|
|
| (44 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| | {| class="infobox" style="float:right;" |
| | |- |
| | | [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Cough resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br> |
| | | [[Cough resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']] |
| | |} |
| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' | | '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' |
| {{Infobox_Disease |
| |
| Name = Cough |
| |
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|05||r|00}} |
| |
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|786.2}} |
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Cough}} | | {{Cough}} |
| {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}} {{MUT}} | | |
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}} {{MUT}} {{AMA}} |
|
| |
|
| {{SK}} Tussis | | {{SK}} Tussis |
| ==Cause== | | == [[Cough overview|Overview]] == |
| | |
| ==Complete List of Differential Diagnoses Sorted by Nonproductive vs Productive Nature of Cough==
| |
| === Nonproductive Cough ===
| |
| * [[Smoker's cough]]
| |
| * Aspiration
| |
| * [[Congestive heart failure]]
| |
| * [[Postnasal drip]]
| |
| *:* Most common cause of chronic cough in nonsmokers
| |
| * [[GERD]]
| |
| *:* Second most common cause of chronic cough in nonsmokers
| |
| * [[Asthma]]/reactive airway disease
| |
| * [[ACE inhibitor]] use
| |
| * [[Pneumonia]]
| |
| *:* ''Typical'' pneumonia is characterized by acute or subacute onset of fever, dyspnea, fatigue, pleuritic chest pain, and cough
| |
| *:* ''Atypical'' pneumoniais characterized by more gradual onset, dry cough,headache, fatigue, and minimal lung signs
| |
| * [[Acute bronchitis]]
| |
| *:* Most commonly caused by viruses
| |
| *:* Postviral bronchitis may last beyond 6 weeks
| |
| * Aspirated foreign body
| |
| * [[Lung cancer]]
| |
| * [[COPD]]
| |
| * [[Sarcoidosis]]
| |
| * [[Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]]
| |
| * [[Filariasis|Filarial disease]]
| |
| | |
| ===Productive Cough===
| |
| * [[Postnasal drip]]
| |
| * [[Tuberculosis]]
| |
| * [[COPD]]
| |
| * [[Lung cancer]]
| |
| * [[Smoker's cough]]
| |
| * [[Asthma]] with secondary infection
| |
| * [[Pneumonia]]
| |
| * [[Bronchitis]]
| |
| | |
| ==Complete Differential Diagnosis of Cough Sorted by Frequency of Causes==
| |
| | |
| In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
| |
| | |
| === Most Common Causes ===
| |
| | |
| | |
| === Other Causes ===
| |
| | |
| ===Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Cough===
| |
| (By organ system)
| |
| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |
| |
| [[Aortic arch anomalies]],
| |
| [[Atrial myxoma]],
| |
| [[Beriberi Heart Disease]],
| |
| [[Congestive Heart Failure]],
| |
| [[Hypotension]],
| |
| [[Mitral stenosis]],
| |
| [[Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction]],
| |
| [[Superior Vena Cava Syndrome]],
| |
| [[Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms]],
| |
| | |
| | |
| |- | |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Abrin]],
| |
| [[Cadmium poisoning]],
| |
| [[Polymer fume fever]],
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Dermatologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Abacavir ]],
| |
| [[Abatacept ]],
| |
| [[ABVD]],
| |
| [[ACE inhibitor]],
| |
| [[Acetylmorphone]],
| |
| [[Acyclovir ]],
| |
| [[Adalimumab ]],
| |
| [[Adefovir ]],
| |
| [[Albuterol ]],
| |
| [[Alefacept ]],
| |
| [[Alfuzosin ]],
| |
| [[Aliskiren ]],
| |
| [[Amiodarone ]],
| |
| [[Amlodipine and Benazepril ]],
| |
| [[Amphotericin B ]],
| |
| [[Anagrelide ]],
| |
| [[Anastrozole ]],
| |
| [[Atazanavir ]],
| |
| [[Benazepril]],
| |
| [[Bepridil ]],
| |
| [[Bevacizumab ]],
| |
| [[Bitolterol ]],
| |
| [[Bortezomib ]],
| |
| [[Brimonidine ]],
| |
