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{{Scleroderma}}
{{Scleroderma}}


{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKA}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
The hallmark of scleroderma is [[sclerodactyly]]. A positive history of progressive [[skin]] tightening and hardening is suggestive of scleroderma. The most common symptoms of scleroderma include [[skin]] tightening or [[induration]], [[Raynaud's phenomenon]], and symptoms of [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD). Less common symptoms of scleroderma include shiny [[skin]] appearance and restricted movement of affected areas of the [[skin]].


==Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
The hallmark of scleroderma is [[sclerodactyly]]. A positive history of progressive [[skin]] tightening and hardening is suggestive of scleroderma. The most common symptoms of scleroderma include [[skin]] tightening or [[induration]], [[Raynaud's phenomenon]] and symptoms of [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD).<ref name="pmid28133631">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shreiner AB, Murray C, Denton C, Khanna D |title=Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis |journal=J Scleroderma Relat Disord |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=247–256 |date=2016 |pmid=28133631 |pmc=5267349 |doi=10.5301/jsrd.5000214 |url=}}</ref>


===Skin===
===History===
Patients with scleroderma may have a positive history of:
*Progressive [[skin]] tightening or hardening<ref name="pmid17017489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pogorzelska-Antkowiak A, Antkowiak R |title=[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of scleroderma] |language=Polish |journal=Wiad. Lek. |volume=59 |issue=5-6 |pages=392–5 |date=2006 |pmid=17017489 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20453602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hudson M, Fritzler MJ, Baron M |title=Systemic sclerosis: establishing diagnostic criteria |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=159–65 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20453602 |doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181dde28d |url=}}</ref>
*Skin [[induration]] affecting fingers and extending proximally ([[sclerodactyly]])<ref name="pmid17017489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pogorzelska-Antkowiak A, Antkowiak R |title=[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of scleroderma] |language=Polish |journal=Wiad. Lek. |volume=59 |issue=5-6 |pages=392–5 |date=2006 |pmid=17017489 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20453602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hudson M, Fritzler MJ, Baron M |title=Systemic sclerosis: establishing diagnostic criteria |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=159–65 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20453602 |doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181dde28d |url=}}</ref>
*Exaggerated response to cold temperatures or emotional stress causing [[numbness]], [[pain]] or color changes in fingers or toes ([[Raynaud's phenomenon]])<ref name="pmid20453602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hudson M, Fritzler MJ, Baron M |title=Systemic sclerosis: establishing diagnostic criteria |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=159–65 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20453602 |doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181dde28d |url=}}</ref>
*[[Swallowing difficulty]]<ref name="pmid28133631">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shreiner AB, Murray C, Denton C, Khanna D |title=Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis |journal=J Scleroderma Relat Disord |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=247–256 |date=2016 |pmid=28133631 |pmc=5267349 |doi=10.5301/jsrd.5000214 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Heartburn]]
*[[Abdominal pain]]
*[[Nausea]]
*[[Vomiting]]
*[[Bloating]]
*[[Flatulence]]
*Altered [[Bowel movement|bowel movements]]
*[[Fatigue]]<ref name="pmid19106163">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sandusky SB, McGuire L, Smith MT, Wigley FM, Haythornthwaite JA |title=Fatigue: an overlooked determinant of physical function in scleroderma |journal=Rheumatology (Oxford) |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=165–9 |date=February 2009 |pmid=19106163 |pmc=2638541 |doi=10.1093/rheumatology/ken455 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Weakness]]
*[[Weight loss]]
*[[Musculoskeletal pain]]


