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{{Merge|Vertebrate telomerase RNA|date=December 2007}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox rfam
{{PBB_Controls
| Name = Vertebrate telomerase RNA
| update_page = yes
| image = RF00024.jpg
| require_manual_inspection = no
| height = 276px
| update_protein_box = yes
| caption =  
| update_summary = yes
| Symbol = Telomerase-vert
| update_citations = yes
| AltSymbols =
| Rfam = RF00024
| RNA_type = [[Gene]]
| Tax_domain = [[Eukaryote]]; [[Virus]]
| CAS_number =
| EntrezGene =
| HGNCid =
| OMIM =
| PDB =
| RefSeq =  
| Chromosome =  
| Arm =  
| Band =  
| LocusSupplementaryData =  
}}
}}
{{Infobox rfam
| Name = Ciliate telomerase RNA
| image = RF00025.jpg
| width= 240px
| caption =
| Symbol = Telomerase-cil
| AltSymbols =
| Rfam = RF00025
| RNA_type = [[Gene]]
| Tax_domain = [[Eukaryote]]
| CAS_number =
| EntrezGene =
| HGNCid =
| OMIM =
| PDB =
| RefSeq =
| Chromosome =
| Arm =
| Band =
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}}
{{Infobox rfam
| Name = Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase RNA
| image = RF01050.png
| width= 240px
| caption =
| Symbol =  Sacc_telomerase
| AltSymbols =
| Rfam = RF01050
| RNA_type = [[Gene]]
| Tax_domain = [[Eukaryote]]
| CAS_number =
| EntrezGene =
| HGNCid =
| OMIM =
| PDB =
| RefSeq =
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'''Telomerase RNA component''', also known as '''TERC''', is an [[Non-coding RNA|ncRNA]] found in [[eukaryotes]] that is a component of [[telomerase]], the enzyme used to extend [[telomeres]].<ref name="pmid7544491">{{cite journal |vauthors=Feng J, Funk WD, Wang SS, Weinrich SL, Avilion AA, Chiu CP, Adams RR, Chang E, Allsopp RC, Yu J | title = The RNA component of human telomerase | journal = Science | volume = 269 | issue = 5228 | pages = 1236–41 |date=September 1995 | pmid = 7544491 | doi = 10.1126/science.7544491| url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid16319170">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jády BE, Richard P, Bertrand E, Kiss T | title = Cell Cycle-dependent Recruitment of Telomerase RNA and Cajal Bodies to Human Telomeres | journal = Mol. Biol. Cell | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 944–54 |date=February 2006 | pmid = 16319170 | pmc = 1356602 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.E05-09-0904 | url = }}</ref> TERC serves as a template for telomere [[DNA replication|replication]] ([[Reverse transcriptase|reverse transcription]]) by telomerase.  Telomerase RNAs differ greatly in sequence and structure between vertebrates, ciliates and yeasts, but they share a [[5']] [[pseudoknot]] structure close to the template sequence. The vertebrate telomerase RNAs have a 3' [[Small nucleolar RNA#H/ACA box|H/ACA]] [[snoRNA]]-like domain.<ref>{{cite journal | last = McCormick-Graham | first = M |author2=Romero DP  | year = 1995 | title = Ciliate telomerase RNA structural features | journal = Nucleic Acids Res | volume = 23 | pages = 1091&ndash;1097 | pmid = 7739888 | doi = 10.1093/nar/23.7.1091 | issue = 7 | pmc = 306816}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Lingner | first = J |author2=Hendrick LL |author3=Cech TR  | year = 1994 | title = Telomerase RNAs of different ciliates have a common secondary structure and a permuted template | journal = Genes Dev | volume = 8 | pages = 1984&ndash;1998 | pmid = 7958872 | doi = 10.1101/gad.8.16.1984 | issue = 16}}</ref><ref name="pmid16713250">{{cite journal |vauthors=Theimer CA, Feigon J | title = Structure and function of telomerase RNA | journal = Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 307–18 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16713250 | doi = 10.1016/j.sbi.2006.05.005 }}</ref>


