (1, 2) - Progeria - Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome