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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Negative elongation factor A''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''WHSC2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid10409432">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wright TJ, Costa JL, Naranjo C, Francis-West P, Altherr MR | title = Comparative analysis of a novel gene from the Wolf-Hirschhorn/Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome critical region | journal = Genomics | volume = 59 | issue = 2 | pages = 203–12 | date = Jul 1999 | pmid = 10409432 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1999.5871 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: WHSC2 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7469| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = no
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 2
| HGNCid = 12768
| Symbol = WHSC2
| AltSymbols =; FLJ10442; FLJ25112; NELF-A; NELFA; P/OKcl.15
| OMIM = 606026
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 68478
| MGIid = 1346098
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_WHSC2_34225_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_WHSC2_203112_s_at_tn.png
| Function =  
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 7469
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000185049
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005654
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005663
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 4
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 1954248
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 1981635
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q9H3P2
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 24116
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000029111
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011914
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_036044
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 34214779
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 34253179
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3UK41
  }}
}}
'''Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 2''', also known as '''WHSC2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: WHSC2 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7469| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- User:Skoch3 stopped automatic updates to summary.  See Template:PBB_Controls. -->
This gene is expressed ubiquitously with higher levels in fetal than in adult tissues. It encodes a protein sharing 93% sequence identity with the mouse protein. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation syndrome associated with a hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4. This gene is mapped to the 165 kb WHS critical region, and may play a role in the phenotype of the WHS or Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome. The encoded protein is found to be capable of reacting with HLA-A2-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, suggesting a target for use in specific immunotherapy for a large number of cancer patients. This protein has also been shown to be a member of the [[Negative elongation factor|NELF (negative elongation factor)]] protein complex that participates in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation.<ref name="entrez" />  WHSC2 encodes the NELF-A subunit of the NELF complex.<ref name="pmid12612062">{{cite journal | vauthors = Narita T, Yamaguchi Y, Yano K, Sugimoto S, Chanarat S, Wada T, Kim DK, Hasegawa J, Omori M, Inukai N, Endoh M, Yamada T, Handa H | title = Human transcription elongation factor NELF: identification of novel subunits and reconstitution of the functionally active complex | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 23 | issue = 6 | pages = 1863–73 | date = Mar 2003 | pmid = 12612062 | pmc = 149481 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.23.6.1863-1873.2003 }}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene is expressed ubiquitously with higher levels in fetal than in adult tissues. It encodes a protein sharing 93% sequence identity with the mouse protein. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation syndrome associated with a hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4. This gene is mapped to the 165 kb WHS critical region, and may play a role in the phenotype of the WHS or Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome. The encoded protein is found to be capable of reacting with HLA-A2-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, suggesting a target for use in specific immunotherapy for a large number of cancer patients. This protein has also been shown to be a member of the [[Negative elongation factor|NELF (negative elongation factor)]] protein complex that participates in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: WHSC2 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7469| accessdate = }}</ref>  WHSC2 encodes the NELF-A subunit of the NELF complex.<ref name=Narita2003>{{cite journal | author = Narita, Takashi | coauthors = Yamaguchi, Yuki ; Yano, Keiichi; Sugimoto, Seiji; Chanarat, Sittinan; Wada, Tadashi; Kim, Dong-ki; Hasegawa, Jun; Omori, Masashi; Inukai, Naoto; Endoh, Masaki; Yamada, Tomoko; Handa, Hiroshi | title = Human Transcription Elongation Factor NELF: Identification of Novel Subunits and Reconstitution of the Functionally Active Complex | journal = MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY | volume = 23 | pages =1863–1873 | year = 2003 | pmid= 12612062 |doi = 10.1128/MCB.23.6.1863-1873.2003}}</ref>
}}


