Silent thyroiditis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 00:11, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Silent thyroiditis must be differentiated from other causes of thyroiditis, such as De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis, and suppurative thyroiditis. Silent thyroiditis must also be differentiated from other diseases which cause hypothyroidism. As silent thyroiditis may cause transient thyrotoxic symptoms, the diseases causing thyrotoxicosis must also be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Differentiating Silent Thyroiditis from other Diseases

Differentiating silent thyroiditis from other causes of thyroiditis

Silent thyroiditis must be differentiated from other causes of thyroiditis, such as De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis, and suppurative thyroiditis.^[1]

Conditions	Causes	Age at onset	Pathological findings	Diagnostic approach
Silent thyroiditis	Autoimmune	All ages, peak at 30-40	Lymphocytic infiltration Lymphoid follicles	Increased TSH (hypothyroidism) and/or Decreased TSH (transient hypothyroidism) TPO antibodies present in high titer I-123 uptake usually decreased
Hashimoto's thyroiditis	Autoimmune	All ages, peak at 30-50	Lymphocytic infiltration Germinal centers Fibrosis (in some variants)	Increased TSH (hypothyroidism) TPO antibodies present in high titer I-123 uptake usually decreased
Painful subacute (De Quervain's) thyroiditis	Unknown	20-60	Giant cells Granulomas	Increased TSH (hypothyroidism) and/or Decreased TSH (Thyrotoxicosis) TPO antibodies absent or very low titer I-123 uptake decreased
Postpartum thyroiditis	Autoimmune	Childbearing age	Lymphocytic infiltration	Increased TSH (hypothyroidism) and/or Decreased TSH (transient hypothyroidism) TPO antibodies present in high titer I-123 uptake usually decreased
Riedel's thyroiditis	Unknown	30-60	Dense fibrosis	Normal TSH (euthyroidism) TPO antibodies usually present I-123 uptake decreased or normal
Suppurative thyroiditis	Infection	Children, 20-40	Abscess formation	Normal TSH (euthyroidism) TPO antibodies absent I-123 uptake normal

Differentiating silent thyroiditis from other causes of hypothyroidism

Silent thyroiditis must be differentiated from other causes of hypothyroidism on the basis of history and symptoms and laboratory findings:^[2]^[3]^[1]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Disease		History and symptoms		Laboratory findings							Additional findings
Disease		Fever	Pain	TSH	Free T4	T3	T3RU†	Thyroglobin	TRH	TPOAb^	Additional findings
Transient hypothyroidism	Silent thyroiditis	-	-	↑/↓	↓/↑	Normal	↓	↑	Normal	Present (high titer)	May present primarily with hyperthyroidism
	Postpartum thyroiditis	+/-	+/-	↑/↓	↓/↑	Normal	↓	↑	Normal/↑	Present (high titer)	May present primarily with hyperthyroidism
	Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis	+/-	+/-	↑/↓	↓/↑	Normal	↓	↑	Normal	Low/absent	May present primarily with hyperthyroidism
Primary hypothyroidism	Autoimmune (Hashimoto's thyroiditis)	-	-	↑*	↓	Normal/↓	Normal/↓	Normal/↑	Normal	Present (high titer)	May be accompanied by other autoimmune diseases
	Riedel's thyroiditis	-	-	Normal/↑	Normal/↓	Normal/↓	Normal/↓	Normal	Normal	Usually present	Riedel's thyroiditis usually presents with hard and fixed thyroid mass.
	Infectious thyroiditis	+	+	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Absent	Infectious thyroiditis associated with neck pain
Others	Drug-induced	-	-	↑/↓	↓/↑	Normal	↓	Normal/↑	Normal	Absent**	History of hyperthyroidism History of trauma History of drug use, surgery, or radiation
	Radiation-induced
	Trauma induced
	Radioiodine induced
	Thyroidectomy
	Subclinical hypothyroidism	-	-	↑	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal/↑	Asymptomatic

Differentiating silent thyroiditis from other causes of thyrotoxicosis

Silent thyroiditis can initially present with thyrotoxicosis which must be differentiated from other causes of thyrotoxicosis.^[2]^[3]^[1]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

Disease		History and symptoms		Laboratory findings								Additional findings
Disease		Fever	Pain	TSH	Free T4	T3	T3RU†	Thyroglobin	TRH	TSH Receptor Antibody	TPOAb^	Additional findings
Thyroiditis	Silent thyroiditis	-	-	↑/↓	↓/↑	Normal	↓	↑	Normal	Absent	Present (high titer)	May present with hypothyroidism
	Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Hashitoxicosis)	-	-	↑*	↓	Normal/↓	Normal/↓	Normal/↑	Normal	Absent	Present (high titer)	May be accompanied by other autoimmune diseases
	Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis	+/-	+/-	↑/↓	↓/↑	Normal	↓	↑	Normal	Absent	Low/absent	May present with hypothyroidism
	Postpartum thyroiditis	+/-	+/-	↑/↓	↓/↑	Normal	↓	↑	Normal/↑	Absent	Present (high titer)	May present with hypothyroidism
Primary hyperthyroidism	Grave's disease	-	-	↓	↑	Normal/↑	↑	↑	Normal	Present	Absent	Patient may have opthalmopathy and dermopathy
Primary hyperthyroidism	Toxic thyroid nodule	-	-	↓	↑	Normal/↑	↑(hot nodule)	Normal/↑	Normal	Absent	Absent	-
Secondary hyperthyroidism	Pituitary adenoma	-	-	↑	↑	Normal/↑	↑	Normal/↑	Normal	Absent	Absent	Inappropriately normal or increased TSH
Tertiary hyperthyroidism	Tertiary hyperthyroidism	-	-	↑	↑	↑	↑	Normal/↑	↑	Absent	Absent	Inappropriately normal or increased TSH
Drug induced	Amiodarone type 1	-	-	↓	↑	Normal/↑	↓	Normal/↑	Normal	Absent	Absent	High urinary iodine
Drug induced	Amiodarone type 2	-	-	↓	↑	Normal/↑	Absent/↓	Normal/↑	Normal	Absent	Absent	High urinary iodine
Others	Factitious thyrotoxicosis	-	-	↓	↑	Normal/↑	↓	↓	Normal	Absent	Absent	Decreased thyroglobulin
	Trophoblastic disease	-	-	↓	↑	Normal/↑	↑	-	Normal	Absent	Absent	-
	Struma ovarii	-	-	↓	↑	Normal/↑	↓	-	Normal	Absent	Absent	-

(†)T3RU; Triiodothyronine Resin uptake. (^)TPOAb; Thyroid peroxidase antibodies.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 "Thyroiditis — NEJM".
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Bindra A, Braunstein GD (2006). "Thyroiditis". Am Fam Physician. 73 (10): 1769–76. PMID 16734054.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 McDermott MT (2009). "In the clinic. Hypothyroidism". Ann. Intern. Med. 151 (11): ITC61. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-01006. PMID 19949140.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Aoki Y, Belin RM, Clickner R, Jeffries R, Phillips L, Mahaffey KR (2007). "Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002)". Thyroid. 17 (12): 1211–23. doi:10.1089/thy.2006.0235. PMID 18177256.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Lania A, Persani L, Beck-Peccoz P (2008). "Central hypothyroidism". Pituitary. 11 (2): 181–6. doi:10.1007/s11102-008-0122-6. PMID 18415684.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Stockigt J. "Clinical Strategies in the Testing of Thyroid Function". PMID 25905413.
↑ "Clinical Finding and Thyroid Function in Women with Struma Ovarii".
↑ Vaidya B, Pearce SH (2014). "Diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis". BMJ. 349: g5128. PMID 25146390.
↑ "Think thyrotoxicosis factitia - measure thyroglobulin | The BMJ".

