Hypercalcemia natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Hypercalcemia}} | {{Hypercalcemia}} | ||
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==Overview== | |||
Mild hypercalcemia is usually asymptomatic and goes undetected in a large number of patients. Furthermore, it commonly reflects in routine laboratory exams. Hypercalcemia may complicated various organ systems including [[renal]] (most commonly), [[gastrointestinal]], and [[skelatal]]. Prognosis of hypercalcemia is usually excellent after treatment. | |||
== Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis == | |||
=== Natural History === | |||
* Mild hypercalcemia is usually asymptomatic and goes undetected in a large number of patients.<ref name=":0">Shane, Elizabeth & Irani, Dinaz. (2006). Chapter 26. Hypercalcemia: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Differential Diagnosis, and Management. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. </ref> | |||
* Hypercalcemia may present in any age group depending on etiology and severity and presents initially with concentration and sleep abnormalities. | |||
===Complications=== | |||
Possible complications include:<ref name=":0" /> | |||
'''Gastrointestinal:''' | '''Gastrointestinal:''' | ||
* [[Pancreatitis]] | * [[Pancreatitis]] | ||
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These complications of long-term hypercalcemia are uncommon today. | These complications of long-term hypercalcemia are uncommon today. | ||
=== Prognosis === | |||
* Prognosis of hypercalcemia is usually excellent after treatment. | |||
* However, untreated hypercalcemia may be fatal.<ref name="pmid3878002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Corlew DS, Bryda SL, Bradley EL, DiGirolamo M |title=Observations on the course of untreated primary hyperparathyroidism |journal=Surgery |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=1064–71 |year=1985 |pmid=3878002 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
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Latest revision as of 20:40, 5 July 2018
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Hypercalcemia Microchapters |
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Hypercalcemia On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypercalcemia |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]
Overview
Mild hypercalcemia is usually asymptomatic and goes undetected in a large number of patients. Furthermore, it commonly reflects in routine laboratory exams. Hypercalcemia may complicated various organ systems including renal (most commonly), gastrointestinal, and skelatal. Prognosis of hypercalcemia is usually excellent after treatment.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Mild hypercalcemia is usually asymptomatic and goes undetected in a large number of patients.[1]
- Hypercalcemia may present in any age group depending on etiology and severity and presents initially with concentration and sleep abnormalities.
Complications
Possible complications include:[1]
Gastrointestinal:
Kidney:
- Calcium deposits in the kidney (nephrocalcinosis)
- Dehydration
- High blood pressure
- Kidney failure
- Kidney stones
Psychological:
- Depression
- Difficulty concentrating or thinking
Skeletal:
- Bone cysts
- Fractures
- Osteoporosis
These complications of long-term hypercalcemia are uncommon today.
Prognosis
- Prognosis of hypercalcemia is usually excellent after treatment.
- However, untreated hypercalcemia may be fatal.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shane, Elizabeth & Irani, Dinaz. (2006). Chapter 26. Hypercalcemia: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Differential Diagnosis, and Management. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism.
- ↑ Corlew DS, Bryda SL, Bradley EL, DiGirolamo M (1985). "Observations on the course of untreated primary hyperparathyroidism". Surgery. 98 (6): 1064–71. PMID 3878002.