| [[Budesonide]],
| |
| [[Busulfan ]],
| |
| [[Captopril]],
| |
| [[Carvedilol ]],
| |
| [[Cetuximab ]],
| |
| [[Cevimeline]],
| |
| [[Chlorambucil ]],
| |
| [[Cladribine ]],
| |
| [[Clobutinol]],
| |
| [[Clofarabine ]],
| |
| [[Clofedanol]],
| |
| [[Co-trimoxazole ]],
| |
| [[Cromolyn Sodium ]],
| |
| [[Cytarabine ]],
| |
| [[Dacarbazine ]],
| |
| [[Dactinomycin ]],
| |
| [[Darbepoetin Alfa ]],
| |
| [[Diborane]],
| |
| [[Docetaxel ]],
| |
| [[Domiodol]],
| |
| [[Dornase alfa]],
| |
| [[DTPA]],
| |
| [[Efalizumab ]],
| |
| [[Efavirenz ]],
| |
| [[Emtricitabine ]],
| |
| [[Enalapril ]],
| |
| [[Enfuvirtide]],
| |
| [[Epinastine ]],
| |
| [[Eplerenone ]],
| |
| [[Epoetin Alfa ]],
| |
| [[Eprosartan ]],
| |
| [[Erlotinib ]],
| |
| [[Estradiol Topical ]],
| |
| [[Etanercept ]],
| |
| [[Fexofenadine ]],
| |
| [[Floxuridine ]],
| |
| [[Fludarabine Phosphate ]],
| |
| [[Fluorouracil ]],
| |
| [[Fluticasone and Salmeterol ]],
| |
| [[Fluvastatin ]],
| |
| [[Fosamprenavir ]],
| |
| [[Fosinopril ]],
| |
| [[Gabapentin ]],
| |
| [[Gefitinib ]],
| |
| [[Gemcitabine Hydrochloride ]],
| |
| [[Glyburide and Metformin ]],
| |
| [[Granisetron ]],
| |
| [[Histrelin ]],
| |
| [[Ibandronate ]],
| |
| [[Ifosfamide ]],
| |
| [[Iloprost]],
| |
| [[Imipramine]],
| |
| [[Insulin Human (rDNA Origin) ]],
| |
| [[Interferon beta-1a Intramuscular ]],
| |
| [[Isoproterenol ]],
| |
| [[Ketorolac]],
| |
| [[Lamivudine ]],
| |
| [[Lamotrigine ]],
| |
| [[Letrozole ]],
| |
| [[Levalbuterol ]],
| |
| [[Lisinopril ]],
| |
| [[Lomustine ]],
| |
| [[Mechlorethamine ]],
| |
| [[Melphalan ]],
| |
| [[Mercaptopurine ]],
| |
| [[Mesalamine ]],
| |
| [[Metaproterenol ]],
| |
| [[Methotrexate ]],
| |
| [[Metoprolol]],
| |
| [[Mitomycin ]],
| |
| [[Moexipril ]],
| |
| [[Moxifloxacin ]],
| |
| [[Mycophenolic acid]],
| |
| [[Natalizumab ]],
| |
| [[Nateglinide ]],
| |
| [[Nedocromil ]],
| |
| [[Nicotine nasal spray ]],
| |
| [[Nilutamide ]],
| |
| [[Nitrofurantoin ]],
| |
| [[Omeprazole ]],
| |
| [[Oxaliplatin ]],
| |
| [[Oxcarbazepine ]],
| |
| [[Paclitaxel]],
| |
| [[Pamidronate ]],
| |
| [[Peginterferon alfa-2a ]],
| |
| [[Pemetrexed ]],
| |
| [[Penbutolol ]],
| |
| [[Pentamidine]],
| |
| [[Perindopril]],
| |
| [[Pegaspargase ]],
| |
| [[Pimecrolimus topical ]],
| |
| [[Pirbuterol acetate ]],
| |
| [[Plicamycin ]],
| |
| [[Primaquine ]],
| |
| [[Procarbazine ]],
| |
| [[Prograf]],
| |
| [[Quinapril]],
| |
| [[Ramelteon ]],
| |
| [[Ramipril]],
| |
| [[Ribavirin ]],
| |
| [[Risedronate ]],
| |
| [[Risperidone ]],
| |
| [[Rosiglitazone ]],
| |
| [[Rosuvastatin ]],
| |
| [[Salmeterol ]],
| |
| [[Saquinavir ]],
| |
| [[Sevelamer ]],
| |
| [[Sirolimus ]],
| |
| [[Sodium stibogluconate]],
| |
| [[Spironolactone ]],
| |
| [[Sulindac ]],
| |
| [[Tacrolimus]],
| |
| [[Tamsulosin ]],
| |
| [[Thioguanine ]],
| |
| [[Thiotepa ]],
| |
| [[Tipranavir ]],
| |
| [[Tocainide ]],
| |
| [[Topotecan Hydrochloride ]],
| |
| [[Trandolapril]],
| |
| [[Trimetrexate Glucuronate ]],
| |
| [[Vinorelbine Tartrate ]],
| |
| [[Vorinostat ]],
| |
| [[Zanamivir ]],
| |
| [[Ziprasidone ]],
| |
| | |
| | |
|
| |
|
|
| | == [[Cough classification|Classification]] == |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], | |
| [[Adenoid hypertrophy]],
| |
| [[Allergic rhinitis]],
| |
| Atopic rhinitis,
| |
| [[Croup]],
| |
| [[Goiter]],
| |
| [[Laryngitis]],
| |
| [[Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease]],
| |
| [[Laryngotracheal cleft]],
| |
| [[Pharyngitis]],
| |
| [[Post-nasal drip]],
| |
| [[Strep throat]],
| |
| Subglottic hemangioma,
| |
| [[Subglottic stenosis]],
| |
| [[Tonsillolith]],
| |
|
| |
|
| |-
| | == [[Cough historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Endocrine'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Goiter]],
| |
|
| |
|
| |-
