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{{Redirect|FOX-2|other uses|Fox 2 (disambiguation){{!}}Fox 2}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''RNA binding motif protein 9 (RBM9)''', also known as '''Rbfox2''', is a [[protein]] which in humans is encoded by the ''RBM9''  [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RBM9 RNA binding motif protein 9| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23543| accessdate = }}</ref>
== Function ==
Rbfox2  is one of several human genes similar to the ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans|C. elegans]]'' gene Fox-1. This gene encodes an RNA binding protein that is thought to be a key regulator of [[alternative splicing]] in the nervous system and other cell types. Rbfox2 and the related protein [[RBFOX1|Rbfox1]] bind to conserved (U)GCAUG RNA motifs in the introns adjacent to many alternatively spliced exons and promotes inclusion or exclusion of the alternative exon in mature transcripts.<ref name="Jin pp. 905–912">{{cite journal | last=Jin | first=Y. | title=A vertebrate RNA-binding protein Fox-1 regulates tissue-specific splicing via the pentanucleotide GCAUG | journal=The EMBO Journal | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | volume=22 | issue=4 | date=2003-02-17 | issn=1460-2075 | doi=10.1093/emboj/cdg089 | pages=905–912| pmc=145449 }}</ref><ref name="Ponthier Schluepen Chen Lersch pp. 12468–12474">{{cite journal | last=Ponthier | first=Julie L. | last2=Schluepen | first2=Christina | last3=Chen | first3=Weiguo | last4=Lersch | first4=Robert A. | last5=Gee | first5=Sherry L. | last6=Hou | first6=Victor C. | last7=Lo | first7=Annie J. | last8=Short | first8=Sarah A. | last9=Chasis | first9=Joel A. | last10=Winkelmann | first10=John C. | last11=Conboy | first11=John G. | title=Fox-2 Splicing Factor Binds to a Conserved Intron Motif to Promote Inclusion of Protein 4.1R Alternative Exon 16 | journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry | publisher=American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (ASBMB) | volume=281 | issue=18 | date=2006-03-14 | issn=0021-9258 | doi=10.1074/jbc.m511556200 | pages=12468–12474}}</ref> The protein also interacts with the estrogen receptor 1 transcription factor and regulates estrogen receptor 1 transcriptional activity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.<ref name="entrez" />
Rbfox2, as determined by CLIP-seq, binds near alternatively spliced exons and regulates the inclusion or exclusion of exons during alternative splicing by binding in introns either downstream (inclusion) or upstream (exon skipping) of exons.  Its presence is important for stem cell survival and knockdowns of Rbfox2 activate markers for [[apoptosis]].<ref name="pmid19136955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yeo GW, Coufal NG, Liang TY, Peng GE, Fu XD, Gage FH | title = An RNA code for the FOX2 splicing regulator revealed by mapping RNA-protein interactions in stem cells | journal = Nature Structural & Molecular Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 130–137 |date=February 2009 | pmid = 19136955 | doi = 10.1038/nsmb.1545 | url = | issn = | pmc = 2735254 }}</ref>
== See also ==
*[[Alternative splicing]]
*[[RNA-binding protein]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal  | author=Dunham I |title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 |journal=Nature |volume=402 |issue= 6761 |pages= 489–495 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10591208 |doi= 10.1038/990031  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Shimizu N  | author3=Roe BA  | display-authors=3  | last4=Bruskiewich  | first4=R.  | last5=Beare  | first5=D. M.  | last6=Clamp  | first6=M.  | last7=Smink  | first7=L. J.  | last8=Ainscough  | first8=R.  | last9=Almeida  | first9=J. P. }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lieberman AP |title=Androgens regulate the mammalian homologues of invertebrate sex determination genes tra-2 and fox-1 |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=282 |issue= 2 |pages= 499–506 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11401487 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4617  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Friedlich DL  | author3=Harmison G  | display-authors=3  | last4=Howell  | first4=BW  | last5=Jordan  | first5=CL  | last6=Breedlove  | first6=SM  | last7=Fischbeck  | first7=KH }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Norris JD, Fan D, Sherk A, McDonnell DP |title=A negative coregulator for the human ER |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=16 |issue= 3 |pages= 459–468 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11875103 |doi=10.1210/me.16.3.459  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–16903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899  | pmc=139241  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Feingold EA  | author3=Grouse LH  | display-authors=3  | last4=Derge  | first4=JG  | last5=Klausner  | first5=RD  | last6=Collins  | first6=FS  | last7=Wagner  | first7=L  | last8=Shenmen  | first8=CM  | last9=Schuler  | first9=GD }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Collins JE |title=Reevaluating human gene annotation: a second-generation analysis of chromosome 22 |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 1 |pages= 27–36 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12529303 |doi= 10.1101/gr.695703  | pmc=430954  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Goward ME  | author3=Cole CG  | display-authors=3  | last4=Smink  | first4=LJ  | last5=Huckle  | first5=EJ  | last6=Knowles  | first6=S  | last7=Bye  | first7=JM  | last8=Beare  | first8=DM  | last9=Dunham  | first9=I }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ota T |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–45 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Suzuki Y  | author3=Nishikawa T  | display-authors=3  | last4=Otsuki  | first4=Tetsuji  | last5=Sugiyama  | first5=Tomoyasu  | last6=Irie  | first6=Ryotaro  | last7=Wakamatsu  | first7=Ai  | last8=Hayashi  | first8=Koji  | last9=Sato  | first9=Hiroyuki }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Collins JE |title=A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome |journal=Genome Biol. |volume=5 |issue= 10 |pages= R84 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15461802 |doi= 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84  | pmc=545604  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wright CL  | author3=Edwards CA  | display-authors=3  | last4=Davis  | first4=Matthew P  | last5=Grinham  | first5=James A  | last6=Cole  | first6=Charlotte G  | last7=Goward  | first7=Melanie E  | last8=Aguado  | first8=Begoña  | last9=Mallya  | first9=Meera }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–2127 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504  | pmc=528928  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wagner L  | author3=Feingold EA  | display-authors=3  | last4=Shenmen  | first4=CM  | last5=Grouse  | first5=LH  | last6=Schuler  | first6=G  | last7=Klein  | first7=SL  | last8=Old  | first8=S  | last9=Rasooly  | first9=R }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rual JF |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173–1178 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Venkatesan K  | author3=Hao T  | display-authors=3  | last4=Hirozane-Kishikawa  | first4=Tomoko  | last5=Dricot  | first5=Amélie  | last6=Li  | first6=Ning  | last7=Berriz  | first7=Gabriel F.  | last8=Gibbons  | first8=Francis D.  | last9=Dreze  | first9=Matija }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Underwood JG |title=Homologues of the Caenorhabditis elegans Fox-1 protein are neuronal splicing regulators in mammals |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=25 |issue= 22 |pages= 10005–10016 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16260614 |doi= 10.1128/MCB.25.22.10005-10016.2005  | pmc=1280273  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Boutz PL  | author3=Dougherty JD  | display-authors=3  | last4=Stoilov  | first4=P.  | last5=Black  | first5=D. L. }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kimura K |title=Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes |journal=Genome Res. |volume=16 |issue= 1 |pages= 55–65 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16344560 |doi= 10.1101/gr.4039406  | pmc=1356129  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wakamatsu A  | author3=Suzuki Y  | display-authors=3  | last4=Ota  | first4=T  | last5=Nishikawa  | first5=T  | last6=Yamashita  | first6=R  | last7=Yamamoto  | first7=J  | last8=Sekine  | first8=M  | last9=Tsuritani  | first9=K }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ponthier JL |title=Fox-2 splicing factor binds to a conserved intron motif to promote inclusion of protein 4.1R alternative exon 16 |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 18 |pages= 12468–12474 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16537540 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M511556200  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Schluepen C  | author3=Chen W  | display-authors=3  | last4=Lersch  | first4=RA  | last5=Gee  | first5=SL  | last6=Hou  | first6=VC  | last7=Lo  | first7=AJ  | last8=Short  | first8=SA  | last9=Chasis  | first9=JA }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lim J |title=A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration |journal=Cell |volume=125 |issue= 4 |pages= 801–814 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16713569 |doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Hao T  | author3=Shaw C  | display-authors=3  | last4=Patel  | first4=Akash J.  | last5=Szabó  | first5=Gábor  | last6=Rual  | first6=Jean-François  | last7=Fisk  | first7=C. Joseph  | last8=Li  | first8=Ning  | last9=Smolyar  | first9=Alex }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=23543}}
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{{PBB_Controls
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| require_manual_inspection = no  
| require_manual_inspection = no  
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_summary = no
| update_citations = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_RBM9_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2cq3.
| PDB = {{PDB2|2cq3}}, {{PDB2|2err}}
| Name = RNA binding motif protein 9
| HGNCid = 9906
| Symbol = RBM9
| AltSymbols =; HRNBP2; RTA
| OMIM = 
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 49375
| MGIid = 1933973
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_RBM9_212104_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_RBM9_213901_x_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003714 |text = transcription corepressor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003723 |text = RNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008134 |text = transcription factor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016070 |text = RNA metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016481 |text = negative regulation of transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030520 |text = estrogen receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042127 |text = regulation of cell proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 23543
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000100320
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001026865
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001031695
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 22
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 34469593
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 34754495
    | Hs_Uniprot = O43251
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 93686
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000033565
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_053104
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_444334
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 15
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 76909594
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 77134183
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''RNA binding motif protein 9''', also known as '''RBM9''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RBM9 RNA binding motif protein 9| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23543| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene is one of several human genes similar to the C. elegans gene Fox-1. This gene encodes an RNA binding protein that is thought to be a key regulator of alternative exon splicing in the nervous system and other cell types. The protein binds to a conserved UGCAUG element found downstream of many alternatively spliced exons and promotes inclusion of the alternative exon in mature transcripts. The protein also interacts with the estrogen receptor 1 transcription factor and regulates estrogen receptor 1 transcriptional activity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RBM9 RNA binding motif protein 9| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23543| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal  | author=Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. |journal=Nature |volume=402 |issue= 6761 |pages= 489-95 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10591208 |doi= 10.1038/990031 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lieberman AP, Friedlich DL, Harmison G, ''et al.'' |title=Androgens regulate the mammalian homologues of invertebrate sex determination genes tra-2 and fox-1. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=282 |issue= 2 |pages= 499-506 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11401487 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4617 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Norris JD, Fan D, Sherk A, McDonnell DP |title=A negative coregulator for the human ER. |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=16 |issue= 3 |pages= 459-68 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11875103 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Collins JE, Goward ME, Cole CG, ''et al.'' |title=Reevaluating human gene annotation: a second-generation analysis of chromosome 22. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 1 |pages= 27-36 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12529303 |doi= 10.1101/gr.695703 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, ''et al.'' |title=A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. |journal=Genome Biol. |volume=5 |issue= 10 |pages= R84 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15461802 |doi= 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, ''et al.'' |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173-8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Underwood JG, Boutz PL, Dougherty JD, ''et al.'' |title=Homologues of the Caenorhabditis elegans Fox-1 protein are neuronal splicing regulators in mammals. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=25 |issue= 22 |pages= 10005-16 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16260614 |doi= 10.1128/MCB.25.22.10005-10016.2005 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, ''et al.'' |title=Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=16 |issue= 1 |pages= 55-65 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16344560 |doi= 10.1101/gr.4039406 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ponthier JL, Schluepen C, Chen W, ''et al.'' |title=Fox-2 splicing factor binds to a conserved intron motif to promote inclusion of protein 4.1R alternative exon 16. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 18 |pages= 12468-74 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16537540 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M511556200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, ''et al.'' |title=A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration. |journal=Cell |volume=125 |issue= 4 |pages= 801-14 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16713569 |doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032 }}
}}
{{refend}}


