Mitral valve prolapse overview: Difference between revisions

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'''Mitral valve prolapse''' ('''MVP''') is a [[valvular heart disease]] characterized by the displacement of an abnormally thickened [[mitral valve]] leaflet into the left atrium during [[systole]]. In its nonclassic form, MVP carries a low risk of complications. In severe cases of classic MVP, complications include [[mitral regurgitation]] and [[infective endocarditis]].
'''Mitral valve prolapse''' ('''MVP''') is a [[valvular heart disease]] characterized by the displacement of an abnormally thickened [[mitral valve]] leaflet into the left atrium during [[systole]]. In its nonclassic form, MVP carries a low risk of complications. In severe cases of classic MVP, complications include [[mitral regurgitation]] and [[infective endocarditis]].
The [[mitral valve]], so named because of its resemblance to a bishop's miter, is the [[heart valve]] that prevents the backflow of [[blood]] from the left [[Ventricle (heart)|ventricle]] into the [[left atrium]]. It is composed of two leaflets (one anterior, one posterior) that close when the left ventricle contracts.<ref>{{cite web
  | last = Women's Heart Foundation, Inc.
  | first =
  | title = Mitral Valve Prolapse
  | url=http://www.womensheartfoundation.org/content/HeartDisease/mitral_valve_prolapse.asp
  | accessdate = 2007-07-11}}</ref>
Each leaflet is composed of three layers of [[biological tissue|tissue]]: the ''atrialis'', ''fibrosa'', and ''spongiosa''. Patients with classic mitral valve prolapse have excess [[connective tissue]] that thickens the spongiosa and separates [[collagen]] bundles in the fibrosa. This is due to an excess of [[dermatan sulfate]], a [[glycosaminoglycan]].  This weakens the leaflets and adjacent tissue, resulting in increased leaflet area and elongation of the [[chordae tendineae]]. Elongation of the chordae may be associated with chordae rupture, and is commonly found in the chordae tendineae attached to the posterior leaflet. Advanced lesions&nbsp;—&nbsp;also commonly involving the posterior leaflet&nbsp;—&nbsp;lead to leaflet folding, inversion, and displacement toward the [[left atrium]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 14:42, 21 August 2012

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a valvular heart disease characterized by the displacement of an abnormally thickened mitral valve leaflet into the left atrium during systole. In its nonclassic form, MVP carries a low risk of complications. In severe cases of classic MVP, complications include mitral regurgitation and infective endocarditis.

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