* Scleroderma affects the [[skin]], and in more serious cases it can affect the [[blood vessel]]s and internal organs. The most evident symptom is the hardening of the skin and associated scarring. Typically, the skin appears reddish or scaly. Blood vessels may also be more visible. Where large areas are affected, fat and muscle wastage will weaken limbs and affect appearance.
===Common Symptoms===
Common symptoms of scleroderma include:
*[[Skin]] tightening and [[induration]] (hardening)<ref name="pmid17017489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pogorzelska-Antkowiak A, Antkowiak R |title=[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of scleroderma] |language=Polish |journal=Wiad. Lek. |volume=59 |issue=5-6 |pages=392–5 |date=2006 |pmid=17017489 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20453602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hudson M, Fritzler MJ, Baron M |title=Systemic sclerosis: establishing diagnostic criteria |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=159–65 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20453602 |doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181dde28d |url=}}</ref>
*Exaggerated response to cold temperatures or emotional stress causing [[numbness]], [[pain]] or color changes in fingers or toes ([[Raynaud's phenomenon|Raynaud's Phenomenon]])<ref name="pmid20453602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hudson M, Fritzler MJ, Baron M |title=Systemic sclerosis: establishing diagnostic criteria |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=159–65 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20453602 |doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181dde28d |url=}}</ref>
*Non-productive [[cough]]<ref name="pmid20453602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hudson M, Fritzler MJ, Baron M |title=Systemic sclerosis: establishing diagnostic criteria |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=159–65 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20453602 |doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181dde28d |url=}}</ref>
*[[Chest]] tightness
*[[Chest pain]]
*[[Joint pain]]
*[[Dysphagia]]<ref name="pmid28133631">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shreiner AB, Murray C, Denton C, Khanna D |title=Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis |journal=J Scleroderma Relat Disord |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=247–256 |date=2016 |pmid=28133631 |pmc=5267349 |doi=10.5301/jsrd.5000214 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20453602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hudson M, Fritzler MJ, Baron M |title=Systemic sclerosis: establishing diagnostic criteria |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=159–65 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20453602 |doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181dde28d |url=}}</ref>
*[[Abdominal pain]]
*[[Diarrhea]]
*[[Constipation]]


* The seriousness of the disease varies hugely between cases. The two most important factors to consider are the level of internal involvement (beneath the skin) and the total area covered by the disease. For example, there have been cases where the patient has no more than one or two [[lesions]], perhaps covering a few inches. Less serious cases tend not to involve the internal bodily functions.
===Less Common Symptoms===
Less common symptoms of scleroderma include:
*Shiny [[skin]] appearance
*Restricted movement of affected area of [[skin]]


* There is discoloration of the hands and feet in response to cold. Most patients (over 80%) have [[Raynaud's phenomenon]], a vascular symptom that can affect the [[finger]]s and toes.
==References==
 
{{Reflist|2}}
* Systemic scleroderma and [[Raynaud's phenomenon]] can cause painful ulcers on the fingers or toes which are known as digital ulcers.


* [[Calcinosis]] is also common in systemic scleroderma, and is often seen near the elbows, knees or other [[joint|joints]].
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


==References==
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]

Latest revision as of 00:05, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]

Overview

The hallmark of scleroderma is sclerodactyly. A positive history of progressive skin tightening and hardening is suggestive of scleroderma. The most common symptoms of scleroderma include skin tightening or induration, Raynaud's phenomenon, and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Less common symptoms of scleroderma include shiny skin appearance and restricted movement of affected areas of the skin.

History and Symptoms

The hallmark of scleroderma is sclerodactyly. A positive history of progressive skin tightening and hardening is suggestive of scleroderma. The most common symptoms of scleroderma include skin tightening or induration, Raynaud's phenomenon and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).[1]

History

Patients with scleroderma may have a positive history of:

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of scleroderma include:

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of scleroderma include:

  • Shiny skin appearance
  • Restricted movement of affected area of skin

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shreiner AB, Murray C, Denton C, Khanna D (2016). "Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis". J Scleroderma Relat Disord. 1 (3): 247–256. doi:10.5301/jsrd.5000214. PMC 5267349. PMID 28133631.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Pogorzelska-Antkowiak A, Antkowiak R (2006). "[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of scleroderma]". Wiad. Lek. (in Polish). 59 (5–6): 392–5. PMID 17017489.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Hudson M, Fritzler MJ, Baron M (May 2010). "Systemic sclerosis: establishing diagnostic criteria". Medicine (Baltimore). 89 (3): 159–65. doi:10.1097/MD.0b013e3181dde28d. PMID 20453602.
  4. ↑ Sandusky SB, McGuire L, Smith MT, Wigley FM, Haythornthwaite JA (February 2009). "Fatigue: an overlooked determinant of physical function in scleroderma". Rheumatology (Oxford). 48 (2): 165–9. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ken455. PMC 2638541. PMID 19106163.

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