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{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Progonadoliberin-2''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''GNRH2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9419371">{{cite journal |vauthors=White RB, Eisen JA, Kasten TL, Fernald RD | title = Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 95 | issue = 1 | pages = 305–9 |date=Feb 1998 | pmid = 9419371 | pmc = 18209 | doi =10.1073/pnas.95.1.305  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12447356">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen A, Ganor Y, Rahimipour S, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y, Levite M | title = The neuropeptides GnRH-II and GnRH-I are produced by human T cells and trigger laminin receptor gene expression, adhesion, chemotaxis and homing to specific organs | journal = Nat Med | volume = 8 | issue = 12 | pages = 1421–6 |date=Nov 2002 | pmid = 12447356 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/nm801 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNRH2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2797| accessdate = }}</ref>
The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is cleaved to form a secreted 10 aa peptide hormone. The secreted decapeptide regulates reproduction in females by stimulating the secretion of both luteinizing- and follicle-stimulating hormones. Three transcript variants that encode unique proproteins but the same peptide hormone have been found for this gene.<ref name="entrez" /> The peptide belongs to [[gonadotropin-releasing hormone family]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal  | author=Neill JD |title=GnRH and GnRH receptor genes in the human genome |journal=Endocrinology |volume=143 |issue= 3 |pages= 737–43 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11861490 |doi=10.1210/en.143.3.737  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Leung PC, Cheng CK, Zhu XM |title=Multi-factorial role of GnRH-I and GnRH-II in the human ovary |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=202 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 145–53 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12770744 |doi=  10.1016/S0303-7207(03)00076-5}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Motta M |title=The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans |journal=Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology |volume=24 |issue= 4 |pages= 279–95 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14726258 |doi=10.1016/j.yfrne.2003.10.003  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Bloch B, Gaillard RC, Culler MD, Negro-Vilar A |title=Immunohistochemical detection of proluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptides in neurons in the human hypothalamus |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=74 |issue= 1 |pages= 135–8 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1727812 |doi=10.1210/jc.74.1.135  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Chen A, Laskar-Levy O, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y |title=Transcriptional regulation of the human GnRH II gene is mediated by a putative cAMP response element |journal=Endocrinology |volume=142 |issue= 8 |pages= 3483–92 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11459794 |doi=10.1210/en.142.8.3483  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J |title=The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20 |journal=Nature |volume=414 |issue= 6866 |pages= 865–71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11780052 |doi= 10.1038/414865a |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Gründker C, Günthert AR, Millar RP, Emons G |title=Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH-II) receptor in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells and effects of GnRH-II on tumor cell proliferation |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=87 |issue= 3 |pages= 1427–30 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11889221 |doi=10.1210/jc.87.3.1427  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Chen A, Zi K, Laskar-Levy O, Koch Y |title=The transcription of the hGnRH-I and hGnRH-II genes in human neuronal cells is differentially regulated by estrogen |journal=J. Mol. Neurosci. |volume=18 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 67–76 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11931351 |doi=10.1385/JMN:18:1-2:65  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899  | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Cheng CK, Hoo RL, Chow BK, Leung PC |title=Functional cooperation between multiple regulatory elements in the untranslated exon 1 stimulates the basal transcription of the human GnRH-II gene |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=17 |issue= 7 |pages= 1175–91 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12663744 |doi= 10.1210/me.2002-0418 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Islami D, Bischof P, Chardonnens D |title=Possible interactions between leptin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH-I and II) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) |journal=Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. |volume=110 |issue= 2 |pages= 169–75 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12969578 |doi=10.1016/S0301-2115(03)00185-4  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Chou CS, Beristain AG, MacCalman CD, Leung PC |title=Cellular localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II in first-trimester human placenta and decidua |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=89 |issue= 3 |pages= 1459–66 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15001648 |doi=10.1210/jc.2003-031636  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504  | pmc=528928 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=An BS, Choi JH, Choi KC, Leung PC |title=Differential role of progesterone receptor isoforms in the transcriptional regulation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH I) receptor, GnRH I, and GnRH II |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=90 |issue= 2 |pages= 1106–13 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15562029 |doi= 10.1210/jc.2004-0318 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Tanriverdi F, Gonzalez-Martinez D, Silveira LF |title=Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone type-I (GnRH-I) and type-II (GnRH-II) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and regulation of B-lymphoblastoid cell proliferation by GnRH-I and GnRH-II |journal=Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes |volume=112 |issue= 10 |pages= 587–94 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15578334 |doi= 10.1055/s-2004-830404 |display-authors=etal}}
}}
{{refend}}
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[[Category:Precursor proteins]]
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = 
| image_source = 
| PDB =
| Name = Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2
| HGNCid = 4420
| Symbol = GNRH2
| AltSymbols =; GnRH-II; LH-RHII
