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{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
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| [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Cough resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br>
| [[Cough resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
|}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Infobox_Disease |
  Name        = Cough |
  ICD10      = {{ICD10|R|05||r|00}} |
  ICD9        = {{ICD9|786.2}} |
}}
{{Cough}}
{{Cough}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}} {{MUT}}
 
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}} {{MUT}} {{AMA}}


{{SK}} Tussis
{{SK}} Tussis
==Cause==
== [[Cough overview|Overview]] ==


==Complete List of Differential Diagnoses Sorted by Nonproductive vs Productive Nature of Cough==
== [[Cough classification|Classification]] ==
=== Nonproductive Cough ===
* [[Smoker's cough]]
* Aspiration
* [[Congestive heart failure]]
* [[Postnasal drip]]
*:* Most common cause of chronic cough in nonsmokers
* [[GERD]]
*:* Second most common cause of chronic cough in nonsmokers
* [[Asthma]]/reactive airway disease
* [[ACE inhibitor]] use
* [[Pneumonia]]
*:* ''Typical'' pneumonia is characterized by acute or subacute onset of fever, dyspnea, fatigue, pleuritic chest pain, and cough
*:* ''Atypical'' pneumoniais characterized by more gradual onset, dry cough,headache, fatigue, and minimal lung signs
* [[Acute bronchitis]]
*:* Most commonly caused by viruses
*:* Postviral bronchitis may last beyond 6 weeks
* Aspirated foreign body
* [[Lung cancer]]
* [[COPD]]
* [[Sarcoidosis]]
* [[Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]]
* [[Filariasis|Filarial disease]]


===Productive Cough===
== [[Cough historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
* [[Postnasal drip]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[COPD]]
* [[Lung cancer]]
* [[Smoker's cough]]
* [[Asthma]] with secondary infection
* [[Pneumonia]]
* [[Bronchitis]]


==Complete Differential Diagnosis of Cough Sorted by Frequency of Causes==
== [[Cough pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==


In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
== [[Cough causes|Causes]] ==


=== Most Common Causes ===
== [[Cough differential diagnosis|Differentiating Cough from other Diseases]] ==


== [[Cough epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==


=== Other Causes ===
== [[Cough risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==


===Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Cough===
== [[Cough natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
(By organ system)


== Complications ==
== Diagnosis ==
The complications of coughing can be classified as either [[Acute (medical)|acute]] or [[Chronic (medicine)|chronic]]. Acute complications include ''cough syncope'' ([[fainting]] spells due to decreased blood flow to the brain when coughs are prolonged and forceful), [[insomnia]], cough-induced [[vomiting]], rupture of [[bleb]]s causing [[spontaneous pneumothorax]], [[subconjunctival hemorrhage]] or "[[red eye (medicine)|red eye]]", coughing [[defecation]] and in women with a [[prolapse]]d [[uterus]], cough [[urination]].  Chronic complications are common and include abdominal or pelvic [[hernia]]s, fatigue [[fracture]]s of lower ribs and [[Tietze's syndrome|costochondritis]].
 
[[Cough history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Cough physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Cough laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Cough electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Cough chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Cough CT|CT]] | [[Cough MRI|MRI]] | [[Cough echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Cough other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Cough other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
Coughs can be treated with [[cough medicine]]s. Dry coughs are treated with cough suppressants (antitussives) that suppress the body's urge to cough, while productive coughs (coughs that produce [[phlegm]]) are treated with expectorants that loosen [[mucus]] from the [[respiratory tract]].  Centrally acting cough suppressants, such as [[codeine]] and [[dextromethorphan]] reduce the urge to cough by inhibiting the response of the sensory endings by [[depolarization]] of the vagus nerve.  A recent study indicates that, because of the presence of [[theobromine]] in chocolate, 50 [[gram]]s of dark [[chocolate]] may be an effective treatment for a persistent cough.<ref name="omaretal"/>


Gargling with salt and warm water can also be helpful by reducing phlegm.
[[Cough medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Cough surgery|Surgery]] | [[Cough primary prevention|Prevention]] | [[Cough future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] | [[Cough cost-effectiveness of therapy | Cost Effectiveness of Therapy]]


==During injections==
==Case Studies==
Coughing during an injection can lessen the pain of the needle stick caused by a sudden, temporary rise in pressure in the chest and spinal canal, inhibiting the pain-conducting structures of the spinal cord.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 14742367  | title = Reducing venipuncture pain by a cough trick: a randomized crossover volunteer study | last = Usichenko | first = TI | coauthors = Pavlovic D, Foellner S & Wendt M. | year = 2004 | journal = Anesthesia and Analgesia | pages = 952-3 | volume = 99 | issue = 3 | accessdate = 2007-07-16 }}</ref>
[[Cough case study one|Case #1]]


== See also ==
== Related Chapter ==
*[[Whooping cough]]
*[[Whooping cough]]
*[[Kennel cough]]
*[[Kennel cough]]
*[[Cough medicine]]
*[[Cough medicine]]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==Additional Resource==
* {{cite journal | author = McCool F | title = Global physiology and pathophysiology of cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. | journal = Chest | volume = 129 | issue = 1 Suppl | pages = 48S-53S | year = 2006 | id = PMID 16428691}}''[http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/129/1_suppl/48S Full text]''
== External links ==
*[http://familydoctor.org/handouts/237.html FamilyDoctor.org &ndash; Chronic cough: causes and cures]
*[http://www.buteykoscotland.co.uk/healthtips1.htm Coughing]:Quick tips to help stop a coughing fit.


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Latest revision as of 01:29, 1 October 2020



Resident
Survival
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Overview

Classification

Historical perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

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Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

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MRI

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] M.Umer Tariq [3] Abiodun Akanmode,M.D.[4]

Synonyms and keywords: Tussis

Overview

Classification

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cough from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Prevention | Future or Investigational Therapies | Cost Effectiveness of Therapy

Case Studies

Case #1

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