Toxic multinodular goiter causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 23:08, 10 January 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sunny Kumar MD [2]

Overview

The progression to Toxic multinodular goiter usually involves the somatic gain-of-function mutations in the TSH receptor gene.

Causes

The causes of toxic multinodular goiter are as follows:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Genetic Causes

The development of multi-nodular goiter is the result of multiple genetic base substitution mutations on exon 10 of chromosome 14q31.

Frequency of mutation	TSHr gene codon	base substitution	amino acid change
Common	486	ATC/ATG	Ile/Met
Common	632	ACC/ATC	Thr/Ile
Less common	619	GAT/GGT	Asp/Gly
Less common	623	GCC/GTC	Ala/Val
Less common	629	TTG/TTT	Leu/Phe
Less common	630	ATC/CTC	Ile/Leu
Less common	633	GAC/GAG	Asp/Glu
Less common	639	CCA/TCA	Pro/Ser

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	The development of multi-nodular goiter is the result of multiple genetic base substitution mutations on exon 10 of chromosome 14q31.
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

Genetic base substitution mutations on exon 10 of chromosome 14q31.
Cause 2
Cause 3
Cause 4
Cause 5
Cause 6
Cause 7
Cause 8
Cause 9
Cause 10

References

Template:WH Template:WS

[urlDICER1_mutations_in_Familial_Multi-Nodular_Goiter_with_and_without_Ovarian_Sertoli-Leydig_Cell_Tumors-1] "DICER1 mutations in Familial Multi-Nodular Goiter with and without Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors".

[urlTSH-receptor_autoantibodies_-_differentiation_of_hyperthyroidism_between_Graves_disease_and_toxic_multinodular_goitre._-_PubMed_-_NCBI-2] "TSH-receptor autoantibodies - differentiation of hyperthyroidism between Graves' disease and toxic multinodular goitre. - PubMed - NCBI".

[urlHyperfunctioning_thyroid_nodules_in_toxic_multinodular_goiter_share_activating_thyrotropin_receptor_mutations_with_solitary_toxic_adenoma._-_PubMed_-_NCBI-3] "Hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules in toxic multinodular goiter share activating thyrotropin receptor mutations with solitary toxic adenoma. - PubMed - NCBI".

[urlHyperfunctioning_Thyroid_Nodules_in_Toxic_Multinodular_Goiter_Share_Activating_Thyrotropin_Receptor_Mutations_with_Solitary_Toxic_Adenoma1_|_The_Journal_of_Clinical_Endocrinology_&_Metabolism_|_Oxford_Academic-4] "Hyperfunctioning Thyroid Nodules in Toxic Multinodular Goiter Share Activating Thyrotropin Receptor Mutations with Solitary Toxic Adenoma1 | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic".

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Toxic multinodular goiter}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SKA}}
 ==Overview==
+The progression to Toxic multinodular goiter usually involves the somatic gain-of-function mutations in the TSH receptor gene.
 ==Causes==
-Toxic nodular goiter grows from an existing simple [[goiter]]. It occurs most often in the elderly. Risk factors include being female and over 60 years old. This disorder is almost never seen in children.
+The causes of toxic multinodular goiter are as follows:<ref name="urlDICER1 mutations in Familial Multi-Nodular Goiter with and without Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3406486/ |title=DICER1 mutations in Familial Multi-Nodular Goiter with and without Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlTSH-receptor autoantibodies - differentiation of hyperthyroidism between Graves disease and toxic multinodular goitre. - PubMed - NCBI">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15127319 |title=TSH-receptor autoantibodies - differentiation of hyperthyroidism between Graves' disease and toxic multinodular goitre. - PubMed - NCBI |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlHyperfunctioning thyroid nodules in toxic multinodular goiter share activating thyrotropin receptor mutations with solitary toxic adenoma. - PubMed - NCBI">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9467563 |title=Hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules in toxic multinodular goiter share activating thyrotropin receptor mutations with solitary toxic adenoma. - PubMed - NCBI |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlHyperfunctioning Thyroid Nodules in Toxic Multinodular Goiter Share Activating Thyrotropin Receptor Mutations with Solitary Toxic Adenoma1 | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic">{{cite web |url=https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/83/2/492/2865381/Hyperfunctioning-Thyroid-Nodules-in-Toxic |title=Hyperfunctioning Thyroid Nodules in Toxic Multinodular Goiter Share Activating Thyrotropin Receptor Mutations with Solitary Toxic Adenoma1 &#124; The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism &#124; Oxford Academic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
+===Genetic Causes===
+*The development of multi-nodular goiter is the result of multiple genetic base substitution mutations on exon 10 of chromosome 14q31.
+{| class="wikitable"
+!Frequency of mutation
+!TSHr gene codon
+!base substitution
+!amino acid change
+|-
+|'''Common'''
+|486
+|ATC/ATG
+|Ile/Met
+|-
+|'''Common'''
+|632
+|ACC/ATC
+|Thr/Ile
+|-
+|'''Less common'''
+|619
+|GAT/GGT
+|Asp/Gly
+|-
+|'''Less common'''
+|623
+|GCC/GTC
+|Ala/Val
+|-
+|'''Less common'''
+|629
+|TTG/TTT
+|Leu/Phe
+|-
+|'''Less common'''
+|630
+|ATC/CTC
+|Ile/Leu
+|-
+|'''Less common'''
+|633
+|GAC/GAG
+|Asp/Glu
+|-
+|'''Less common'''
+|639
+|CCA/TCA
+|Pro/Ser
+|}
+===Causes by Organ System===
+{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
+| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
+|-
+| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | The development of multi-nodular goiter is the result of multiple genetic base substitution mutations on exon 10 of chromosome 14q31.
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|}
-Sometimes patients with toxic multinodular goiter will develop high thyroid levels for the first time after they receive a large amount of iodine through a vein (intravenously). The iodine may be used as contrast for a [[CT scan]] or [[heart catheterization]].
+===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
+{{columns-list|
+* Genetic base substitution mutations on exon 10 of chromosome 14q31.
+* Cause 2
+* Cause 3
+* Cause 4
+* Cause 5
+* Cause 6
+* Cause 7
+* Cause 8
+* Cause 9
+* Cause 10
+}}
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
-[[Category:Disease]]
-[[Category:Endocrinology]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+{{WH}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}
+{{WS}}