Cleft lip and palate history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
A child may have one or more of these conditions at birth. | |||
A [[cleft lip]] may be just a small notch in the lip. It may also be a complete split in the lip that goes all the way to the base of the nose. | |||
A [[cleft palate]] can be on one or both sides of the roof of the mouth. It may go the full length of the [[palate]]. | |||
Other symptoms include: | |||
* Misaligned teeth | |||
* Change in nose shape (amount of distortion varies) | |||
A direct result of an open connection between the [[oral cavity]] and [[nasal cavity]] is '''velopharyngeal insufficiency''' ([[velopharyngeal inadequacy|VPI]]). Because of the gap, air leaks into the nasal cavity resulting in a hypernasal [[voice]] [[resonance]] and nasal emissions.<ref name="Sloan">{{cite journal |author=Sloan GM |title=Posterior pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty: the state of the art |journal=Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=112-22 |year=2000 |pmid=10749049|doi=}}</ref> Secondary effects of VPI include speech [[articulation]] errors (e.g., [[distortions]], substitutions, and omissions) and compensatory misarticulations (e.g., glottal stops and posterior nasal fricatives).<ref>Hill, J.S. (2001). Velopharyngeal insufficiency: An update on diagnostic and surgical techniques. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 9, 365-368.</ref>. | A direct result of an open connection between the [[oral cavity]] and [[nasal cavity]] is '''velopharyngeal insufficiency''' ([[velopharyngeal inadequacy|VPI]]). Because of the gap, air leaks into the nasal cavity resulting in a hypernasal [[voice]] [[resonance]] and nasal emissions.<ref name="Sloan">{{cite journal |author=Sloan GM |title=Posterior pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty: the state of the art |journal=Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=112-22 |year=2000 |pmid=10749049|doi=}}</ref> Secondary effects of VPI include speech [[articulation]] errors (e.g., [[distortions]], substitutions, and omissions) and compensatory misarticulations (e.g., glottal stops and posterior nasal fricatives).<ref>Hill, J.S. (2001). Velopharyngeal insufficiency: An update on diagnostic and surgical techniques. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 9, 365-368.</ref>. | ||
Other problems that may arise because of a cleft lip or palate are: | |||
* Failure to gain weight | |||
* Feeding problems | |||
* Poor growth | |||
* Recurrent [[ear infections]] | |||
<center> | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Cleftbefore.jpg|3 months old boy before going into surgery to have his unilateral incomplete cleft lip repaired. | |||
Image:Cleftafter.jpg|The same boy, 1 month after the surgery. | |||
Image:Cleftafter2years.jpg|Again the same boy, age 1.5 years old. Note how the scar gets less visible with age. | |||
</gallery> | |||
</center> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:35, 31 August 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
History and Symptoms
A child may have one or more of these conditions at birth.
A cleft lip may be just a small notch in the lip. It may also be a complete split in the lip that goes all the way to the base of the nose.
A cleft palate can be on one or both sides of the roof of the mouth. It may go the full length of the palate.
Other symptoms include:
- Misaligned teeth
- Change in nose shape (amount of distortion varies)
A direct result of an open connection between the oral cavity and nasal cavity is velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Because of the gap, air leaks into the nasal cavity resulting in a hypernasal voice resonance and nasal emissions.[1] Secondary effects of VPI include speech articulation errors (e.g., distortions, substitutions, and omissions) and compensatory misarticulations (e.g., glottal stops and posterior nasal fricatives).[2].
Other problems that may arise because of a cleft lip or palate are:
- Failure to gain weight
- Feeding problems
- Poor growth
- Recurrent ear infections
-
3 months old boy before going into surgery to have his unilateral incomplete cleft lip repaired. -
The same boy, 1 month after the surgery. -
Again the same boy, age 1.5 years old. Note how the scar gets less visible with age.
References
- ↑ Sloan GM (2000). "Posterior pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty: the state of the art". Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 37 (2): 112–22. PMID 10749049.
- ↑ Hill, J.S. (2001). Velopharyngeal insufficiency: An update on diagnostic and surgical techniques. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 9, 365-368.