Psychosis classification: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 23:52, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2] Rim Halaby, M.D. [3]

Overview

Psychosis refers to a clinical presentation including one or more of the following abnormalities: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized motor function, and negative symptoms. The classification of psychosis depends on the level, number, and duration of symptoms. Psychosis can be classified into: abnormalities limited to one feature of psychosis, schizophrenia spectrum, psychosis caused by specific conditions, and other specific schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.

Classification

Shown below is an algorithm depicting the classification about psychosis.^[1]

Psychosis

Abnormalities limited to one feature of psychosis:
- Delusional disorder, or
- Catatonia

Schizophrenia spectrum

Psychosis due to other conditions:
- Drug/substance abuse, or
- Medical conditions

Other specific schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Brief psychotic disorder
(Duration of symptoms 1 day-1 month)

Schizophreniform disorder
(Duration of symptoms 1-6 months)

Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
(Duration of symptoms > 6 months)

References

↑ Bebbington P, Freeman D (2017). "Transdiagnostic Extension of Delusions: Schizophrenia and Beyond". Schizophr Bull. 43 (2): 273–282. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw191. PMID 28399309.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid28399309-1] Bebbington P, Freeman D (2017). "Transdiagnostic Extension of Delusions: Schizophrenia and Beyond". Schizophr Bull. 43 (2): 273–282. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw191. PMID 28399309.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Psychosis}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Vbe}} {{Rim}}
 ==Overview==
+[[Psychosis]] refers to a [[Clinical|clinica]]<nowiki/>l presentation including one or more of the following abnormalities: [[delusions]], [[hallucinations]], [[Disorganized schizophrenia|disorganized]] speech, [[Disorganized schizophrenia|disorganized]] motor function, and negative [[symptoms]].  The classification of psychosis depends on the level, number, and duration of symptoms. Psychosis can be classified into: abnormalities limited to one feature of psychosis, [[schizophrenia]] spectrum, psychosis caused by specific conditions, and other specific schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.
 ==Classification==
-According to the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM]], psychosis can be a [[symptom]] of mental illness, but it is not a mental illness in its own right. For example, people with [[schizophrenia]] often experience psychosis, but so can people with [[bipolar disorder]] (manic depression), [[Clinical depression|unipolar depression]], [[delirium]], or drug [[withdrawal]].<ref>American Psychiatric Association. ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition - Text Revision'' (Published by the American Psychiatric Association, 2000).</ref><ref name=Tsuang_et_al_2000> {{cite journal | last = Tsuang | first = Ming T. | authorlink = | coauthors = William S. Stone, Stephen V. Faraone | year = 2000 | month = July | title = Toward Reformulating the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia | journal = American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 157| issue = 7 | pages = 1041-1050 | url = http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/157/7/1041 | id = {{PMID|10873908}} | accessdate = 2006-08-19 }}</ref> People diagnosed with these conditions can also have long periods ''without'' psychosis. Conversely, psychosis can occur in people who do not have chronic mental illness (e.g. due to an adverse drug reaction or extreme stress).<ref name=Jaunch_1988>{{cite journal | last = Jauch | first = D. A. | coauthors = William T. Carpenter, Jr. | year = 1988 | month = February | title = Reactive psychosis. I. Does the pre-DSM-III concept define a third psychosis? | journal = Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease | volume = 176 | issue = 2 | pages = 72-81 | id = {{PMID|3276813}}}}</ref>
+Shown below is an algorithm depicting the classification about psychosis.<ref name="pmid28399309">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bebbington P, Freeman D |title=Transdiagnostic Extension of Delusions: Schizophrenia and Beyond |journal=Schizophr Bull |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=273–282 |year=2017 |pmid=28399309 |doi=10.1093/schbul/sbw191 |url=}}</ref>
-Psychosis should be distinguished from [[insanity]], which is a legal term denoting that a person is not criminally responsible for his or her actions.<ref>Jacobson J.L. and A.M. Jacobson, eds. ''Psychiatric Secrets'' (Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 2001)</ref>
-Psychosis should be distinguished from [[psychopathy]], a [[personality disorder]] associated with violence, lack of [[empathy]] and socially manipulative behavior.<ref name=hare1>Hare, R. D. [http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/p960239.html Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case of Diagnostic Confusion, Psychiatric Times, February 1996, XIII, Issue 2] Accessed [[June 26]], [[2006]]</ref> Despite both being colloquially abbreviated "psycho", psychosis bears little similarity to the core features of psychopathy, particularly with regard to violence, which rarely occurs in psychosis,<ref name=Milton_et_al_2001>{{cite journal | last = Milton | first = John | coauthors = Shazad Amin, Swaran P. Singh, Glynn Harrison, Peter Jones, Tim Croudace, Ian Medley, and John Brewin | year = 2001 | month = May | title = Aggressive incidents in first-episode psychosis | journal = British Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 178 | pages = 433-440 | id = {{PMID|11331559}} | url = http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/178/5/433 | accessdate = 2006-10-21}}</ref><ref name=Foley_et_al_2005>{{cite journal | last = Foley | first =  Sharon R. | coauthors = Brendan D. Kelly, Mary Clarke, Orfhlaith McTigue, Maurice Gervin, Moyyad Kamali, Conall Larkin, Eadbhard O'Callaghan, and Stephen Browne | date = [[January 1]], [[2005]] | title = Incidence and clinical correlates of aggression and violence at presentation in patients with first episode psychosis | journal = Schizophrenia Research | volume = 72 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 161-168 | doi = 10.1016/j.schres.2004.03.010 | id = {{PMID|15560961}} | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=pubmed_Abstract&cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=15560961&dopt=ExternalLink | accessdate = 2006-10-21}}</ref> and distorted perception of reality, which rarely occurs in psychopathy.<ref name=Nestor_et_al_2002>{{cite journal | last = Nestor | first = Paul G. | coauthors = Matthew Kimble, Ileana Berman, and Joel Haycock | year = 2002 | month = January | title = Psychosis, Psychopathy, and Homicide: A Preliminary Neuropsychological Inquiry | journal = American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 159 | issue = 1 | pages = 138-140 | id = {{PMID|11772704}} | url = http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/159/1/138 | accessdate = 2006-10-21}}</ref>
+{{Family tree/start}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | A01= '''Psychosis'''}}
+{{Family tree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | }}
+{{Family tree | B01 | | B02 | | B03 | | B04 | | B01= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 15em; padding:1em;">Abnormalities limited to one feature of psychosis: <br> - [[Delusional disorder]], or <br> - [[Catatonia]] </div>|B02= Schizophrenia spectrum| B03= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 15em; padding:1em;">Psychosis due to other conditions:<br> - Drug/substance abuse, or <br> - Medical conditions </div>| B04= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 15em; padding:1em;">Other specific schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders </div>}}
+{{Family tree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | }}
+{{Family tree | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | | | | C01= [[Brief psychotic disorder]] <br> (Duration of symptoms 1 day-1 month)| C02= [[Schizophreniform disorder]] <br> (Duration of symptoms 1-6 months) | C03= [[Schizophrenia]] or [[schizoaffective disorder]] <br> (Duration of symptoms > 6 months)}}
+{{Family tree/end}}
-Psychosis should also be distinguished from [[delirium]]: a psychotic individual may be able to perform actions that require a high level of intellectual effort in clear consciousness, whereas a delirious individual will have impaired memory and cognitive function.
 ==References==
-{{reflist|2}}
+{{Reflist|2}}
 {{WH}}
 {{WS}}
+[[Category:Needs content]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Psychiatry]]

Psychosis classification: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:52, 29 July 2020

Overview

Classification

References

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