Gait abnormality: Difference between revisions

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{{SignSymptom infobox |
__NOTOC__
  Name          = Abnormalities of gait and mobility |
{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|R|26||r|25}} |
|-
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|781.2}} |
|[[File:Siren.gif|30px|link= Gait Abnormality resident survival guide]]||<br>||<br>
  ICDO          = |
|[[Gait Abnormality survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
  Image          = |
|}'''For patient information, click [[Gait Abnormality(patient information)|here]]'''
  Caption        = |
{{SI}}                                                             
  OMIM          = |
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Usman Ali Akbar}}
  OMIM_mult      = |
  MedlinePlus    = 003199 |
  eMedicineSubj  = pmr |
  eMedicineTopic = 225 |
  DiseasesDB    = 15409 |
}}


== Complete Differential Diagnosis ==
{{SK}} Gait disturbance
* [[Appendicitis]]
* Cerebellar lesions
* [[Cerebral Palsy]]
* [[Cerebrovascular disease]]
* [[Chondrodystrophia]]
* [[Chondromalacia Patellae]]
* Damage of the [[symphysis]]
* [[Degenerative joint disease]]
* [[Discitis]]
* [[Drugs]]
* [[Dystonia]]
* [[Encephalitis]]
* Foreign body in shoe
* [[Fredreich's Ataxia]]
* [[Hemophilia]]
* [[Hernia]]s
* [[Hydrocephalus]]
* Leg length discrepancy
* [[Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease]]
* Local [[neoplasm]]
* [[Meningitis]]
* [[Metastases]]
* [[Multiple Sclerosis]]
* [[Neuromuscular]] disorders
* [[Osgood-Schlatter Disease]]
* [[Osteomalacia]]
* [[Osteochondritis Dissecans]]
* [[Osteomyelitis]]
* [[Parkinson's Disease|Parkinsonism]]
* [[Periostitis]]
* [[Poliomyelitis]]
* [[Polyneuropathy]]
* Poorly fitting shoes
* [[Rickets]]
* Sensory [[ataxia]]
* [[Septic Arthritis]]
* [[Sickle cell Disease]]
* [[Somatization Syndrome]]
* Splinter in foot
* [[Tabes Dorsalis]]
* [[Testicular torsion]]
* [[Trauma]]
* Viral [[arthritis]] <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>


Persons suffering from [[peripheral neuropathy]] experience [[numbness]] and [[tingling]] in their hands and feet.  This can cause difficulty in walking, climbing stairs and maintaining [[balance]].  Gait abnormality that results from [[chemotherapy]] is generally temporary in nature, though recovery times of six months to a year are common.


==Specific abnormalities and examples of causes==
==[[Gait Disturbances overview|Overview]]==
===Antalgic gait===
''User favors certain motions to avoid acute pain. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=671481857]''
* [[Physical trauma|Trauma]]
* [[Osteoarthritis]]
* [[Pelvic girdle pain]]


===Drunken gait/Cerebellar ataxia===
==[[Gait Disturbances  historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
''Reeling in a style like that of an intoxicated person. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-972685307&linkID=203&cook=yes]''
* [[Ataxia]]
* [[Cerebellar lesion]]s
* [[Cerebellar degeneration]]
* [[Intoxication]]s


===Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait===
==[[Gait Disturbances  classification|Classification]]==
''Patient moves with short, jerky steps. Term derives from Latin "festino", or "to hurry". [http://www.medfriendly.com/festinatinggait.html] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=610992140&linkID=206&cook=yes]''
* [[Parkinson's disease]]


===Pigeon gait===
==[[Gait Disturbances pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
''Torsional abnormalities. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1590689848]''
* [[Hip dysplasia]]


===Propulsive gait===
==[[Gait Disturbances  causes|Causes]]==
''Stiff, with head and neck bent. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] ''
* [[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
* [[Parkinson's disease]]


===Steppage gait/High stepping gait===
==[[Gait Disturbances differential diagnosis|Differentiating Any Disease from other Diseases]]==
''Toes point down. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=22477] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1966407688&linkID=205&cook=yes]''
* [[Polio]]
* [[Multiple sclerosis]]


===Scissor gait===
==[[Gait Disturbances epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
Legs flexed slightly at the hips and knees, giving the appearance of crouching, with the knees and thighs hitting or crossing in a scissors-like movement. Often mixed with or accompanied by spastic gait, a stiff, foot-dragging walk caused by one-sided, long-term muscle contraction. Most common in patients with spastic cerebral palsy, usually [[spastic diplegia|diplegic]] and [[spastic paraplegia|paraplegic]] varieties. The individual is forced to walk on [[tiptoe]] unless the [[Tibialis anterior muscle|dorsiflexor]] muscles are released by an orthaepedic surgical procedure. Muscle contractures of the [[adductor]]s result in thighs and knees rubbing together and crossing in a manner analogous to scissors.


