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{{Hemolytic anemia}} | |||
{{CMG}}; {{shyam}} | |||
{{ | ==Overview== | ||
Risks factors for hemolytic anemia involve insults to [[red blood cells]] or [[Defect|defects]] within [[red blood cells]]. Broadly, the risks factors can be categorized as [[oxidative stress]], mechanical [[injury]], and [[Genetic disorder|genetic conditions]]. | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
'''Oxidative stress in the setting of G6PD deficiency''':<ref name="pmid24372186">{{cite journal| author=Luzzatto L, Seneca E| title=G6PD deficiency: a classic example of pharmacogenetics with on-going clinical implications. | journal=Br J Haematol | year= 2014 | volume= 164 | issue= 4 | pages= 469-80 | pmid=24372186 | doi=10.1111/bjh.12665 | pmc=4153881 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24372186 }} </ref> | |||
*Use of primiquine for [[malaria]] treatment | |||
*Use of [[dapsone]] for [[PCP]] or [[leprosy]] treatment | |||
*Consumption of [[Fava bean|fava beans]] as part of a Mediterranean diet | |||
*Use of [[sulfa drugs]] like [[Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim|trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]] for treatment of [[skin]], [[Urinary tract infection|urinary tract]], or other [[infections]] | |||
*Use of [[phenazopyridine]] for alleviating symptoms of [[dysuria]] | |||
*Use of [[nitrofurantoin]] for treatment of a urinary tract infection | |||
'''Mechanical damage-related risk factors''': | |||
*Presence of a mechanical [[Mitral valve|mitral]] or [[aortic valve]]<ref name="pmid25249983">{{cite journal| author=Vermeulen Windsant IC, de Wit NC, Sertorio JT, van Bijnen AA, Ganushchak YM, Heijmans JH et al.| title=Hemolysis during cardiac surgery is associated with increased intravascular nitric oxide consumption and perioperative kidney and intestinal tissue damage. | journal=Front Physiol | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= 340 | pmid=25249983 | doi=10.3389/fphys.2014.00340 | pmc=4157603 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25249983 }} </ref> | |||
*High [[shear stress]] from [[Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation|extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)]] circuit in patients undergoing [[cardiac surgery]] or with [[Respiratory failure|hypoxic respiratory failure]]<ref name="pmid25249983">{{cite journal| author=Vermeulen Windsant IC, de Wit NC, Sertorio JT, van Bijnen AA, Ganushchak YM, Heijmans JH et al.| title=Hemolysis during cardiac surgery is associated with increased intravascular nitric oxide consumption and perioperative kidney and intestinal tissue damage. | journal=Front Physiol | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= 340 | pmid=25249983 | doi=10.3389/fphys.2014.00340 | pmc=4157603 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25249983 }} </ref> | |||
*Presence of left ventricular assist device for end-stage [[heart failure]]<ref name="pmid25987800">{{cite journal| author=Wuschek A, Iqbal S, Estep J, Quigley E, Richards D| title=Left ventricular assist device hemolysis leading to dysphagia. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2015 | volume= 21 | issue= 18 | pages= 5735-8 | pmid=25987800 | doi=10.3748/wjg.v21.i18.5735 | pmc=4427699 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25987800 }} </ref> | |||
'''Genetic conditions affecting red blood cells''': | |||
*[[Hereditary spherocytosis]] | |||
*[[Hereditary elliptocytosis]] | |||
*[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]] | |||
*[[Sickle cell disease]]<ref name="pmid19220820">{{cite journal| author=Gaines AR, Lee-Stroka H, Byrne K, Scott DE, Uhl L, Lazarus E et al.| title=Investigation of whether the acute hemolysis associated with Rh(o)(D) immune globulin intravenous (human) administration for treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura is consistent with the acute hemolytic transfusion reaction model. | journal=Transfusion | year= 2009 | volume= 49 | issue= 6 | pages= 1050-8 | pmid=19220820 | doi=10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.02083.x | pmc=3418653 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19220820 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Hematology]] | ||
{{WS}} | |||
{{WH}} | |||
Latest revision as of 18:50, 30 October 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Shyam Patel [2]
Overview
Risks factors for hemolytic anemia involve insults to red blood cells or defects within red blood cells. Broadly, the risks factors can be categorized as oxidative stress, mechanical injury, and genetic conditions.
Risk Factors
Oxidative stress in the setting of G6PD deficiency:[1]
- Use of primiquine for malaria treatment
- Use of dapsone for PCP or leprosy treatment
- Consumption of fava beans as part of a Mediterranean diet
- Use of sulfa drugs like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of skin, urinary tract, or other infections
- Use of phenazopyridine for alleviating symptoms of dysuria
- Use of nitrofurantoin for treatment of a urinary tract infection
Mechanical damage-related risk factors:
- Presence of a mechanical mitral or aortic valve[2]
- High shear stress from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit in patients undergoing cardiac surgery or with hypoxic respiratory failure[2]
- Presence of left ventricular assist device for end-stage heart failure[3]
Genetic conditions affecting red blood cells:
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Hereditary elliptocytosis
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Sickle cell disease[4]
References
- ↑ Luzzatto L, Seneca E (2014). "G6PD deficiency: a classic example of pharmacogenetics with on-going clinical implications". Br J Haematol. 164 (4): 469–80. doi:10.1111/bjh.12665. PMC 4153881. PMID 24372186.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vermeulen Windsant IC, de Wit NC, Sertorio JT, van Bijnen AA, Ganushchak YM, Heijmans JH; et al. (2014). "Hemolysis during cardiac surgery is associated with increased intravascular nitric oxide consumption and perioperative kidney and intestinal tissue damage". Front Physiol. 5: 340. doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00340. PMC 4157603. PMID 25249983.
- ↑ Wuschek A, Iqbal S, Estep J, Quigley E, Richards D (2015). "Left ventricular assist device hemolysis leading to dysphagia". World J Gastroenterol. 21 (18): 5735–8. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i18.5735. PMC 4427699. PMID 25987800.
- ↑ Gaines AR, Lee-Stroka H, Byrne K, Scott DE, Uhl L, Lazarus E; et al. (2009). "Investigation of whether the acute hemolysis associated with Rh(o)(D) immune globulin intravenous (human) administration for treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura is consistent with the acute hemolytic transfusion reaction model". Transfusion. 49 (6): 1050–8. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.02083.x. PMC 3418653. PMID 19220820.