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[urlThyroiditis_—_NEJM-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 "Thyroiditis — NEJM".

[pmid16734054-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Bindra A, Braunstein GD (2006). "Thyroiditis". Am Fam Physician. 73 (10): 1769–76. PMID 16734054.

[pmid19949140-3] 3.0 ^3.1 McDermott MT (2009). "In the clinic. Hypothyroidism". Ann. Intern. Med. 151 (11): ITC61. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-01006. PMID 19949140.

[pmid18177256-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Aoki Y, Belin RM, Clickner R, Jeffries R, Phillips L, Mahaffey KR (2007). "Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002)". Thyroid. 17 (12): 1211–23. doi:10.1089/thy.2006.0235. PMID 18177256.

[pmid18415684-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Lania A, Persani L, Beck-Peccoz P (2008). "Central hypothyroidism". Pituitary. 11 (2): 181–6. doi:10.1007/s11102-008-0122-6. PMID 18415684.

[pmid25905413-6] 6.0 ^6.1 De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Stockigt J. "Clinical Strategies in the Testing of Thyroid Function". PMID 25905413.

[urlClinical_Finding_and_Thyroid_Function_in_Women_with_Struma_Ovarii-7] "Clinical Finding and Thyroid Function in Women with Struma Ovarii".

[pmid25146390-8] Vaidya B, Pearce SH (2014). "Diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis". BMJ. 349: g5128. PMID 25146390.

[urlThink_thyrotoxicosis_factitia_-_measure_thyroglobulin_|_The_BMJ-9] "Think thyrotoxicosis factitia - measure thyroglobulin | The BMJ".

