Typhoid fever: Difference between revisions

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	Typhoid fever;
	Salmonella typhi bacteria
ICD-10	A01.0
ICD-9	002
DiseasesDB	27829
MeSH	D014435

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 02:31, 18 July 2021

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease. For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Salmonella typhi.

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Aslam, M.B.B.S [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Enteric fever

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Typhoid fever from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

External links

Template:Bacterial diseases

Template:WikiDoc Sources

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-'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
+__NOTOC__
 {{Infobox_Disease |
    Name           = {{PAGENAME}} |
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    MeshID         = D014435 |
 }}
+{{About1|Salmonella typhi}}
+'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
 {{Typhoid fever}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AAA}}
+{{SK}} Enteric fever
 == [[Typhoid fever overview|Overview]] ==
-==[[Typhoid fever historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
+== [[Typhoid fever historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==
 == [[Typhoid fever classification|Classification]] ==
@@ Line 25: / Line 32: @@
 == [[Typhoid fever causes|Causes]] ==
-== [[Typhoid  differential diagnosis|Differential Diagnosis]] ==
+== [[Typhoid fever differential diagnosis|Differentiating Typhoid fever from other Diseases]] ==
+== [[Typhoid fever epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
 == [[Typhoid fever risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
-== [[Typhoid fever natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
+== [[Typhoid fever screening|Screening]] ==
+== [[Typhoid fever natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
 == Diagnosis ==
-[[Typhoid fever history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Typhoid fever physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Typhoid fever laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Typhoid fever electrocardiogram|ECG]]  | [[Typhoid fever  electroencephalogram|EEG]] | [[Typhoid fever chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] |[[Typhoid fever CT|CT]] | [[Typhoid fever echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] |[[Typhoid fever other imaging findings|Other imaging studies]] | [[Typhoid fever other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]]
+[[Typhoid fever history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | | [[Typhoid fever physical examination|Physical Examination]] |[[Typhoid fever surgical therapy|Surgical therapy]] | [[Typhoid fever laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Typhoid fever other diagnostic tests|Other diagnostic tests]] | [[Typhoid fever x ray|X ray]] | [[Typhoid fever CT|CT]] | [[Typhoid fever MRI|MRI]] | [[Typhoid fever ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Typhoid fever other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]]
 == Treatment ==
-[[Typhoid fever medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Typhoid fever surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Typhoid fever prevention|Prevention]] | [[Typhoid fever cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]]| [[Typhoid fever future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]
+[[Typhoid fever medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Typhoid fever primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Typhoid fever secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Typhoid fever cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Typhoid fever future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-__NOTOC__
+== Case Studies ==
-{{Typhoid fever}}
+[[Typhoid fever study one|Case #1]]
-{{CMG}}
+== Related Chapters==
+{{for|a similar disease with a similar name|typhus}}
-== See also ==
-{{for|a similar disease with a similar name|typhus}}
 {{for|a related disease which is caused by a different bacterium|Paratyphoid fever}}
-== References ==
-{{reflist|2}}
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}
-== Risk Stratification and Prognosis==
-Without therapy, the illness may last for 3 to 4 weeks and death rates range between 12% and 30%.
-Even if your symptoms seem to go away, you may still be carrying S. Typhi . If so, the illness could return, or you could pass the disease to other people. In fact, if you work at a job where you handle food or care for small children, you may be barred legally from going back to work until a doctor has determined that you no longer carry any typhoid bacteria.
-If you are being treated for typhoid fever, it is important to do the following:
-Keep taking the prescribed [[antibiotics]] for as long as the doctor has asked you to take them.
-Wash your hands carefully with soap and water after using the bathroom, and do not prepare or serve food for other people. This will lower the chance that you will pass the infection on to someone else.