| | == [[Cough pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] == |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Environmental'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Caplan's Syndrome]], | |
| Chronic beryllium disease (CBD),
| |
| [[Hay fever]],
| |
| Low humidity,
| |
| Occupational exposure of irritants
| |
| [[Passive smoking]],
| |
| [[Sick building syndrome]],
| |
| [[Silicosis]],
| |
| [[Smoking]],
| |
|
| |
|
| |-
| | == [[Cough causes|Causes]] == |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Achalasia]], | |
| [[Esophageal atresia]],
| |
| [[Esophageal cancer]],
| |
| [[Esophageal dysmotility]],
| |
| [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]],
| |
| [[Mallory-Weiss syndrome]],
| |
|
| |
|
| | == [[Cough differential diagnosis|Differentiating Cough from other Diseases]] == |
|
| |
|
| |-
| | == [[Cough epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] == |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Genetic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Cystic fibrosis]], | |
| [[Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)]],
| |
|
| |
|
| |-
| | == [[Cough risk factors|Risk Factors]] == |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Hematologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Iatrogenic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Chest tube]], | |
| [[Thoracentesis]],
| |
| [[Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease]],
| |
|
| |
|
| |-
| | == [[Cough natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] == |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Infectious Disease'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Adenoviridae]], | |
| [[Aphthovirus]],
| |
| [[Ascaris infection]],
| |
| [[Aspergillosis]],
| |
| [[Blastomycosis]],
| |
| [[Bordetella pertussis]],
| |
| [[Byssinosis]],
| |
| [[Chickenpox]],
| |
| [[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]],
| |
| [[Cladosporium]],
| |
| [[CMV Pneumonitis]],
| |
| [[Coccidioidomycosis]],
| |
| [[Community-acquired pneumonia]],
| |
| [[Cryptococcosis]],
| |
| [[Fasciolosis]],
| |
| [[Filariasis]],
| |
| [[Gnathostomiasis]],
| |
| [[Histoplasmosis]],
| |
| [[Human ehrlichiosis]],
| |
| [[Infectious mononucleosis]],
| |
| [[Influenza]],
| |
| [[Lady Windermere syndrome]],
| |
| [[Lassa fever]],
| |
| [[Legionellosis]],
| |
| [[Measles]],
| |
| [[Melioidosis]],
| |
| [[Miliary tuberculosis]],
| |
| [[Mucor stolonifer]],
| |
| [[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]],
| |
| [[Nocardiosis]],
| |
| [[Paprika splitter's lung]],
| |
| [[Paracoccidioidomycosis]],
| |
| [[Papillomatosis]],
| |
| [[Paragonimus Infection]],
| |
| [[Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia]],
| |
| [[Psittacosis]],
| |
| [[Q Fever]],
| |
| [[Rhinovirus]],
| |
| [[Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula]],
| |
| [[Schistosomiasis]],
| |
| [[Sporotrichosis]],
| |
| [[Strep throat]],
| |
| [[Thermoactinomyces sacchari]],
| |
| [[Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]],
| |
| [[Trichinosis]],
| |
| [[Tuberculosis]],
| |
| [[Tularemia]],
| |
| [[Typhoid fever]],
| |
| [[Upper respiratory tract infection]],
| |
| [[Yersinia Pestis Infection]],
| |
|
| |
|
| | == Diagnosis == |
|
| |
|
| | | [[Cough history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Cough physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Cough laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Cough electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Cough chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Cough CT|CT]] | [[Cough MRI|MRI]] | [[Cough echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Cough other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Cough other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Neurologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Beriberi Heart Disease]], | |