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-{{Silent thyroiditis}}
+[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Silent_thyroiditis]]
-Please help WikiDoc by adding content here.  It's easy!  Click  [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]]  to learn about editing.
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MMF}}
+==Overview==
+[[Silent thyroiditis]] must be differentiated from other causes of [[thyroiditis]], such as [[De Quervain's thyroiditis]], [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]], [[Riedel's thyroiditis]], and suppurative thyroiditis. Silent thyroiditis must also be differentiated from other diseases which cause [[hypothyroidism]]. As silent thyroiditis may cause transient [[Thyrotoxicosis|thyrotoxic]] symptoms, the diseases causing [[thyrotoxicosis]] must also be considered in the differential diagnosis.
+==Differentiating Silent Thyroiditis from other Diseases==
+===Differentiating silent thyroiditis from other causes of thyroiditis===
+*Silent thyroiditis must be differentiated from other causes of [[thyroiditis]], such as [[De Quervain's thyroiditis]], [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]], [[Riedel's thyroiditis]], and suppurative thyroiditis.<ref name="urlThyroiditis — NEJM">{{cite web |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra021194 |title=Thyroiditis — NEJM |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
+{| align="center"
+|-
+|}
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" | Conditions
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Causes
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Age at onset
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Pathological findings
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diagnostic approach
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Silent thyroiditis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Autoimmune]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*All ages, peak at 30-40
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Lymphocytic infiltration
+*Lymphoid follicles
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] ([[hypothyroidism]]) and/or
+* [[Thyroid function tests|Decreased TSH]] (transient [[hypothyroidism]])
+*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] present in high titer
+*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake usually decreased
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Autoimmune]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*All ages, peak at 30-50
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Lymphocytic infiltration
+*[[Germinal center|Germinal centers]]
+*[[Fibrosis]] (in some variants)
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] ([[hypothyroidism]])
+*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] present in high titer
+*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake usually decreased
+|-
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[De Quervain's thyroiditis|Painful subacute (De Quervain's) thyroiditis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Unknown
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*20-60
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Giant cells
+*[[Granuloma|Granulomas]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] ([[hypothyroidism]]) and/or
+* [[Thyroid function tests|Decreased TSH]] ([[Thyrotoxicosis]])
+*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] absent or very low titer
+*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake decreased
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Postpartum thyroiditis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Autoimmune]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Childbearing age
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Lymphocytic infiltration
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] ([[hypothyroidism]]) and/or
+* [[Thyroid function tests|Decreased TSH]] (transient hypothyroidism)
+*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] present in high titer
+*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake usually decreased
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Riedel's thyroiditis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Unknown
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*30-60
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Dense [[fibrosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Thyroid function tests|Normal TSH]] (euthyroidism)
+*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] usually present
+*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake decreased or normal
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Suppurative thyroiditis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Infection]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Children, 20-40
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Abscess]] formation
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Thyroid function tests|Normal TSH]] (euthyroidism)
+*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] absent
+*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake normal
+|}
+===Differentiating silent thyroiditis from other causes of hypothyroidism===
+*Silent thyroiditis must be differentiated from other causes of [[hypothyroidism]] on the basis of history and symptoms and laboratory findings:<ref name="pmid16734054">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bindra A, Braunstein GD |title=Thyroiditis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=73 |issue=10 |pages=1769–76 |year=2006 |pmid=16734054 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19949140">{{cite journal |vauthors=McDermott MT |title=In the clinic. Hypothyroidism |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=151 |issue=11 |pages=ITC61 |year=2009 |pmid=19949140 |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-01006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlThyroiditis — NEJM">{{cite web |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra021194 |title=Thyroiditis — NEJM |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18177256">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aoki Y, Belin RM, Clickner R, Jeffries R, Phillips L, Mahaffey KR |title=Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002) |journal=Thyroid |volume=17 |issue=12 |pages=1211–23 |year=2007 |pmid=18177256 |doi=10.1089/thy.2006.0235 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18415684">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lania A, Persani L, Beck-Peccoz P |title=Central hypothyroidism |journal=Pituitary |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=181–6 |year=2008 |pmid=18415684 |doi=10.1007/s11102-008-0122-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25905413">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Stockigt J |title=Clinical Strategies in the Testing of Thyroid Function |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905413 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px;"
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Disease
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |History and symptoms
+! colspan="7" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Laboratory findings
+! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Additional findings
+|-
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Fever
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Pain
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TSH
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Free T4
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3RU<small>†
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Thyroglobin
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TRH
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TPOAb^
+|-
+| rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hypothyroidism|Transient hypothyroidism]]
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Silent thyroiditis]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''↑/'''↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Present (high titer)
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*May present primarily with [[hyperthyroidism]]
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Postpartum thyroiditis]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''↑/'''↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Present (high titer)
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*May present primarily with [[hyperthyroidism]]
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[De Quervain's thyroiditis|Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''↑/'''↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Low/absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*May present primarily with [[hyperthyroidism]]
+|-
+| rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Primary hypothyroidism]]
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis|Autoimmune]] ([[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]])
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''↑'''<small>*
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''''↓'''''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''''↓'''''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Present (high titer)