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
 
| image =
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. This repeat does vary across [[eukaryote]]s (see the table on the [[Telomere#Sequences|telomere]] article for a complete list). The enzyme consists of a protein component ([[TERT]]) with [[reverse transcriptase]] activity, and an RNA component, encoded by this gene, that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. CCCUAA found near position 50 of the vertebrate TERC sequence acts as the template. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular [[senescence]], as it is normally repressed in postnatal [[somatic cell]]s resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in [[oncogenesis]]. Studies in mice suggest that telomerase also participates in [[DNA repair|chromosomal repair]], since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at [[DNA repair#Double-strand breaks|double-stranded breaks]].<ref name="entrez"/> [[Homology (biology)|Homologs]] of TERC can also be found in the [[Herpesviridae|Gallid herpes virus]]es.<ref name=Fragnet>{{cite journal | last = Fragnet | first = L |author2=Kut E |author3=Rasschaert D | year = 2005 | title = Comparative functional study of the viral telomerase RNA based on natural mutations | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 280 | pages = 23502&ndash;23515 | pmid = 15811851 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M501163200 | issue = 25}}</ref>
| image_source =
 
| PDB =
== Clinical significance ==
  | Name = Telomerase RNA component
| HGNCid = 11727
| Symbol = TERC
| AltSymbols =; TR; SCARNA19; TRC3; hTR
| OMIM = 602322
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 
| MGIid = 
| Function =
| Component =
| Process =
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 7012
    | Hs_Ensembl =
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'''Telomerase RNA component''', also known as '''TERC''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TERC telomerase RNA component| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7012| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant [[dyskeratosis congenita]], and may also be associated with some cases of [[aplastic anemia]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TERC telomerase RNA component| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7012| accessdate = }}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, and an RNA component, encoded by this gene, that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. Studies in mouse suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at double-stranded breaks. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita, and may also be associated with some cases of aplastic anemia.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TERC telomerase RNA component| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7012| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=de Lange T, Jacks T |title=For better or worse? Telomerase inhibition and cancer |journal=Cell |volume=98 |issue= 3 |pages= 273–5 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10458601 |doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81955-8 }}
| citations =
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Marrone A, Dokal I |title=Dyskeratosis congenita: molecular insights into telomerase function, ageing and cancer |journal=Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine |volume=6 |issue= 26 |pages= 1–23 |year= 2007 |pmid= 15613268 |doi= 10.1017/S1462399404008671 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=de Lange T, Jacks T |title=For better or worse? Telomerase inhibition and cancer. |journal=Cell |volume=98 |issue= 3 |pages= 273-5 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10458601 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yamaguchi H |title=Mutations of telomerase complex genes linked to bone marrow failures |journal=Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nihon Ika Daigaku zasshi |volume=74 |issue= 3 |pages= 202–9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17625368 |doi=  10.1272/jnms.74.202}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Marrone A, Dokal I |title=Dyskeratosis congenita: molecular insights into telomerase function, ageing and cancer. |journal=Expert reviews in molecular medicine |volume=6 |issue= 26 |pages= 1-23 |year= 2007 |pmid= 15613268 |doi= 10.1017/S1462399404008671 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Zaug AJ, Linger J, Cech TR |title=Method for determining RNA 3' ends and application to human telomerase RNA |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=24 |issue= 3 |pages= 532–3 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8602368 |doi=10.1093/nar/24.3.532  | pmc=145649  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yamaguchi H |title=Mutations of telomerase complex genes linked to bone marrow failures. |journal=Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nihon Ika Daigaku zasshi |volume=74 |issue= 3 |pages= 202-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17625368 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Soder AI |title=Mapping of the gene for the mouse telomerase RNA component, Terc, to chromosome 3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and mouse chromosome painting |journal=Genomics |volume=41 |issue= 2 |pages= 293–4 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9143511 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.4621 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Hoare SF | author3=Muire S | display-authors=3 | last4=Balmain  | first4=Allan  | last5=Parkinson  | first5=E.Kenneth  | last6=Keith  | first6=W.Nicol }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Feng J, Funk WD, Wang SS, ''et al.'' |title=The RNA component of human telomerase. |journal=Science |volume=269 |issue= 5228 |pages= 1236-41 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7544491 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zhao JQ |title=Cloning and characterization of human and mouse telomerase RNA gene promoter sequences |journal=Oncogene |volume=16 |issue= 10 |pages= 1345–50 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9546436 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1201892  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Hoare SF  | author3=McFarlane R  | display-authors=3  | last4=Muir  | first4=Sharon  | last5=Parkinson  | first5=E Kenneth  | last6=Black  | first6=Donald M  | last7=Keith  | first7=W Nicol }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zaug AJ, Linger J, Cech TR |title=Method for determining RNA 3' ends and application to human telomerase RNA. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=24 |issue= 3 |pages= 532-3 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8602368 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Mitchell JR, Wood E, Collins K |title=A telomerase component is defective in the human disease dyskeratosis congenita |journal=Nature |volume=402 |issue= 6761 |pages= 551–5 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10591218 |doi= 10.1038/990141 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Soder AI, Hoare SF, Muire S, ''et al.'' |title=Mapping of the gene for the mouse telomerase RNA component, Terc, to chromosome 3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and mouse chromosome painting. |journal=Genomics |volume=41 |issue= 2 |pages= 293-4 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9143511 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.4621 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Chen JL, Blasco MA, Greider CW |title=Secondary structure of vertebrate telomerase RNA |journal=Cell |volume=100 |issue= 5 |pages= 503–14 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10721988 |doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80687-X  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zhao JQ, Hoare SF, McFarlane R, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and characterization of human and mouse telomerase RNA gene promoter sequences. |journal=Oncogene |volume=16 |issue= 10 |pages= 1345-50 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9546436 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1201892 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wong KK |title=Telomere dysfunction impairs DNA repair and enhances sensitivity to ionizing radiation |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=26 |issue= 1 |pages= 85–8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10973255 |doi= 10.1038/79232 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Chang S | author3=Weiler SR  | display-authors=3  | last4=Weiler  | first4=Sarah R. | last5=Ganesan  | first5=Shridar  | last6=Chaudhuri  | first6=Jayanta  | last7=Zhu  | first7=Chengming  | last8=Artandi  | first8=Steven E.  | last9=Rudolph  | first9=Karl Lenhard }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mitchell JR, Wood E, Collins K |title=A telomerase component is defective in the human disease dyskeratosis congenita. |journal=Nature |volume=402 |issue= 6761 |pages= 551-5 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10591218 |doi= 10.1038/990141 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Mitchell JR, Collins K |title=Human telomerase activation requires two independent interactions between telomerase RNA and telomerase reverse transcriptase |journal=Mol. Cell |volume=6 |issue= 2 |pages= 361–71 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10983983 |doi=10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00036-8  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chen JL, Blasco MA, Greider CW |title=Secondary structure of vertebrate telomerase RNA. |journal=Cell |volume=100 |issue= 5 |pages= 503-14 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10721988 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Imoto I |title=SNO is a probable target for gene amplification at 3q26 in squamous-cell carcinomas of the esophagus |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=286 |issue= 3 |pages= 559–65 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11511096 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5428 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Pimkhaokham A  | author3=Fukuda Y  | display-authors=3  | last4=Yang  | first4=Zeng-Quan  | last5=Shimada  | first5=Yutaka  | last6=Nomura  | first6=Nobuo  | last7=Hirai | first7=Hisamaru  | last8=Imamura  | first8=Masayuki  | last9=Inazawa  | first9=Johji }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wong KK, Chang S, Weiler SR, ''et al.'' |title=Telomere dysfunction impairs DNA repair and enhances sensitivity to ionizing radiation. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=26 |issue= 1 |pages= 85-8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10973255 |doi= 10.1038/79232 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Vulliamy T |title=The RNA component of telomerase is mutated in autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita |journal=Nature |volume=413 |issue= 6854 |pages= 432–5 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11574891 |doi= 10.1038/35096585 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Marrone A | author3=Goldman F  | display-authors=3  | last4=Dearlove  | first4=Andrew  | last5=Bessler  | first5=Monica  | last6=Mason  | first6=Philip J.  | last7=Dokal | first7=Inderjeet }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mitchell JR, Collins K |title=Human telomerase activation requires two independent interactions between telomerase RNA and telomerase reverse transcriptase. |journal=Mol. Cell |volume=6 |issue= 2 |pages= 361-71 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10983983 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pruzan R |title=Allosteric inhibitors of telomerase: oligonucleotide N3′→P5′ phosphoramidates |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=30 |issue= 2 |pages= 559–68 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11788719 |doi=10.1093/nar/30.2.559 | pmc=99832  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Pongracz K | author3=Gietzen K  | display-authors=3  | last4=Wallweber  | first4=G  | last5=Gryaznov  | first5=S }}