| [[Cholesterol pneumonia]], | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Bronchogenic cyst]], | |
| [[Pulmonary sequestration]], | |
| [[Esophageal atresia]],
| |
| [[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]],
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Oncologic''' | |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| Cervical mass,
| |
| [[Esophageal cancer]],
| |
| [[Kaposi's sarcoma]],
| |
| [[Laryngeal cancer]],
| |
| [[Lymphangitis carcinomatous]],
| |
| [[Mediastinal tumor]],
| |
| [[Mesothelioma]],
| |
| [[Papillomatosis]],
| |
| [[Thymoma]],
| |
| | |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Opthalmologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Ganciclovir ]], | |
| [[Nickel carbonyl]],
| |
| [[Valganciclovir ]],
| |
| [[Salicylate sensitivity]],
| |
| | |
| | |
| |- | |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Psychiatric'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| Psychogenic cough,
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Pulmonary'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Acute bronchitis]],
| |
| [[Acute Chest Syndrome]],
| |
| [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]],
| |
| [[Asthma]],
| |
| [[Atelectasis]],
| |
| [[Atypical pneumonia]],
| |
| [[Aspergillosis]],
| |
| [[Blastomycosis]],
| |
| Bronchial stenosis,
| |
| Bronchial web,
| |
| [[Bronchiectasis]],
| |
| [[Bronchiolitis]],
| |
| [[Bronchitis]],
| |
| [[Bronchogenic cyst]],
| |
| [[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]],
| |
| [[Ciliary dyskinesia]],
| |
| [[Cystic fibrosis]],
| |
| [[Goodpasture's syndrome]],
| |
| [[Hamman-Rich syndrome]],
| |
| [[Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis]],
| |
| [[Interstitial pneumonia]],
| |
| [[Lady Windermere syndrome]],
| |
| [[Lung abscess]],
| |
| [[Pleurisy]],
| |
| [[Pleuropulmonary blastoma]],
| |
| [[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]],
| |
| [[Pulmonary Embolism]],
| |
| [[Pulmonary hypertension]],
| |
| [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome]],
| |
| [[Tracheal stenosis]],
| |
| [[Tracheitis]],
| |
| [[Tracheoesophageal fistula]],
| |
| [[Tracheomalacia]],
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Congenital nephrotic syndrome]],
| |
| [[Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis]],
| |
| | |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]],
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Sexual'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Trauma'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| Post cerebrovascular accident, | |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Urologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Miscellaneous'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Alcoholism]],
| |
| Aspirated foreign bodies,
| |
| Cerumenosis,
| |
| [[Choking]],
| |
| [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]],
| |
| Ear foreign body,
| |
| Hair in the ear canal,
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |} | |
| | |
| == Complications ==
| |
| The complications of coughing can be classified as either [[Acute (medical)|acute]] or [[Chronic (medicine)|chronic]]. Acute complications include ''cough syncope'' ([[fainting]] spells due to decreased blood flow to the brain when coughs are prolonged and forceful), [[insomnia]], cough-induced [[vomiting]], rupture of [[bleb]]s causing [[spontaneous pneumothorax]], [[subconjunctival hemorrhage]] or "[[red eye (medicine)|red eye]]", coughing [[defecation]] and in women with a [[prolapse]]d [[uterus]], cough [[urination]]. Chronic complications are common and include abdominal or pelvic [[hernia]]s, fatigue [[fracture]]s of lower ribs and [[Tietze's syndrome|costochondritis]].
