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| {{Insulin resistance}} | | {{Insulin resistance}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{DD}} |
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| ==Therapy== | | == [[Insulin resistance overview|Overview]] == |
| The primary treatment for insulin resistance is [[exercise]] and [[weight loss]]. In some individuals, a low [[glycemic index]] or a low carbohydrate diet may also help. Fasting might also help. Both [[metformin]] and the [[thiazolidinedione]]s improve insulin resistance, but are only approved therapies for type 2 diabetes, not insulin resistance, per se. By contrast, [[Growth hormone treatment|growth hormone replacement therapy]] may be associated with increased insulin resistance.<ref name=Bramnert_2003>{{cite journal | author=Bramnert M, Segerlantz M, Laurila E, Daugaard JR, Manhem P, Groop L | title=Growth hormone replacement therapy induces insulin resistance by activating the glucose-fatty acid cycle | journal=THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM| year=2003| volume=88 | issue=4 | pages=1455-1463 | url=http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/88/4/1455 | id=PMID 12679422}}</ref>
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| The ''Diabetes Prevention Program'' showed that exercise and diet were nearly twice as effective as [[metformin]] at reducing the risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes.<ref name=Knowler_2002>{{cite journal | author=Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group | title=Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin | journal=[[New England Journal of Medicine]]| year=2002 | volume=346 | issue=6 | pages=393-403 | url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/346/6/393 | id=PMID 11832527}}</ref>
| | == [[Insulin resistance historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] == |
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| Some types of [[Monounsaturated fat|Monounsaturated fatty acids]] and saturated fats appear to promote insulin resistance, whereas some types of [[Polyunsaturated fat|polyunsaturated fatty acids]] (omega 3) can increase insulin sensitivity.<ref name=Lovejoy_2002>{{cite journal | author=Lovejoy, JC | title=The influence of dietary fat on insulin resistance | journal=Current Diabetes Reports | year=2002 | volume=2 | issue=5 | pages= 435–440 | id=PMID 12643169}}</ref><ref name=Fukuchi_2004>{{cite journal | author=Fukuchi S | title=Role of Fatty Acid Composition in the Development of Metabolic Disorders in Sucrose-Induced Obese Rats | journal=Experimental Biology and Medicine | year=2004 | volume=229 | issue=6 | pages= 486–493 | url=http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/content/full/229/6/486 | id=PMID 15169967}}</ref><ref name=Storlien_1996>{{cite journal | author=Storlien LH | title=Dietary fats and insulin action | journal=Diabetologica | year=1996 | volume=39 | issue=6 | pages=621–631 | id=PMID 8781757}}</ref>
| | == [[Insulin resistance pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] == |
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| There are scientific studies showing that [[chromium picolinate]] can increase insulin sensitivity, especially in type 2 diabetics, but other studies show no effect. The results are controversial.
| | == [[Insulin resistance causes|Causes]] == |
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| Naturopathic approaches to insulin resistance have been advocated including supplementation of vanadium, bitter melon (momordica) and [[Gymnema sylvestre]].<ref name=Harinantenaina_2006>{{cite journal | author=Harinantenaina L | title=Momordica charantia constituents and antidiabetic screening of the isolated major compounds | journal=Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo) | year=2006 | volume=54 | issue=7 | pages= 1017–21 | url=http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cpb/54/7/54_1017/_article | id=PMID 16819222}}</ref>
| | == [[Insulin resistance differential diagnosis|Differentiating Insulin Resistance from other Diseases]] == |
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| ==References== | | == [[Insulin resistance epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] == |
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| ==See also== | | == [[Insulin resistance risk factors|Risk Factors]] == |
| * [[Chronic Somogyi rebound]]
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| | == [[Insulin resistance screening|Screening]] == |
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| | == [[Insulin resistance natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis]] == |
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| | == Diagnosis == |
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| | [[Insulin resistance history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Insulin resistance physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Insulin resistance laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Insulin resistance CT|CT]] | [[Insulin resistance MRI|MRI]] | [[Insulin resistance ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Insulin resistance other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Insulin resistance other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| ==External links== | | == Treatment == |
| * [http://www.insulinresistancecouncil.org The National Insulin Resistance Council]
| | [[Insulin resistance medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Insulin resistance surgery|Surgery]] | [[Insulin resistance primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Insulin resistance secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Insulin resistance cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Insulin resistance future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| * [http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=Insulin+resistance Insulin resistance] at the [[Open Directory Project]]
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| * [http://www.online-diabetes-information.com/insulin/insulin-resistance/ Insulin Resistance Information]
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| * [http://www.healthynerd.com/2006/08/02/bitter-melon-prickly-pear-cactus-reduce-glucose-levels-of-type-2-diabetics/ Bitter Melon, Prickly Pear Cactus, Address Insulin Resistance]
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| [[Category:Diabetes]]
| | == Case Studies == |
| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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| [[Category:Endocrinology]]
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| [[de:Insulinresistenz]] | | [[Insulin resistance case study one|Case #1]] |
| [[ja:インスリン抵抗性]]
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| [[pl:Insulinooporność]]
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| [[pt:Regulagem da glicemia]]
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| [[fi:Insuliiniresistenssi]]
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| [[tr:İnsülin direnci]]
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| [[zh:胰岛素抵抗]]
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| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
| | ==Related Chapters== |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
| | * [[Chronic Somogyi rebound]] |
| | * [[Metabolic syndrome]] |