| OMIM = 602352
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 
| MGIid = 
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_GNRH2_208519_x_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005179 |text = hormone activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005625 |text = soluble fraction}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 2797
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000125787
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001492
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001501
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 20
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 2972268
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 2974391
    | Hs_Uniprot = O43555
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 
    | Mm_Ensembl = 
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = 
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2''', also known as '''GNRH2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNRH2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2797| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is cleaved to form a secreted 10 aa peptide hormone. The secreted decapeptide regulates reproduction in females by stimulating the secretion of both luteinizing- and follicle-stimulating hormones. Three transcript variants that encode unique proproteins but the same peptide hormone have been found for this gene.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNRH2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2797| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal  | author=Neill JD |title=GnRH and GnRH receptor genes in the human genome. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=143 |issue= 3 |pages= 737-43 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11861490 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Leung PC, Cheng CK, Zhu XM |title=Multi-factorial role of GnRH-I and GnRH-II in the human ovary. |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=202 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 145-53 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12770744 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Motta M |title=The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans. |journal=Frontiers in neuroendocrinology |volume=24 |issue= 4 |pages= 279-95 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14726258 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bloch B, Gaillard RC, Culler MD, Negro-Vilar A |title=Immunohistochemical detection of proluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptides in neurons in the human hypothalamus. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=74 |issue= 1 |pages= 135-8 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1727812 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=White RB, Eisen JA, Kasten TL, Fernald RD |title=Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=95 |issue= 1 |pages= 305-9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9419371 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chen A, Laskar-Levy O, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y |title=Transcriptional regulation of the human GnRH II gene is mediated by a putative cAMP response element. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=142 |issue= 8 |pages= 3483-92 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11459794 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. |journal=Nature |volume=414 |issue= 6866 |pages= 865-71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11780052 |doi= 10.1038/414865a }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gründker C, Günthert AR, Millar RP, Emons G |title=Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH-II) receptor in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells and effects of GnRH-II on tumor cell proliferation. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=87 |issue= 3 |pages= 1427-30 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11889221 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chen A, Zi K, Laskar-Levy O, Koch Y |title=The transcription of the hGnRH-I and hGnRH-II genes in human neuronal cells is differentially regulated by estrogen. |journal=J. Mol. Neurosci. |volume=18 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 67-76 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11931351 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chen A, Ganor Y, Rahimipour S, ''et al.'' |title=The neuropeptides GnRH-II and GnRH-I are produced by human T cells and trigger laminin receptor gene expression, adhesion, chemotaxis and homing to specific organs. |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=8 |issue= 12 |pages= 1421-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12447356 |doi= 10.1038/nm801 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Cheng CK, Hoo RL, Chow BK, Leung PC |title=Functional cooperation between multiple regulatory elements in the untranslated exon 1 stimulates the basal transcription of the human GnRH-II gene. |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=17 |issue= 7 |pages= 1175-91 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12663744 |doi= 10.1210/me.2002-0418 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Islami D, Bischof P, Chardonnens D |title=Possible interactions between leptin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH-I and II) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). |journal=Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. |volume=110 |issue= 2 |pages= 169-75 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12969578 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chou CS, Beristain AG, MacCalman CD, Leung PC |title=Cellular localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II in first-trimester human placenta and decidua. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=89 |issue= 3 |pages= 1459-66 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15001648 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=An BS, Choi JH, Choi KC, Leung PC |title=Differential role of progesterone receptor isoforms in the transcriptional regulation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH I) receptor, GnRH I, and GnRH II. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=90 |issue= 2 |pages= 1106-13 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15562029 |doi= 10.1210/jc.2004-0318 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Tanriverdi F, Gonzalez-Martinez D, Silveira LF, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone type-I (GnRH-I) and type-II (GnRH-II) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and regulation of B-lymphoblastoid cell proliferation by GnRH-I and GnRH-II. |journal=Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes |volume=112 |issue= 10 |pages= 587-94 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15578334 |doi= 10.1055/s-2004-830404 }}
}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
{{gene-20-stub}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 15:32, 26 November 2017