*{{cite journal | author=Imoto I, Pimkhaokham A, Fukuda Y, ''et al.'' |title=SNO is a probable target for gene amplification at 3q26 in squamous-cell carcinomas of the esophagus. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=286 |issue= 3 |pages= 559-65 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11511096 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5428 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Zhang RG, Zhang RP, Wang XW, Xie H |title=Effects of cisplatin on telomerase activity and telomere length in BEL-7404 human hepatoma cells |journal=Cell Res. |volume=12 |issue= 1 |pages= 55–62 |year= 2004 |pmid= 11942411 |doi= 10.1038/sj.cr.7290110 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Vulliamy T, Marrone A, Goldman F, ''et al.'' |title=The RNA component of telomerase is mutated in autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita. |journal=Nature |volume=413 |issue= 6854 |pages= 432-5 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11574891 |doi= 10.1038/35096585 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yang Y |title=Nucleolar localization of hTERT protein is associated with telomerase function |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=277 |issue= 2 |pages= 201–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12083802 |doi=10.1006/excr.2002.5541  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Chen Y  | author3=Zhang C  | display-authors=3  | last4=Huang  | first4=H  | last5=Weissman  | first5=SM  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pruzan R, Pongracz K, Gietzen K, ''et al.'' |title=Allosteric inhibitors of telomerase: oligonucleotide N3'-->P5' phosphoramidates. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=30 |issue= 2 |pages= 559-68 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11788719 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chang JT |title=Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telomerase subunits |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=269 |issue= 14 |pages= 3442–50 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12135483 |doi=10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03025.x  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Chen YL  | author3=Yang HT  | display-authors=3  | last4=Chen  | first4=Chi-Yuan  | last5=Cheng  | first5=Ann-Joy  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zhang RG, Zhang RP, Wang XW, Xie H |title=Effects of cisplatin on telomerase activity and telomere length in BEL-7404 human hepatoma cells. |journal=Cell Res. |volume=12 |issue= 1 |pages= 55-62 |year= 2004 |pmid= 11942411 |doi= 10.1038/sj.cr.7290110 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Gavory G, Farrow M, Balasubramanian S |title=Minimum length requirement of the alignment domain of human telomerase RNA to sustain catalytic activity in vitro |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=30 |issue= 20 |pages= 4470–80 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12384594 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkf575  | pmc=137139  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yang Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, ''et al.'' |title=Nucleolar localization of hTERT protein is associated with telomerase function. |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=277 |issue= 2 |pages= 201-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12083802 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sood AK |title=p53 null mutations are associated with a telomerase negative phenotype in ovarian carcinoma |journal=Cancer Biol. Ther. |volume=1 |issue= 5 |pages= 511–7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12496479 |doi=  10.4161/cbt.1.5.167|name-list-format=vanc| author2=Coffin J  | author3=Jabbari S  | display-authors=3  | last4=Buller  | first4=RE  | last5=Hendrix  | first5=MJ  | last6=Klingelhutz  | first6=A  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chang JT, Chen YL, Yang HT, ''et al.'' |title=Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telomerase subunits. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=269 |issue= 14 |pages= 3442-50 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12135483 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | last = Antal | first = M |author2=Boros E |author3=Solymosy F |author4=Kiss T  | year = 2002 | title = Analysis of the structure of human telomerase RNA in vivo | journal = Nucleic Acids Res | volume = 30 | pages = 912&ndash;920 | pmid = 11842102 | doi = 10.1093/nar/30.4.912 | issue = 4 | pmc = 100349}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gavory G, Farrow M, Balasubramanian S |title=Minimum length requirement of the alignment domain of human telomerase RNA to sustain catalytic activity in vitro. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=30 |issue= 20 |pages= 4470-80 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12384594 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sood AK, Coffin J, Jabbari S, ''et al.'' |title=p53 null mutations are associated with a telomerase negative phenotype in ovarian carcinoma. |journal=Cancer Biol. Ther. |volume=1 |issue= 5 |pages= 511-7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12496479 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
==External links==
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=dkc  GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Dyskeratosis Congenita]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=pf  GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Pulmonary Fibrosis, Familial]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7012 EntrezGene page for TERC]
* {{Rfam|id=RF00024|name=Vertebrate telomerase RNA}}
* {{Rfam|id=RF00025|name=Ciliate telomerase RNA}}
* {{Rfam|id=RF01050|name=Saccharomyces telomerase}}
 