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* May be accompanied by other [[autoimmune diseases]]
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Riedel's thyroiditis]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Usually present
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*[[Riedel's thyroiditis]] usually presents with hard and fixed [[thyroid]] mass.
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Infectious thyroiditis]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*[[Thyroiditis|Infectious thyroiditis]] associated with [[neck pain]]
+|-
+| rowspan="8" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Others
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Drug-induced
+| rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''↑'''/↓
+| rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''''↓'''''/↑
+| rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''↑'''
+| rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent**
+| rowspan="5" align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* History of [[hyperthyroidism]]
+* History of [[trauma]]
+*History of drug use, [[surgery]], or [[radiation]]
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Radiation-induced
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Trauma induced
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Radioiodine induced
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thyroidectomy]]
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Subclinical hypothyroidism
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''↑'''
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* Asymptomatic
+|-
+|}
+===Differentiating silent thyroiditis from other causes of thyrotoxicosis===
+*Silent thyroiditis can initially present with [[thyrotoxicosis]] which must be differentiated from other causes of [[thyrotoxicosis]].<ref name="pmid16734054">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bindra A, Braunstein GD |title=Thyroiditis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=73 |issue=10 |pages=1769–76 |year=2006 |pmid=16734054 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19949140">{{cite journal |vauthors=McDermott MT |title=In the clinic. Hypothyroidism |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=151 |issue=11 |pages=ITC61 |year=2009 |pmid=19949140 |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-01006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlThyroiditis — NEJM">{{cite web |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra021194 |title=Thyroiditis — NEJM |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18177256">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aoki Y, Belin RM, Clickner R, Jeffries R, Phillips L, Mahaffey KR |title=Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002) |journal=Thyroid |volume=17 |issue=12 |pages=1211–23 |year=2007 |pmid=18177256 |doi=10.1089/thy.2006.0235 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18415684">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lania A, Persani L, Beck-Peccoz P |title=Central hypothyroidism |journal=Pituitary |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=181–6 |year=2008 |pmid=18415684 |doi=10.1007/s11102-008-0122-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25905413">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Stockigt J |title=Clinical Strategies in the Testing of Thyroid Function |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905413 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlClinical Finding and Thyroid Function in Women with Struma Ovarii">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindawi.com/archive/2013/717584/ |title=Clinical Finding and Thyroid Function in Women with Struma Ovarii |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25146390">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vaidya B, Pearce SH |title=Diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis |journal=BMJ |volume=349 |issue= |pages=g5128 |year=2014 |pmid=25146390 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlThink thyrotoxicosis factitia - measure thyroglobulin | The BMJ">{{cite web |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g5128/rr/763450 |title=Think thyrotoxicosis factitia - measure thyroglobulin &#124; The BMJ |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
+{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px;"
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Disease
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |History and symptoms
+! colspan="8" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Laboratory findings
+! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Additional findings
+|-
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Fever
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Pain
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TSH
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Free T4
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3RU<small>†
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Thyroglobin
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TRH
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TSH Receptor Antibody
+! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TPOAb^
+|-
+| rowspan="4" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thyroiditis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Silent thyroiditis]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''↑/'''↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Present (high titer)
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*May present with [[hypothyroidism]]
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]] (Hashitoxicosis)
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''↑'''<small>*
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''''↓'''''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''''↓'''''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Present (high titer)
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* May be accompanied by other [[autoimmune diseases]]
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[De Quervain's thyroiditis|Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''↑/'''↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Low/absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*May present with [[hypothyroidism]]
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Postpartum thyroiditis]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''↑/'''↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Present (high titer)
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*May present with [[hypothyroidism]]
+|-
+| rowspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[hyperthyroidism|Primary hyperthyroidism]]
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Grave's disease]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''''↑'''''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Present
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* Patient may have [[Grave's opthalmopathy|opthalmopathy]] and [[dermopathy]]
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Toxic thyroid nodule]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑(hot [[Thyroid nodule|nodule]])
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+-
+|-
+| rowspan="1" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hyperthyroidism|Secondary hyperthyroidism]]
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Pituitary adenoma]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*Inappropriately normal or increased [[TSH]]
+|-
+| rowspan="1" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hyperthyroidism|Tertiary hyperthyroidism]]
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hyperthyroidism|Tertiary hyperthyroidism]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*Inappropriately normal or increased [[TSH]]
+|-
+| rowspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Drug induced
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Amiodarone| Amiodarone type 1]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*High urinary [[iodine]]
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Amiodarone|Amiodarone type 2]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent/↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/'''↑'''
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*High urinary [[iodine]]
+|-
+| rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Others
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thyrotoxicosis factitia|Factitious thyrotoxicosis]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*Decreased [[thyroglobulin]]
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Trophoblastic disease]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+-
+|-
+| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Struma ovarii]]
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal/↑
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
+| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+-
+|-
+|}
+<small>''(†)T3RU; Triiodothyronine Resin uptake. (^)TPOAb; [[Thyroid peroxidase]] antibodies.''</small>
 ==References==
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