These features are typical, and usually result in some form and to some degree regardless of the mildness or severity of the spastic CP condition.
==[[Gait Disturbances  risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


* rigidity and excessive adduction of the leg in swing
==[[Gait Disturbances screening|Screening]]==  
* plantar flexion of the ankle
* flexion at the knee
* adduction and internal rotation at the hip
* contractures of all spastic muscles
* complicated assisting movements of the upper limbs when walking [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm].[http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-120586227&linkID=208&cook=yes]


====See Also====
==[[Gait Disturbances natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
* [[Spastic diplegia]]
* [[Pernicious anemia]]
* [[Spastic paraplegia]]


===[[Sensory ataxia]] gait/Stomping gait===
==Diagnosis==
''Uncoordinated walking [http://medical.webends.com/kw/Gait%20Ataxia] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-1737818075&linkID=207&cook=yes] [http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb29285.htm]''
[[Type page name here history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Type page name here physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Type page name here laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Type page name here electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Type page name here chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Type page name here CT|CT]] | [[Type page name here MRI|MRI]] | [[Type page name here echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Type page name here other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Type page name here other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
* [[Friedreich's ataxia]]
* [[Pernicious anemia]]<br />
* Tabes Dorsalis (Syphilis)


===Spastic gait===
==Treatment==
''Asymmetric foot dragging. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm]''
[[Type page name here medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Type page name here surgery|Surgery]] | [[Type page name here primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Type page name here secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Type page name here cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Type page name here future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
* [[Brain tumor]]
* [[Sturge-Weber syndrome]]
* [[Cerebral palsy]]


===[[Trendelenburg gait]]===
==Case Studies==
* weakness of the [[abductor]] muscles of the lower limb, principally [[gluteus medius]]
[[Type page name here case study one|Case #1]]


===Waddling/Myopathic gait===
''Walking like a duck. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=147849232&linkID=209&cook=yes] ''
* [[Pregnancy]]


===Magnetic gait===
[[Category:Projects]]
Feet seem attached to floor as if by a magnet.  In magnetic gait, each step is initiated in a "wresting" motion carrying feet upward and forward.  Magnetic gait can be visualized in terms of a powerful magnet being forcefully pulled from a steel plate.
[[Category:Help]]
* [[Normal pressure hydrocephalus]] (NPH)
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
 


==References==
==References==
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==See also==
==See also==
* [[Ataxia]]
 
* [[Limp]]
*[[Ataxia]]
* [[Foot drop]]
*[[Limp]]
* [[Gait Abnormality Rating Scale]]
*[[Foot drop]]
*[[Gait Abnormality Rating Scale]]


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site932/printerfriendlypageS932P0.html Children's Hospital Boston]
 
* [http://www.univie.ac.at/cga/faq/classification.html Classification]
*[http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site932/printerfriendlypageS932P0.html Children's Hospital Boston]
* [http://www.univie.ac.at/cga/archives/25-7-96/ Case Study]
*[http://www.univie.ac.at/cga/faq/classification.html Classification]
* [http://medstat.med.utah.edu/neurologicexam/html/gait_abnormal.html Utah]
*[http://www.univie.ac.at/cga/archives/25-7-96/ Case Study]
* {{GPNotebook|1376124935}}
*[http://medstat.med.utah.edu/neurologicexam/html/gait_abnormal.html Utah]
*{{GPNotebook|1376124935}}
{{Symptoms and signs}}
{{Symptoms and signs}}
{{jb1}}
{{jb1}}
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]

Latest revision as of 19:29, 3 June 2021
Resident
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usman Ali Akbar, M.B.B.S.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Gait disturbance


Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Any Disease from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:WH Template:WS


References

See also

External links

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