{{DNA replication}}
 
[[Category:Non-coding RNA]]
[[Category:Telomeres]]

Latest revision as of 22:54, 27 July 2018

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

n/a

Ensembl

n/a

n/a

UniProt

n/a

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RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
Vertebrate telomerase RNA
File:RF00024.jpg
Identifiers
SymbolTelomerase-vert
RfamRF00024
Other data
RNA typeGene
Domain(s)Eukaryote; Virus
PDB structuresPDBe
Ciliate telomerase RNA
File:RF00025.jpg
Identifiers
SymbolTelomerase-cil
RfamRF00025
Other data
RNA typeGene
Domain(s)Eukaryote
PDB structuresPDBe
Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase RNA
File:RF01050.png
Identifiers
SymbolSacc_telomerase
RfamRF01050
Other data
RNA typeGene
Domain(s)Eukaryote
PDB structuresPDBe

Telomerase RNA component, also known as TERC, is an ncRNA found in eukaryotes that is a component of telomerase, the enzyme used to extend telomeres.[1][2] TERC serves as a template for telomere replication (reverse transcription) by telomerase. Telomerase RNAs differ greatly in sequence and structure between vertebrates, ciliates and yeasts, but they share a 5' pseudoknot structure close to the template sequence. The vertebrate telomerase RNAs have a 3' H/ACA snoRNA-like domain.[3][4][5]

Function

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. This repeat does vary across eukaryotes (see the table on the telomere article for a complete list). The enzyme consists of a protein component (TERT) with reverse transcriptase activity, and an RNA component, encoded by this gene, that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. CCCUAA found near position 50 of the vertebrate TERC sequence acts as the template. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. Studies in mice suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at double-stranded breaks.[6] Homologs of TERC can also be found in the Gallid herpes viruses.[7]

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita, and may also be associated with some cases of aplastic anemia.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Feng J, Funk WD, Wang SS, Weinrich SL, Avilion AA, Chiu CP, Adams RR, Chang E, Allsopp RC, Yu J (September 1995). "The RNA component of human telomerase". Science. 269 (5228): 1236–41. doi:10.1126/science.7544491. PMID 7544491.
  2. ↑ Jády BE, Richard P, Bertrand E, Kiss T (February 2006). "Cell Cycle-dependent Recruitment of Telomerase RNA and Cajal Bodies to Human Telomeres". Mol. Biol. Cell. 17 (2): 944–54. doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-09-0904. PMC 1356602. PMID 16319170.
  3. ↑ McCormick-Graham, M; Romero DP (1995). "Ciliate telomerase RNA structural features". Nucleic Acids Res. 23 (7): 1091&ndash, 1097. doi:10.1093/nar/23.7.1091. PMC 306816. PMID 7739888.
  4. ↑ Lingner, J; Hendrick LL; Cech TR (1994). "Telomerase RNAs of different ciliates have a common secondary structure and a permuted template". Genes Dev. 8 (16): 1984&ndash, 1998. doi:10.1101/gad.8.16.1984. PMID 7958872.
  5. ↑ Theimer CA, Feigon J (2006). "Structure and function of telomerase RNA". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 16 (3): 307–18. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2006.05.005. PMID 16713250.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Entrez Gene: TERC telomerase RNA component".
  7. ↑ Fragnet, L; Kut E; Rasschaert D (2005). "Comparative functional study of the viral telomerase RNA based on natural mutations". J Biol Chem. 280 (25): 23502&ndash, 23515. doi:10.1074/jbc.M501163200. PMID 15811851.

Further reading

External links

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