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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Ovarian germ cell tumor]] |
| {{Infobox disease |
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| Name = Dysgerminoma |
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| Image = Seminoma high mag.jpg| |
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| Caption = [[Micrograph]] a [[seminoma]], a tumour that is [[histology|histologically]] indistinguishable from a '''dysgerminoma'''. [[H&E stain]]. |
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| DiseasesDB = |
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| ICD10 = |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|183.0}} |
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| ICDO = 9060/3 |
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| OMIM = |
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| MedlinePlus = |
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| MeshID = D004407 |
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| }}
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| {{Dysgerminoma}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview==
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| A '''dysgerminoma''' is a type of [[germ cell tumor]];<ref name="pmid17587461">{{cite journal |author=Behtash N, Karimi Zarchi M |title=Dysgerminoma in three patients with Swyer syndrome |journal=World J Surg Oncol |volume=5 |issue= 1|pages=71 |year=2007 |pmid=17587461 |pmc=1934908 |doi=10.1186/1477-7819-5-71 |url=http://www.wjso.com/content/5//71}}</ref> it usually is [[malignant]] and usually occurs in the [[ovary]].
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| A tumor of the identical [[histology]] but not occurring in the ovary may be described by an alternate name: [[seminoma]] in the [[testis]]<ref>{{DorlandsDict|three/000033062|dysgerminoma}}</ref> or [[germinoma]] in the [[central nervous system]] or other parts of the body.
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| Dysgerminoma accounts for less than 1% of ovarian tumors overall. Dysgerminoma usually occurs in [[adolescence]] and early adult life; about 5% occur in pre-pubertal children. Dysgerminoma is extremely rare after age 50. Dysgerminoma occurs in both ovaries in 10% of patients and, in a further 10%, there is microscopic tumor in the other ovary.
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| Abnormal [[gonad]]s (due to [[gonadal dysgenesis]] and [[androgen insensitivity syndrome]]) have a high risk<ref>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 18th ed. Chapter 553. Question 11, Gynecologic Problems of Childhood</ref> of developing a dysgerminoma. Most dysgerminomas are associated with elevated serum [[lactic dehydrogenase]] (LDH), which is sometimes used as a [[tumor marker]].
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| ==Presentation==
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| They are exceptionally associated with hypercalcemia. On gross examination, dysgerminomas present with a smooth, [[bosselated]] (knobby) external surface, and is soft, fleshy and either cream-coloured, gray, pink or tan when cut. Microscopic examination typically reveals uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells. Typically, the [[stroma (animal tissue)|stroma]] contains [[lymphocyte]]s and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like [[granuloma]]s.
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| [[Metastases]] are most often present in the [[lymph node]]s.
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| ==Treatment==
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| Dysgerminomas, like other [[seminomatous]] germ cell tumors, are very sensitive to both [[chemotherapy]] and [[radiotherapy]]. For this reason, with treatment patients' chances of long term survival, even cure, is excellent.
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| {{Germ cell tumors}}
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| {{Genital neoplasia}}
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| [[Category:Gynaecological neoplasia]]
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| [[Category:Germ cell neoplasia]]
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| {{oncology-stub}}
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| [[de:Dysgerminom]]
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| [[it:Disgerminoma]]
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