| |
|
| |
|
| == Treatment == | | == Treatment == |
| Coughs can be treated with [[cough medicine]]s. Dry coughs are treated with cough suppressants (antitussives) that suppress the body's urge to cough, while productive coughs (coughs that produce [[phlegm]]) are treated with expectorants that loosen [[mucus]] from the [[respiratory tract]]. Centrally acting cough suppressants, such as [[codeine]] and [[dextromethorphan]] reduce the urge to cough by inhibiting the response of the sensory endings by [[depolarization]] of the vagus nerve. A recent study indicates that, because of the presence of [[theobromine]] in chocolate, 50 [[gram]]s of dark [[chocolate]] may be an effective treatment for a persistent cough.<ref name="omaretal"/>
| |
|
| |
|
| Gargling with salt and warm water can also be helpful by reducing phlegm.
| | [[Cough medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Cough surgery|Surgery]] | [[Cough primary prevention|Prevention]] | [[Cough future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] | [[Cough cost-effectiveness of therapy | Cost Effectiveness of Therapy]] |
|
| |
|
| ==During injections== | | ==Case Studies== |
| Coughing during an injection can lessen the pain of the needle stick caused by a sudden, temporary rise in pressure in the chest and spinal canal, inhibiting the pain-conducting structures of the spinal cord.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 14742367 | title = Reducing venipuncture pain by a cough trick: a randomized crossover volunteer study | last = Usichenko | first = TI | coauthors = Pavlovic D, Foellner S & Wendt M. | year = 2004 | journal = Anesthesia and Analgesia | pages = 952-3 | volume = 99 | issue = 3 | accessdate = 2007-07-16 }}</ref>
| | [[Cough case study one|Case #1]] |
|
| |
|
| == See also == | | == Related Chapter == |
| *[[Whooping cough]] | | *[[Whooping cough]] |
| *[[Kennel cough]] | | *[[Kennel cough]] |
| *[[Cough medicine]] | | *[[Cough medicine]] |
|
| |
| ==References==
| |
| {{reflist|2}}
| |
|
| |
| ==Additional Resource==
| |
| * {{cite journal | author = McCool F | title = Global physiology and pathophysiology of cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. | journal = Chest | volume = 129 | issue = 1 Suppl | pages = 48S-53S | year = 2006 | id = PMID 16428691}}''[http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/129/1_suppl/48S Full text]''
| |
|
| |
| == External links ==
| |
| *[http://familydoctor.org/handouts/237.html FamilyDoctor.org – Chronic cough: causes and cures]
| |
| *[http://www.buteykoscotland.co.uk/healthtips1.htm Coughing]:Quick tips to help stop a coughing fit.
| |
|
| |
|
| {{Circulatory and respiratory system symptoms and signs}} | | {{Circulatory and respiratory system symptoms and signs}} |
| {{Common Cold}} | | {{Common Cold}} |
| {{Symptoms and signs}} | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
| | |
| {{clr}} | |
| [[ar:سعال]]
| |
| [[ca:Tos]]
| |
| [[de:Husten]]
| |
| [[es:Tos]]
| |
| [[eu:Eztul]]
| |
| [[fr:Toux]]
| |
| [[io:Tuso]]
| |
| [[it:Tosse]]
| |
| [[he:שיעול]]
| |
| [[ml:ചുമ]]
| |
| [[ms:Batuk]]
| |
| [[nl:Hoest]]
| |
| [[ja:咳嗽]]
| |
| [[pt:Tosse]]
| |
| [[qu:Uhu]]
| |
| [[ru:Кашель]]
| |
| [[sr:Кашаљ]]
| |
| [[fi:Yskä]]
| |
| [[sv:Hosta]]
| |
| [[te:దగ్గు]]
| |
| [[zh:咳嗽]]
| |
| [[pl:Kaszel]]
| |
| [[tr:Öksürük]]
| |
|
| |
|
| [[Category:Reflexes]] | | [[Category:Reflexes]] |
| [[Category:Symptoms]] | | [[Category:Symptoms]] |
| [[Category:Abnormal respiration]] | | [[Category:Abnormal respiration]] |
| [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | | [[Category: Signs and symptoms]] |
| | |
| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
| |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
| |
