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{{AE}} Henry A. Hoff
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'''Cystatin-SN''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CST1'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CST1 cystatin SN| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1469| accessdate = }}</ref>
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"The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a cysteine proteinase inhibitor found in saliva, tears, urine, and seminal fluid."<ref name=RefSeq2008>{{ cite book
| update_citations = yes
|author=RefSeq
}}
|title=CST1 cystatin SN [ Homo sapiens (human) ]
|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
|location=8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA
|date=July 2008
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1469
|accessdate=2017-02-04 }}</ref>
 
==Gene==


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
===Transcriptions===
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =  
| Name = Cystatin SN
| HGNCid = 2473
| Symbol = CST1
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 123855
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 88653
| MGIid = 
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CST1_206224_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CST1_206994_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004869 |text = cysteine protease inhibitor activity}}
| Component =
| Process =
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 1469
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000170373
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001889
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001898
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 20
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 23676191
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 23679574
    | Hs_Uniprot = P01037
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 
    | Mm_Ensembl = 
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = 
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''Cystatin SN''', also known as '''CST1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CST1 cystatin SN| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1469| accessdate = }}</ref>


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The "four cystatin genes [GeneID: 1469 CST1, GeneID: 1470 [[CST2]], GeneID: 1471 [[Cystatin C|CST3]], and GeneID: 1472 [[CST4]]] contain the ATA-box sequence (ATAAA) in their 5'-flanking regions; however, the CAT-box sequence (CAT), a binding site of the transcription factor, CTF, is found only in the 5'-flanking region of the S-type cystatin genes."<ref name=Saitoh>{{ cite journal
{{PBB_Summary
|author=Eiichi Saitoh and Satoko Isemura
| section_title =
|title=Molecular Biology of Human Salivary Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors
| summary_text = The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a cysteine proteinase inhibitor found in saliva, tears, urine, and seminal fluid.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CST1 cystatin SN| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1469| accessdate = }}</ref>
|journal=Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine
}}
|date=January 1, 1993
|volume=4
|issue=3/4
|pages=487-93
|url=http://cro.sagepub.com/content/4/3/487.full.pdf
|arxiv=
|bibcode=
|doi=10.1177/10454411930040033301
|pmid=
|accessdate=2013-06-28 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
* The [[MEROPS]] online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: [http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/cgi-bin/merops.cgi?id=I25.010 I25.010]
* {{UCSC gene info|CST1}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading  
| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Brown WM, Dziegielewska KM |title=Friends and relations of the cystatin superfamily--new members and their evolution. |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=6 |issue= 1 |pages= 5-12 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9007972 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Brown WM, Dziegielewska KM |title=Friends and relations of the cystatin superfamily--new members and their evolution. |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=6 |issue= 1 |pages= 5–12 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9007972 |doi=10.1002/pro.5560060102  | pmc=2143511 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Takahashi M, Honda Y, Ogawa K, Barka T |title=Immunofluorescence localization of cystatins in human lacrimal gland and in the exorbital lacrimal gland of the rat. |journal=Acta ophthalmologica |volume=70 |issue= 5 |pages= 625-31 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1471486 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Takahashi M, Honda Y, Ogawa K, Barka T |title=Immunofluorescence localization of cystatins in human lacrimal gland and in the exorbital lacrimal gland of the rat. |journal=Acta Ophthalmologica |volume=70 |issue= 5 |pages= 625–31 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1471486 |doi=10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb02143.x }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Isemura S, Saitoh E, Sanada K, Minakata K |title=Identification of full-sized forms of salivary (S-type) cystatins (cystatin SN, cystatin SA, cystatin S, and two phosphorylated forms of cystatin S) in human whole saliva and determination of phosphorylation sites of cystatin S. |journal=J. Biochem. |volume=110 |issue= 4 |pages= 648-54 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1778989 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Isemura S, Saitoh E, Sanada K, Minakata K |title=Identification of full-sized forms of salivary (S-type) cystatins (cystatin SN, cystatin SA, cystatin S, and two phosphorylated forms of cystatin S) in human whole saliva and determination of phosphorylation sites of cystatin S. |journal=J. Biochem. |volume=110 |issue= 4 |pages= 648–54 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1778989 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bobek LA, Aguirre A, Levine MJ |title=Human salivary cystatin S. Cloning, sequence analysis, hybridization in situ and immunocytochemistry. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=278 ( Pt 3) |issue=  |pages= 627-35 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1898352 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Bobek LA, Aguirre A, Levine MJ |title=Human salivary cystatin S. Cloning, sequence analysis, hybridization in situ and immunocytochemistry. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=278 |issue=  3|pages= 627–35 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1898352 |doi= | pmc=1151393 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Al-Hashimi I, Dickinson DP, Levine MJ |title=Purification, molecular cloning, and sequencing of salivary cystatin SA-1. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=263 |issue= 19 |pages= 9381-7 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2837486 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Al-Hashimi I, Dickinson DP, Levine MJ |title=Purification, molecular cloning, and sequencing of salivary cystatin SA-1. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=263 |issue= 19 |pages= 9381–7 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2837486 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Saitoh E, Isemura S, Sanada K, ''et al.'' |title=Cystatin superfamily. Evidence that family II cystatin genes are evolutionarily related to family III cystatin genes. |journal=Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler |volume=369 Suppl |issue=  |pages= 191-7 |year= 1989 |pmid= 3202964 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Saitoh E, Isemura S, Sanada K |title=Cystatin superfamily. Evidence that family II cystatin genes are evolutionarily related to family III cystatin genes. |journal=Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler |volume=369 Suppl |issue=  |pages= 191–7 |year= 1989 |pmid= 3202964 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Saitoh E, Kim HS, Smithies O, Maeda N |title=Human cysteine-proteinase inhibitors: nucleotide sequence analysis of three members of the cystatin gene family. |journal=Gene |volume=61 |issue= 3 |pages= 329-38 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3446578 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Saitoh E, Kim HS, Smithies O, Maeda N |title=Human cysteine-proteinase inhibitors: nucleotide sequence analysis of three members of the cystatin gene family. |journal=Gene |volume=61 |issue= 3 |pages= 329–38 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3446578 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(87)90196-X }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Isemura S, Saitoh E, Sanada K |title=Characterization of a new cysteine proteinase inhibitor of human saliva, cystatin SN, which is immunologically related to cystatin S. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=198 |issue= 1 |pages= 145-9 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3514272 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Isemura S, Saitoh E, Sanada K |title=Characterization of a new cysteine proteinase inhibitor of human saliva, cystatin SN, which is immunologically related to cystatin S. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=198 |issue= 1 |pages= 145–9 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3514272 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(86)81201-7  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Dickinson DP, Thiesse M, Dempsey LD, Millar SJ |title=Genomic cloning, physical mapping, and expression of human type 2 cystatin genes. |journal=Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. |volume=4 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 573-80 |year= 1993 |pmid= 7690606 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Dickinson DP, Thiesse M, Dempsey LD, Millar SJ |title=Genomic cloning, physical mapping, and expression of human type 2 cystatin genes. |journal=Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. |volume=4 |issue= 3–4 |pages= 573–80 |year= 1993 |pmid= 7690606 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Dickinson DP, Zhao Y, Thiesse M, Siciliano MJ |title=Direct mapping of seven genes encoding human type 2 cystatins to a single site located at 20p11.2. |journal=Genomics |volume=24 |issue= 1 |pages= 172-5 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7896273 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1994.1595 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Dickinson DP, Zhao Y, Thiesse M, Siciliano MJ |title=Direct mapping of seven genes encoding human type 2 cystatins to a single site located at 20p11.2 |journal=Genomics |volume=24 |issue= 1 |pages= 172–5 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7896273 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1994.1595 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Thiesse M, Millar SJ, Dickinson DP |title=The human type 2 cystatin gene family consists of eight to nine members, with at least seven genes clustered at a single locus on human chromosome 20. |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=13 |issue= 2 |pages= 97-116 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8179826 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Thiesse M, Millar SJ, Dickinson DP |title=The human type 2 cystatin gene family consists of eight to nine members, with at least seven genes clustered at a single locus on human chromosome 20 |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=13 |issue= 2 |pages= 97–116 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8179826 |doi=10.1089/dna.1994.13.97  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Henskens YM, van der Weijden FA, van den Keijbus PA, ''et al.'' |title=Effect of periodontal treatment on the protein composition of whole and parotid saliva. |journal=J. Periodontol. |volume=67 |issue= 3 |pages= 205-12 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8708950 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Henskens YM, van der Weijden FA, van den Keijbus PA |title=Effect of periodontal treatment on the protein composition of whole and parotid saliva |journal=J. Periodontol. |volume=67 |issue= 3 |pages= 205–12 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8708950 |doi=  10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.205|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. |journal=Nature |volume=414 |issue= 6866 |pages= 865-71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11780052 |doi= 10.1038/414865a }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J |title=The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20 |journal=Nature |volume=414 |issue= 6866 |pages= 865–71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11780052 |doi= 10.1038/414865a |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ghafouri B, Ståhlbom B, Tagesson C, Lindahl M |title=Newly identified proteins in human nasal lavage fluid from non-smokers and smokers using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. |journal=Proteomics |volume=2 |issue= 1 |pages= 112-20 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11788998 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Ghafouri B, Ståhlbom B, Tagesson C, Lindahl M |title=Newly identified proteins in human nasal lavage fluid from non-smokers and smokers using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting |journal=Proteomics |volume=2 |issue= 1 |pages= 112–20 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11788998 |doi=10.1002/1615-9861(200201)2:1<112::AID-PROT112>3.0.CO;2-N }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Dickinson DP, Thiesse M, Hicks MJ |title=Expression of type 2 cystatin genes CST1-CST5 in adult human tissues and the developing submandibular gland. |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=21 |issue= 1 |pages= 47-65 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11879580 |doi= 10.1089/10445490252810311 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Dickinson DP, Thiesse M, Hicks MJ |title=Expression of type 2 cystatin genes CST1-CST5 in adult human tissues and the developing submandibular gland |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=21 |issue= 1 |pages= 47–65 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11879580 |doi= 10.1089/10445490252810311 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zhang Z, Henzel WJ |title=Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2819-24 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15340161 |doi= 10.1110/ps.04682504 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Zhang Z, Henzel WJ |title=Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2819–24 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15340161 |doi= 10.1110/ps.04682504 | pmc=2286551 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ito T, Komiya-Ito A, Okuda K, ''et al.'' |title=Murine monoclonal antibody which can distinguish cystatins SA1 and SA2. |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=42 |issue= 10 |pages= 1259-63 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15829315 |doi= 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.11.021 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Ito T, Komiya-Ito A, Okuda K |title=Murine monoclonal antibody which can distinguish cystatins SA1 and SA2 |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=42 |issue= 10 |pages= 1259–63 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15829315 |doi= 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.11.021 |display-authors=etal}}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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==Acknowledgements==
 