==References==
== Interactions ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
WHSC2 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[RDBP]].<ref name="pmid12612062"/>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gutmajster E, Rokicka A | title = [Genetic determination of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome ] | journal = Wiadomości Lekarskie | volume = 55 | issue = 11-12 | pages = 706–10 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12715353 | doi =  }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Stevens M, De Clercq E, Balzarini J | title = The regulation of HIV-1 transcription: molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention | journal = Medicinal Research Reviews | volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 595–625 | date = Sep 2006 | pmid = 16838299 | doi = 10.1002/med.20081 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gutmajster E, Rokicka A |title=[Genetic determination of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome ] |journal=Wiad. Lek. |volume=55 |issue= 11-12 |pages= 706-10 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12715353 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 171–4 | date = Jan 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Stevens M, De Clercq E, Balzarini J |title=The regulation of HIV-1 transcription: molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention. |journal=Med Res Rev |volume=26 |issue= 5 |pages= 595-625 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16838299 |doi= 10.1002/med.20081 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA | title = A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction | journal = Analytical Biochemistry | volume = 236 | issue = 1 | pages = 107–13 | date = Apr 1996 | pmid = 8619474 | doi = 10.1006/abio.1996.0138 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 171-4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wright TJ, Ricke DO, Denison K, Abmayr S, Cotter PD, Hirschhorn K, Keinänen M, McDonald-McGinn D, Somer M, Spinner N, Yang-Feng T, Zackai E, Altherr MR | title = A transcript map of the newly defined 165 kb Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region | journal = Human Molecular Genetics | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 317–24 | date = Feb 1997 | pmid = 9063753 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/6.2.317 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, ''et al.'' |title=A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction. |journal=Anal. Biochem. |volume=236 |issue= 1 |pages= 107-13 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8619474 |doi= 10.1006/abio.1996.0138 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA | title = Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing | journal = Genome Research | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 353–8 | date = Apr 1997 | pmid = 9110174 | pmc = 139146 | doi = 10.1101/gr.7.4.353 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wright TJ, Ricke DO, Denison K, ''et al.'' |title=A transcript map of the newly defined 165 kb Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=6 |issue= 2 |pages= 317-24 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9063753 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S | title = Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library | journal = Gene | volume = 200 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 149–56 | date = Oct 1997 | pmid = 9373149 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, ''et al.'' |title=Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=7 |issue= 4 |pages= 353-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9110174 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yamaguchi Y, Takagi T, Wada T, Yano K, Furuya A, Sugimoto S, Hasegawa J, Handa H | title = NELF, a multisubunit complex containing RD, cooperates with DSIF to repress RNA polymerase II elongation | journal = Cell | volume = 97 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–51 | date = Apr 1999 | pmid = 10199401 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80713-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, ''et al.'' |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149-56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ping YH, Rana TM | title = DSIF and NELF interact with RNA polymerase II elongation complex and HIV-1 Tat stimulates P-TEFb-mediated phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and DSIF during transcription elongation | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 16 | pages = 12951–8 | date = Apr 2001 | pmid = 11112772 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M006130200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yamaguchi Y, Takagi T, Wada T, ''et al.'' |title=NELF, a multisubunit complex containing RD, cooperates with DSIF to repress RNA polymerase II elongation. |journal=Cell |volume=97 |issue= 1 |pages= 41-51 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10199401 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mariotti M, Manganini M, Maier JA | title = Modulation of WHSC2 expression in human endothelial cells | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 487 | issue = 2 | pages = 166–70 | date = Dec 2000 | pmid = 11150502 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02335-8 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wright TJ, Costa JL, Naranjo C, ''et al.'' |title=Comparative analysis of a novel gene from the Wolf-Hirschhorn/Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome critical region. |journal=Genomics |volume=59 |issue= 2 |pages= 203-12 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10409432 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1999.5871 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ito M, Shichijo S, Tsuda N, Ochi M, Harashima N, Saito N, Itoh K | title = Molecular basis of T cell-mediated recognition of pancreatic cancer cells | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 61 | issue = 5 | pages = 2038–46 | date = Mar 2001 | pmid = 11280764 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ping YH, Rana TM |title=DSIF and NELF interact with RNA polymerase II elongation complex and HIV-1 Tat stimulates P-TEFb-mediated phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and DSIF during transcription elongation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 16 |pages= 12951-8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11112772 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M006130200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yamaguchi Y, Filipovska J, Yano K, Furuya A, Inukai N, Narita T, Wada T, Sugimoto S, Konarska MM, Handa H | title = Stimulation of RNA polymerase II elongation by hepatitis delta antigen | journal = Science | volume = 293 | issue = 5527 | pages = 124–7 | date = Jul 2001 | pmid = 11387440 | doi = 10.1126/science.1057925 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mariotti M, Manganini M, Maier JA |title=Modulation of WHSC2 expression in human endothelial cells. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=487 |issue= 2 |pages= 166-70 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11150502 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yamaguchi Y, Inukai N, Narita T, Wada T, Handa H | title = Evidence that negative elongation factor represses transcription elongation through binding to a DRB sensitivity-inducing factor/RNA polymerase II complex and RNA | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 22 | issue = 9 | pages = 2918–27 | date = May 2002 | pmid = 11940650 | pmc = 133766 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.22.9.2918-2927.2002 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ito M, Shichijo S, Tsuda N, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular basis of T cell-mediated recognition of pancreatic cancer cells. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=61 |issue= 5 |pages= 2038-46 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11280764 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Zollino M, Lecce R, Fischetto R, Murdolo M, Faravelli F, Selicorni A, Buttè C, Memo L, Capovilla G, Neri G | title = Mapping the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome phenotype outside the currently accepted WHS critical region and defining a new critical region, WHSCR-2 | journal = American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 72 | issue = 3 | pages = 590–7 | date = Mar 2003 | pmid = 12563561 | pmc = 1180235 | doi = 10.1086/367925 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yamaguchi Y, Filipovska J, Yano K, ''et al.'' |title=Stimulation of RNA polymerase II elongation by hepatitis delta antigen. |journal=Science |volume=293 |issue= 5527 |pages= 124-7 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11387440 |doi= 10.1126/science.1057925 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Narita T, Yamaguchi Y, Yano K, Sugimoto S, Chanarat S, Wada T, Kim DK, Hasegawa J, Omori M, Inukai N, Endoh M, Yamada T, Handa H | title = Human transcription elongation factor NELF: identification of novel subunits and reconstitution of the functionally active complex | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 23 | issue = 6 | pages = 1863–73 | date = Mar 2003 | pmid = 12612062 | pmc = 149481 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.23.6.1863-1873.2003 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yamaguchi Y, Inukai N, Narita T, ''et al.'' |title=Evidence that negative elongation factor represses transcription elongation through binding to a DRB sensitivity-inducing factor/RNA polymerase II complex and RNA. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=22 |issue= 9 |pages= 2918-27 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11940650 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP | title = Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 101 | issue = 33 | pages = 12130–5 | date = Aug 2004 | pmid = 15302935 | pmc = 514446 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zollino M, Lecce R, Fischetto R, ''et al.'' |title=Mapping the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome phenotype outside the currently accepted WHS critical region and defining a new critical region, WHSCR-2. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=72 |issue= 3 |pages= 590-7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12563561 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Narita T, Yamaguchi Y, Yano K, ''et al.'' |title=Human transcription elongation factor NELF: identification of novel subunits and reconstitution of the functionally active complex. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=23 |issue= 6 |pages= 1863-73 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12612062 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, ''et al.'' |title=Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=101 |issue= 33 |pages= 12130-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15302935 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 }}
}}
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{{refend}}
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Latest revision as of 22:39, 17 September 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Negative elongation factor A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WHSC2 gene.[1][2]