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

n/a

Ensembl

n/a

n/a

UniProt

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Progonadoliberin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNRH2 gene.[1][2][3]

The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is cleaved to form a secreted 10 aa peptide hormone. The secreted decapeptide regulates reproduction in females by stimulating the secretion of both luteinizing- and follicle-stimulating hormones. Three transcript variants that encode unique proproteins but the same peptide hormone have been found for this gene.[3] The peptide belongs to gonadotropin-releasing hormone family.

References

  1. ↑ White RB, Eisen JA, Kasten TL, Fernald RD (Feb 1998). "Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95 (1): 305–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.1.305. PMC 18209. PMID 9419371.
  2. ↑ Chen A, Ganor Y, Rahimipour S, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y, Levite M (Nov 2002). "The neuropeptides GnRH-II and GnRH-I are produced by human T cells and trigger laminin receptor gene expression, adhesion, chemotaxis and homing to specific organs". Nat Med. 8 (12): 1421–6. doi:10.1038/nm801. PMID 12447356.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: GNRH2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2".

Further reading

  • Neill JD (2002). "GnRH and GnRH receptor genes in the human genome". Endocrinology. 143 (3): 737–43. doi:10.1210/en.143.3.737. PMID 11861490.
  • Leung PC, Cheng CK, Zhu XM (2004). "Multi-factorial role of GnRH-I and GnRH-II in the human ovary". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 202 (1–2): 145–53. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(03)00076-5. PMID 12770744.
  • Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Motta M (2004). "The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans". Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 24 (4): 279–95. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2003.10.003. PMID 14726258.
  • Bloch B, Gaillard RC, Culler MD, Negro-Vilar A (1992). "Immunohistochemical detection of proluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptides in neurons in the human hypothalamus". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 74 (1): 135–8. doi:10.1210/jc.74.1.135. PMID 1727812.
  • Chen A, Laskar-Levy O, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y (2001). "Transcriptional regulation of the human GnRH II gene is mediated by a putative cAMP response element". Endocrinology. 142 (8): 3483–92. doi:10.1210/en.142.8.3483. PMID 11459794.
  • Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, et al. (2002). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20". Nature. 414 (6866): 865–71. doi:10.1038/414865a. PMID 11780052.
  • Gründker C, Günthert AR, Millar RP, Emons G (2002). "Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH-II) receptor in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells and effects of GnRH-II on tumor cell proliferation". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (3): 1427–30. doi:10.1210/jc.87.3.1427. PMID 11889221.
  • Chen A, Zi K, Laskar-Levy O, Koch Y (2002). "The transcription of the hGnRH-I and hGnRH-II genes in human neuronal cells is differentially regulated by estrogen". J. Mol. Neurosci. 18 (1–2): 67–76. doi:10.1385/JMN:18:1-2:65. PMID 11931351.
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
  • Cheng CK, Hoo RL, Chow BK, Leung PC (2004). "Functional cooperation between multiple regulatory elements in the untranslated exon 1 stimulates the basal transcription of the human GnRH-II gene". Mol. Endocrinol. 17 (7): 1175–91. doi:10.1210/me.2002-0418. PMID 12663744.
  • Islami D, Bischof P, Chardonnens D (2004). "Possible interactions between leptin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH-I and II) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)". Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 110 (2): 169–75. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(03)00185-4. PMID 12969578.
  • Chou CS, Beristain AG, MacCalman CD, Leung PC (2004). "Cellular localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II in first-trimester human placenta and decidua". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 (3): 1459–66. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031636. PMID 15001648.
  • Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
  • An BS, Choi JH, Choi KC, Leung PC (2005). "Differential role of progesterone receptor isoforms in the transcriptional regulation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH I) receptor, GnRH I, and GnRH II". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90 (2): 1106–13. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0318. PMID 15562029.
  • Tanriverdi F, Gonzalez-Martinez D, Silveira LF, et al. (2005). "Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone type-I (GnRH-I) and type-II (GnRH-II) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and regulation of B-lymphoblastoid cell proliferation by GnRH-I and GnRH-II". Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. 112 (10): 587–94. doi:10.1055/s-2004-830404. PMID 15578334.


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