Initial content for this page in some instances came from [http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia].

Latest revision as of 15:50, 20 November 2019

Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff

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External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Cystatin-SN is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST1 gene.[1]

"The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a cysteine proteinase inhibitor found in saliva, tears, urine, and seminal fluid."[2]

Gene

Transcriptions

The "four cystatin genes [GeneID: 1469 CST1, GeneID: 1470 CST2, GeneID: 1471 CST3, and GeneID: 1472 CST4] contain the ATA-box sequence (ATAAA) in their 5'-flanking regions; however, the CAT-box sequence (CAT), a binding site of the transcription factor, CTF, is found only in the 5'-flanking region of the S-type cystatin genes."[3]

References

  1. ↑ "Entrez Gene: CST1 cystatin SN".
  2. ↑ RefSeq (July 2008). CST1 cystatin SN [ Homo sapiens (human) ]. 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2017-02-04.
  3. ↑ Eiichi Saitoh and Satoko Isemura (January 1, 1993). "Molecular Biology of Human Salivary Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors" (PDF). Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine. 4 (3/4): 487–93. doi:10.1177/10454411930040033301. Retrieved 2013-06-28.

External links

Further reading


Acknowledgements

Initial content for this page in some instances came from Wikipedia.

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=CST1&oldid=1589619"