Ascites classification: Difference between revisions
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{{Ascites}} | {{Ascites}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EG}} | |||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{ | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Ascites may be classified according to etiology into four groups include: [[portal hypertension]] associated, [[hypoalbuminemia]] associated, [[peritoneal]] [[disease]] associated, and other [[diseases]] associated. Ascites is also classified based on the [[Serum-ascites albumin gradient|serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)]] as two subtypes include [[Transudate|'''transudate''']] - [[SAAG]] > 1.1 g/dL and [[Exudate|'''exudate''']] - [[SAAG]] < 1.1 g/dL. | |||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Ascites is | Ascites may be classified according to etiology into four groups:<ref name="pmid16966752">{{cite journal| author=Moore KP, Aithal GP| title=Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. | journal=Gut | year= 2006 | volume= 55 Suppl 6 | issue= | pages= vi1-12 | pmid=16966752 | doi=10.1136/gut.2006.099580 | pmc=1860002 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16966752 }}</ref> | ||
* Transudate | *[[Portal hypertension]] | ||
* Exudate | *[[Hypoalbuminemia]] | ||
*[[Peritoneal]] [[disease]] | |||
*Other [[diseases]] | |||
Ascites is also classified based on the [[Serum-ascites albumin gradient|serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)]] as two subtypes:<ref name="pmid19577115">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hou W, Sanyal AJ |title=Ascites: diagnosis and management |journal=Med. Clin. North Am. |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=801–17, vii |year=2009 |pmid=19577115 |doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2009.03.007 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* [[Transudate|'''Transudate''']] - [[SAAG]] > 1.1 g/dL | |||
* [[Exudate|'''Exudate''']] - [[SAAG]] < 1.1 g/dL | |||
<small></small>{{family tree/start}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | |B01='''Ascites classification'''}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | }} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | | C02 | | | |C01='''''Based on [[Etiology]]'''''|C02='''''Based on [[SAAG]]'''''}} | |||
{{family tree| |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | }} | |||
{{family tree| D01 | | D02 | | D03 | | D04 | | | D05 | | D06 |D01=[[Portal hypertension]]|D02=[[Hypoalbuminemia]]|D03=[[Peritoneal]] disease|D04=Other etiologies|D05=High ([[SAAG]] > 1.1 g/dL)|D06=Low ([[SAAG]] < 1.1 g/dL)}} | |||
{{family tree| |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | |!| | | |!| | }} | |||
{{family tree| boxstyle=text-align: left; | E01 | | E02 | | E03 | | E04 | | | E05 | | E06 |E01=• [[Cirrhosis]]<br>• [[Alcoholic hepatitis]]<br>• [[Acute liver failure]]<br>• [[Hepatic]] veno-occlusive disease<br>• [[Heart failure]]<br>• [[Constrictive pericarditis]]<br>• [[Hemodialysis]]-associated|E02=• [[Nephrotic syndrome]]<br>• [[Protein]]-losing [[enteropathy]]<br>• Severe [[malnutrition]]|E03=• [[Malignant]] ascites<br>• Infectious [[peritonitis]]<br>• [[Eosinophilic]] [[gastroenteritis]]<br>• Starch [[granulomatous peritonitis]]<br>• [[Peritoneal dialysis]]<br>• Multicystic [[mesothelioma]] ([[peritoneal inclusion cyst]])|E04=• [[Chylous ascites]]<br>• [[Pancreatic]] ascites<br>• [[Myxedema]]<br>• [[Hemoperitoneum]]<br>• [[Urologic]] injury|E05=• [[Cirrhosis]]<br>• [[Fulminant hepatic failure]]<br>• Veno-occlusive disease<br>• [[Hepatic vein obstruction]] (i.e., [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]])<br>• [[Congestive heart failure]]<br>• [[Nephrotic syndrome]]<br>• [[Protein]]-losing [[enteropathy]]<br>• [[Malnutrition]]<br>• [[Myxedema]]<br>• [[Ovarian]] [[tumors]]<br>• [[Pancreatic]] ascites<br>• [[Biliary]] ascites<br>• [[Malignancy]]<br>• [[Trauma]]<br>• [[Portal hypertension]]|E06=• Primary [[peritoneal]] [[mesothelioma]]<br>• Secondary [[peritoneal]] [[carcinomatosis]]<br>• [[Tuberculous]] [[peritonitis]]<br>• [[Fungal]] and [[parasitic]] infections (eg, [[Candida]], [[Histoplasma capsulatum|Histoplasma]], [[Cryptococcus]], [[Schistosoma mansoni]], [[Strongyloides]], [[Entamoeba histolytica]])<br>• [[Sarcoidosis]]<br>• [[Foreign bodies]] (i.e., talc, cotton and wood fibers, [[starch]], [[barium]])<br>• [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br>• [[Henoch-Schönlein purpura]]<br>• [[Eosinophilic]] [[gastroenteritis]]<br>• [[Whipple disease]]<br>• [[Endometriosis]]}} | |||
{{family tree/end}}<small></small> | |||
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{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Medicine]] | ||
[[Category: Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category: Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category: Hepatology]] | |||
[[Category: Emergency medicine]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 13:32, 31 January 2018
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Ascites Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Ascites classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ascites classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Ascites classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
Ascites may be classified according to etiology into four groups include: portal hypertension associated, hypoalbuminemia associated, peritoneal disease associated, and other diseases associated. Ascites is also classified based on the serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) as two subtypes include transudate - SAAG > 1.1 g/dL and exudate - SAAG < 1.1 g/dL.
Classification
Ascites may be classified according to etiology into four groups:[1]
Ascites is also classified based on the serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) as two subtypes:[2]
- Transudate - SAAG > 1.1 g/dL
- Exudate - SAAG < 1.1 g/dL
References
- ↑ Moore KP, Aithal GP (2006). "Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis". Gut. 55 Suppl 6: vi1–12. doi:10.1136/gut.2006.099580. PMC 1860002. PMID 16966752.
- ↑ Hou W, Sanyal AJ (2009). "Ascites: diagnosis and management". Med. Clin. North Am. 93 (4): 801–17, vii. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2009.03.007. PMID 19577115.