Function

This gene is expressed ubiquitously with higher levels in fetal than in adult tissues. It encodes a protein sharing 93% sequence identity with the mouse protein. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation syndrome associated with a hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4. This gene is mapped to the 165 kb WHS critical region, and may play a role in the phenotype of the WHS or Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome. The encoded protein is found to be capable of reacting with HLA-A2-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, suggesting a target for use in specific immunotherapy for a large number of cancer patients. This protein has also been shown to be a member of the NELF (negative elongation factor) protein complex that participates in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation.[2] WHSC2 encodes the NELF-A subunit of the NELF complex.[3]

Interactions

WHSC2 has been shown to interact with RDBP.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Wright TJ, Costa JL, Naranjo C, Francis-West P, Altherr MR (Jul 1999). "Comparative analysis of a novel gene from the Wolf-Hirschhorn/Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome critical region". Genomics. 59 (2): 203–12. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5871. PMID 10409432.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: WHSC2 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 2".
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Narita T, Yamaguchi Y, Yano K, Sugimoto S, Chanarat S, Wada T, Kim DK, Hasegawa J, Omori M, Inukai N, Endoh M, Yamada T, Handa H (Mar 2003). "Human transcription elongation factor NELF: identification of novel subunits and reconstitution of the functionally active complex". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (6): 1863–73. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.6.1863-1873.2003. PMC 149481. PMID 12612062.

Further reading

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