{{gene-22-stub}}
{{gene-22-stub}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 12:27, 9 January 2019

"FOX-2" redirects here. For other uses, see Fox 2.
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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

RNA binding motif protein 9 (RBM9), also known as Rbfox2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the RBM9 gene.[1]

Function

Rbfox2 is one of several human genes similar to the C. elegans gene Fox-1. This gene encodes an RNA binding protein that is thought to be a key regulator of alternative splicing in the nervous system and other cell types. Rbfox2 and the related protein Rbfox1 bind to conserved (U)GCAUG RNA motifs in the introns adjacent to many alternatively spliced exons and promotes inclusion or exclusion of the alternative exon in mature transcripts.[2][3] The protein also interacts with the estrogen receptor 1 transcription factor and regulates estrogen receptor 1 transcriptional activity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[1]

Rbfox2, as determined by CLIP-seq, binds near alternatively spliced exons and regulates the inclusion or exclusion of exons during alternative splicing by binding in introns either downstream (inclusion) or upstream (exon skipping) of exons. Its presence is important for stem cell survival and knockdowns of Rbfox2 activate markers for apoptosis.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: RBM9 RNA binding motif protein 9".
  2. ↑ Jin, Y. (2003-02-17). "A vertebrate RNA-binding protein Fox-1 regulates tissue-specific splicing via the pentanucleotide GCAUG". The EMBO Journal. Wiley-Blackwell. 22 (4): 905–912. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg089. ISSN 1460-2075. PMC 145449.
  3. ↑ Ponthier, Julie L.; Schluepen, Christina; Chen, Weiguo; Lersch, Robert A.; Gee, Sherry L.; Hou, Victor C.; Lo, Annie J.; Short, Sarah A.; Chasis, Joel A.; Winkelmann, John C.; Conboy, John G. (2006-03-14). "Fox-2 Splicing Factor Binds to a Conserved Intron Motif to Promote Inclusion of Protein 4.1R Alternative Exon 16". Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (ASBMB). 281 (18): 12468–12474. doi:10.1074/jbc.m511556200. ISSN 0021-9258.
  4. ↑ Yeo GW, Coufal NG, Liang TY, Peng GE, Fu XD, Gage FH (February 2009). "An RNA code for the FOX2 splicing regulator revealed by mapping RNA-protein interactions in stem cells". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 16 (2): 130–137. doi:10.1038/nsmb.1545. PMC 2735254. PMID 19136955.

Further reading



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