-Have your doctor perform a series of stool cultures to ensure that no S. Typhi bacteria remain in your body.
-==Transmission==
-[[Image:Typhoid stats.gif|thumb|right|Death rates for Typhoid Fever in the U.S. 1906-1960]]
-Flying insects feeding on feces may occasionally transfer the bacteria through poor hygiene habits and public sanitation conditions. Public education campaigns encouraging people to wash their hands after toileting and before handling food are an important component in controlling spread of the disease. According to statistics from the United States [[Centers for Disease Control]], the [[chlorination]] of drinking water has led to dramatic decreases in the transmission of typhoid fever in the U.S..
-A person may become an [[asymptomatic carrier]] of typhoid fever, suffering no symptoms, but capable of infecting others. According to the [[Centers for Disease Control]] approximately 5% of people who contract typhoid continue to carry the disease after they recover.
-==[[Epidemiology]]==
-[[Image:Typhoid feverI.gif|thumb|right|Locations of typhoid outbreaks worldwide]]
-With an estimated 16-33 million cases of typhoid annually resulting in 500,000 to 600,000 deaths In endemic areas,  the [[World Health Organisation]] identifies typhoid as a serious public health problem. Its incidence is highest in children between the ages of 5 and 19 years.<ref name="who">{{cite web | title = Typhoid Fever | publisher = World Health Organisation | url = http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/diarrhoeal/en/index7.html | accessdate = [[2007-08-28]]}}</ref>
-In the United States about 400 cases occur each year, and 75% of these are acquired while traveling internationally. Typhoid fever is still common in the developing world, where it affects about 21.5 million persons each year. Typhoid fever is common in most parts of the world except in industrialized regions such as the United States, Canada, western Europe, Australia, and Japan. Therefore, if you are traveling to the developing world, you should consider taking precautions. Over the past 10 years, travelers from the United States to Asia, Africa, and Latin America have been especially at risk.
-==Heterozygous advantage==
-It is thought that [[cystic fibrosis]] may have risen to its present levels (1 in 1600 in UK) due to the [[heterozygous advantage]] that it confers against typhoid fever. The [[Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator|CFTR protein]] is present in both the lungs and the intestinal epithelium, and the mutant cystic fibrosis form of the CFTR protein prevents entry of the typhoid bacterium into the body through the intestinal epithelium.
-==References==
-{{Reflist|2}}
-===Further reading===
-* ''Gale's Encyclopedia of Medicine'', published by Thomas Gale in 1999, ISBN
-==External links==
-* {{cite web
- | author =
- | year =
- | url = http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/travel/diseases/typhoid.htm
- | title = www.netdoctor.co.uk
- | format =
- | work = Article on typhoid fever for travelers
- | publisher =
- | accessdate = 17 december
- | accessyear = 2004
-}}
-*[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/typhoidfever_g.htm United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention Listing]
-* {{cite web
- | author = Harrison, Noel G.
- | year = 2007
- | url = http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/library/historical/medical_history/typhoid/
- | title = www.healthsystem.virginia.edu
- | format =
- | work = Historical exhibit on efforts by US Army to control typhoid fever
- | publisher =
- | accessdaymonth = 4 July
- | accessyear = 2006
-}}
-* {{cite web
- | author =
- | year =
- | url = http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=36578
- | title = www.medicalnewstoday.com
- | format =
- | work = Article on typhoid fever and the fall of Athens
- | publisher =
- | accessdaymonth = 17 February
- | accessyear = 2006
-}}
-*http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/yellowBookCh4-Typhoid.aspx
-*http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/submenus/sub_typhoid.htm
+== External links ==
+* [http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/typhoidfever_g.htm United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention Listing]
+* http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/yellowBookCh4-Typhoid.aspx
+* http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/submenus/sub_typhoid.htm
 {{Bacterial diseases}}
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 [[ru:Брюшной тиф]]
 [[zh:傷寒]]
-[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
-[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]
-[[Category:Overview complete]]
 [[pl:Dur brzuszny]]
 {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
 {{WikiDoc Sources}}
+[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
+[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
+[[Category:Overview complete]]
+[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Infectious disease]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]


Typhoid fever
Salmonella typhi bacteria
ICD-10	A01.0
ICD-9	002
DiseasesDB	27829
MeSH	D014435