Gynecomastia (patient information): Difference between revisions

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{{Gynecomastia (patient information)}}
{{Template:Gynecomastia (patient informtion)}}


'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Gynecomastia|here]]'''
'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Gynecomastia|here]]'''


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AN}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HS}}, {{AN}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Gynecomastia is the growth of abnormally large breasts in males. It is due to the excess growth of breast tissue, not excess fat tissue.
Gynecomastia is a condition of large breasts in men. It is due to increased levels of [[estrogen]] (female hormone) than [[testosterone]] (male hormone) in the males. The condition is commonly seen in [[newborns]], in [[adolescence]] and in elderly and usually goes away on its own. Gynecomastia usually doesn't require any testing, however, blood [[hormone]] levels, [[ultrasound]] or [[mammogram]] can be done in certain situations to rule out other diseases.


==What are the symptoms of Gynecomastia?==
==What are the symptoms of Gynecomastia?==
There is enlargement of breast tissue.
*Breast enlargement
*Breast pain


==What causes Gynecomastia?==
==What causes Gynecomastia?==
Androgens are hormones that create male characteristics, such as hair growth, muscle size, and a deep voice. Estrogens are hormones that create female characteristics. All men have both androgens and estrogens.
*All men have both [[androgens]] and [[Estrogen|estrogens]] in fix levels. Androgens are hormones that create male characteristics, such as hair growth, muscle size, and a deep voice. Estrogens are hormones that create female characteristics.  
 
*Changes in the levels of these hormones, or in how the body uses or responds to these hormones can cause enlarged breasts in men.
Changes in the levels of these hormones, or in how the body uses or responds to these hormones can cause enlarged breasts in men.
===Common causes include===
 
*[[Infancy]]
More than half of boys develop gynecomastia during puberty.
*[[Puberty]]
 
*[[Aging]]
Other causes include:
*[[Chronic liver disease]]
 
*Exposure to [[anabolic]] [[steroid]] hormones
Aging
*Exposure to [[estrogen]] (female hormone)
Cancer chemotherapy
*[[Kidney failure]] and [[dialysis]]
Chronic liver disease
*Lack (deficiency) of [[testosterone]] (male hormone)
Exposure to anabolic steroid hormones
*[[Marijuana]] use
Exposure to estrogen hormone
*Hormone treatment for [[prostate]] cancer
Kidney failure and dialysis
*[[Radiation]] treatment of the [[testicles]]
Lack (deficiency) of testosterone (male hormone)
*Side effects of some medications ([[ketoconazole]], [[spironolactone]], [[cimetidine]] etc)
Marijuana use
*Overactive [[thyroid]]
Hormone treatment for prostate cancer
===Rare causes include===
Radiation treatment of the testicles
*[[Genetic]] defects
Side effects of some medications (ketoconazole, spironolactone, metronidazole, cimetidine (Tagamet))
*[[Tumors]]
 
===Signs that may suggest breast cancer include===
Rare causes include:
*One-sided breast growth
 
*Firm or hard breast [[lump]] that feels like it is attached to the tissue
Genetic defects
*Skin sore over the breast
Overactive thyroid
*Bloody discharge from the [[nipple]]
Tumors
 
Breast cancer in men is rare. Signs that may suggest breast cancer include:
 
One-sided breast growth
Firm or hard breast lump that feels like it is attached to the tissue
Skin sore over the breast
Bloody discharge from the nipple


==When to seek medical care?==
==When to seek medical care?==
Call your health care provider if:
*Call your health care provider if:
 
**You have recent [[swelling]], pain, or enlargement in one or both breasts.
You have recent swelling, pain, or enlargement in one or both breasts
**There is dark or bloody discharge from the nipples.
There is dark or bloody discharge from the nipples
**There is a skin sore or ulcer over the breast.
There is a skin sore or ulcer over the breast
**A breast lump feels hard or firm.
A breast lump feels hard or firm
 
Note: Gynecomastia in children who have not yet reached puberty should always be checked by a health care provider.


==Treatment options==
==Treatment options==
===Home care===
===Home care===
Apply cold compresses and use pain relievers ( analgesics) as your health care provider recommends if swollen breasts are also tender.
*Apply cold compresses and use pain relievers ( [[Analgesic|analgesics]]) as your health care provider recommends if swollen breasts are also painful.
 
Other tips include:
 
Stop taking all recreational drugs, such as marijuana
Stop taking all nutritional supplements or any drugs you are taking for bodybuilding


*Stop taking all [[Recreational drugs|recreationa]]<nowiki/>l drugs, such as [[marijuana]]
*Stop taking all [[nutritional supplements]] or any [[Medication|medications]] you are taking and consult your doctor.
===What to expect from your Office visit?===
===What to expect from your Office visit?===
Your health care provider will take a medical history and perform a physical examination.
*Your health care provider will take a [[medical history]] and perform a [[physical examination]].
 
