Asperger syndrome epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 14:22, 22 June 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD [2]

Overview

Prevalence rates for Asperger Syndrome ranges from 0.03 to 4.84 per 1,000 in different studies.^[1] In 2014, the overall prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was estimated to be 16.8 per 1,000 children aged 8 years.^[2] The male to female prevalence ratio for ASD is approximately 4 to 1.^[2] The estimate for ASD prevalence was 7% and 22% higher among white children compared to black and Hispanic children respectively.^[2]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Prevalence rates for Asperger Syndrome ranges from 0.03 to 4.84 per 1,000 in different studies.^[1]
In 2014, the overall prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was estimated to be 16.8 per 1,000 children aged 8 years.^[2]

Gender

Males are more commonly affected by autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than females.^[2]
The male to female ratio for ASD is approximately 4 to 1.^[2]

Race

In 2014, the estimate for ASD prevalence was 7% higher among white children compared to black children.^[2]
In 2014, the estimate for ASD prevalence was 22% higher among white children compared to Hispanic children.^[2]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Fombonne E, Tidmarsh L (2003). "Epidemiologic data on Asperger disorder". Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 12 (1): 15–21. doi:10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00050-0. PMID 12512396.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z; et al. (2018). "Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014". MMWR Surveill Summ. 67 (6): 1–23. doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1. PMC 5919599. PMID 29701730.

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[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Fombonne E, Tidmarsh L (2003). "Epidemiologic data on Asperger disorder". Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 12 (1): 15–21. doi:10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00050-0. PMID 12512396.

[pmid29701730-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z; et al. (2018). "Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014". MMWR Surveill Summ. 67 (6): 1–23. doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1. PMC 5919599. PMID 29701730.

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 {{Asperger syndrome}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{SHA}}
+== Overview ==
+Prevalence rates for Asperger Syndrome ranges from 0.03 to 4.84 per 1,000 in different studies.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |journal= Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am |year=2003 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=15–21 |title= Epidemiologic data on Asperger disorder |author= Fombonne E, Tidmarsh L |pmid=12512396 |url=http://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1056499302000500/fulltext |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00050-0}}</ref> In 2014, the overall prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was estimated to be 16.8 per 1,000 children aged 8 years.<ref name="pmid29701730" /> The male to female prevalence ratio for ASD is approximately 4 to 1.<ref name="pmid29701730" /> The estimate for ASD prevalence was 7% and 22% higher among white children compared to black and Hispanic children respectively.<ref name="pmid29701730" />
-==Overview==
+== Epidemiology and Demographics ==
-==Epidemiology and Demographics==
+=== Prevalence ===
-{{see|Conditions comorbid to autism spectrum disorders}}
-[[Prevalence]] estimates vary enormously. A 2003 review of [[Epidemiological study|epidemiological]] studies of children found [[prevalence]] rates ranging from 0.03 to 4.84 per 1,000, with the ratio of autism to Asperger syndrome ranging from 1.5:1 to 16:1;<ref>{{cite journal |journal= Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am |year=2003 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=15–21 |title= Epidemiologic data on Asperger disorder |author= Fombonne E, Tidmarsh L |pmid=12512396 |url=http://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1056499302000500/fulltext |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00050-0}}</ref> combining the average ratio of 5:1 with a conservative prevalence estimate for autism of 1.3 per 1,000 suggests indirectly that the prevalence of AS might be around 0.26 per 1,000.<ref>{{cite book |chapter= Epidemiological surveys of pervasive developmental disorders |author= [[Eric Fombonne|Fombonne E]] |pages=33–68 |title= Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders |edition= 2nd ed |editor= Volkmar FR |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |isbn=0-521-54957-4}}</ref> Part of the variance in estimates arises from [[Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome#Multiple sets of diagnostic criteria|differences in diagnostic criteria]]. For example, a relatively small 2007 study of 5,484 eight-year-old children in Finland found 2.9 children per 1,000 met the ICD-10 criteria for an AS diagnosis, 2.7 per 1,000 for Gillberg and Gillberg criteria, 2.5 for DSM-IV, 1.6 for Szatmari ''et al.'', and 4.3 per 1,000 for the union of the four criteria. Boys seem to be at higher risk for AS than girls; estimates of the sex ratio range from 1.6:1 to 4:1, using the Gillberg and Gillberg criteria.
+* Prevalence rates for Asperger Syndrome ranges from 0.03 to 4.84 per 1,000 in different studies.<ref name=":0" />
+*In 2014, the overall prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was estimated to be 16.8 per 1,000 children aged 8 years.<ref name="pmid29701730" />
-[[Anxiety]] and [[Clinical depression|depression]] are the most common other conditions seen at the same time; [[comorbidity]] of these in persons with AS is estimated at 65%. Depression is common in adolescents and adults; children are likely to present with [[Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder|ADHD]].<ref name=Ghaziuddin><!-- This article is not available online, even though all the other articles in that journal issue are online. What gives? Perhaps we can find a better source? -->{{cite journal |author= Ghaziuddin M, Weidmer-Mikhail E, Ghaziuddin N |title= Comorbidity of Asperger syndrome: a preliminary report |journal= J Intellect Disabil Res |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=279–83 |year=1998 |pmid=9786442 |doi= <!-- This comment prevents the DOI bot from inserting an incorrect DOI, as it did on 2008-07-27 15:42:46 UTC. -->}}</ref> Reports have associated AS with medical conditions such as [[aminoaciduria]] and [[ligamentous laxity]], but these have been case reports or small studies and no factors have been associated with AS across studies. One study of males with AS found an increased rate of [[epilepsy]] and a high rate (51%) of [[nonverbal learning disorder]].<ref>{{cite journal |author= Cederlund M, Gillberg C |title= One hundred males with Asperger syndrome: a clinical study of background and associated factors |journal= Dev Med Child Neurol |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=652–60 |year=2004 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00977.x |pmid=15473168 |doi_brokendate= 2008-06-25}}</ref> AS is associated with [[tic]]s, [[Tourette syndrome]], and [[bipolar disorder]], and the repetitive behaviors of AS have many similarities with the symptoms of [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]] and [[obsessive-compulsive personality disorder]].<ref>{{cite journal |author= Gillberg C, Billstedt E |title= Autism and Asperger syndrome: coexistence with other clinical disorders |journal= Acta Psychiatr Scand |volume=102 |issue=5 |pages=321–30 |year=2000 |doi=10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102005321.x |pmid=11098802}}</ref> Although many of these studies are based on psychiatric clinic samples without using standardized measures, it seems reasonable to conclude that comorbid conditions are relatively common.
+=== Gender ===
+* Males are more commonly affected by autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than females.<ref name="pmid29701730" />
+*The male to female ratio for ASD is approximately 4 to 1.<ref name="pmid29701730">{{cite journal| author=Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z | display-authors=etal| title=Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014. | journal=MMWR Surveill Summ | year= 2018 | volume= 67 | issue= 6 | pages= 1-23 | pmid=29701730 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1 | pmc=5919599 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29701730  }} </ref>
+=== Race ===
+* In 2014, the estimate  for ASD prevalence was 7% higher among white children compared to black children.<ref name="pmid29701730" />
+* In 2014, the estimate for ASD prevalence was 22% higher among white children compared to Hispanic children.<ref name="pmid29701730" />
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
+[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
+[[Category:Psychiatry]]
+[[Category:Pediatrics]]
+[[Category:Neurology]]
+[[Category:Syndromes]]
+[[Category:Needs overview]]
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