*Medical history questions may include:
Medical history questions may include:
**Is one or both breasts involved?
 
**What is the age and gender of the patient?
Is one or both breasts involved?
**What [[Medication|medications]] is the person taking?
What is the age and gender of the patient?
**How long has gynecomastia been present?
What medications is the person taking?
**Is the gynecomastia staying the same, getting better, or getting worse?
How long has gynecomastia been present?
**What other [[symptoms]] are present?
Is the gynecomastia staying the same, getting better, or getting worse?
What other symptoms are present?
 
Testing may not be necessary, but the following tests may be done to rule out certain diseases:


Blood hormone level tests
*Testing may not be necessary, but the following tests may be done to rule out certain diseases:
Breast ultrasound
**Blood [[hormone]] levels
Liver and kidney function studies
**Breast [[ultrasound]]
Mammogram
**[[Liver]] and [[kidney]] function tests
**[[Mammogram]]


===Intervention===
===Intervention===
If an underlying condition is found, it is treated. Your physician should consider all medications that may be causing the problem. Gynecomastia during puberty usually goes away on its own.
*If an underlying condition is found, it is treated. Your physician should consider all [[medications]] that may be causing the problem. Gynecomastia during [[puberty]] and in [[newborns]] usually goes away on its own.
 
*Breast enlargement that is extreme, uneven, or does not go away may be embarrassing for an adolescent boy.
Breast enlargement that is extreme, uneven, or does not go away may be embarrassing for an adolescent boy. Treatments that may be used in rare situations are:
*Treatments that may be used in rare situations are:
 
**Hormone treatments that block the effects of estrogens.
Hormone treatment that blocks the effects of estrogens
**Breast size reducing surgery.
Breast reduction surgery


==Sources==
==Sources==
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[[Category:Oncology patient information]]
[[Category:Oncology patient information]]
[[Category:Endocrinology patient information]]
[[Category:Endocrinology patient information]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]

Latest revision as of 19:56, 18 August 2017

(Gynecomastia)

Overview

What are the symptoms?

What are the causes?

Who is at highest risk?

Diagnosis

When to seek urgent medical care?

Treatment options

Where to find medical care for (Gynecomastia)?

Prevention

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Possible complications

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For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2], Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [3]

Overview

Gynecomastia is a condition of large breasts in men. It is due to increased levels of estrogen (female hormone) than testosterone (male hormone) in the males. The condition is commonly seen in newborns, in adolescence and in elderly and usually goes away on its own. Gynecomastia usually doesn't require any testing, however, blood hormone levels, ultrasound or mammogram can be done in certain situations to rule out other diseases.

What are the symptoms of Gynecomastia?

  • Breast enlargement
  • Breast pain

What causes Gynecomastia?

  • All men have both androgens and estrogens in fix levels. Androgens are hormones that create male characteristics, such as hair growth, muscle size, and a deep voice. Estrogens are hormones that create female characteristics.
  • Changes in the levels of these hormones, or in how the body uses or responds to these hormones can cause enlarged breasts in men.

Common causes include

Rare causes include

Signs that may suggest breast cancer include

  • One-sided breast growth
  • Firm or hard breast lump that feels like it is attached to the tissue
  • Skin sore over the breast
  • Bloody discharge from the nipple

When to seek medical care?

  • Call your health care provider if:
    • You have recent swelling, pain, or enlargement in one or both breasts.
    • There is dark or bloody discharge from the nipples.
    • There is a skin sore or ulcer over the breast.
    • A breast lump feels hard or firm.

Treatment options

Home care

  • Apply cold compresses and use pain relievers ( analgesics) as your health care provider recommends if swollen breasts are also painful.

What to expect from your Office visit?

  • Your health care provider will take a medical history and perform a physical examination.
  • Medical history questions may include:
    • Is one or both breasts involved?
    • What is the age and gender of the patient?
    • What medications is the person taking?
    • How long has gynecomastia been present?
    • Is the gynecomastia staying the same, getting better, or getting worse?
    • What other symptoms are present?

Intervention

  • If an underlying condition is found, it is treated. Your physician should consider all medications that may be causing the problem. Gynecomastia during puberty and in newborns usually goes away on its own.
  • Breast enlargement that is extreme, uneven, or does not go away may be embarrassing for an adolescent boy.
  • Treatments that may be used in rare situations are:
    • Hormone treatments that block the effects of estrogens.
    • Breast size reducing surgery.

Sources

Template:WH Template:WS

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