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{{Macrocytic anemia}} | {{Macrocytic anemia}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
''' | Common risk factors of [[megaloblastic anemia]] include nutritional factors, [[alcoholism]], [[elderly]], [[Pregnancy|pregnant]], vegans, and malabsorptive syndromes. | ||
==Risk Factors== | |||
Common risk factors of [[megaloblastic anemia]]:<ref name="pmid8638997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carmel R |title=Prevalence of undiagnosed pernicious anemia in the elderly |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=156 |issue=10 |pages=1097–100 |date=May 1996 |pmid=8638997 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9358143">{{cite journal |vauthors=Toh BH, van Driel IR, Gleeson PA |title=Pernicious anemia |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=337 |issue=20 |pages=1441–8 |date=November 1997 |pmid=9358143 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199711133372007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26918709">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rusak E, Chobot A, Krzywicka A, Wenzlau J |title=Anti-parietal cell antibodies - diagnostic significance |journal=Adv Med Sci |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=175–179 |date=September 2016 |pmid=26918709 |doi=10.1016/j.advms.2015.12.004 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24424200">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bizzaro N, Antico A |title=Diagnosis and classification of pernicious anemia |journal=Autoimmun Rev |volume=13 |issue=4-5 |pages=565–8 |date=2014 |pmid=24424200 |doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.042 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* [[Folate deficiency]] | |||
* Nutritional deficiency | |||
** Strict vegan diet | |||
** Malabsorptive disorders such as blind loops/[[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome|bacterial overgrowth]], [[sprue]], Whipple’s and [[Crohn's disease|crohn’s]] | |||
** ''Diphillobothrium latum'' infection (a competitor for B12 absorption) | |||
* Elderly age | |||
* [[Alcohol]] use | |||
* [[Narcotic]] abuse | |||
* Physiologic or pathologic states of increased metabolic demand | |||
** [[Pregnancy]] | |||
** [[Infancy]] | |||
** Low grade [[hemolysis]] | |||
** [[Malignancy]] | |||
** Chronic [[hemodialysis]] | |||
* Autoimmune disease | |||
** [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis|Hashimoto’s]] | |||
** [[Vitiligo]] | |||
** [[Diabetes]] | |||
** [[Adrenal insufficiency]] (Schmitt’s Syndrome) | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[3]
Overview
Common risk factors of megaloblastic anemia include nutritional factors, alcoholism, elderly, pregnant, vegans, and malabsorptive syndromes.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors of megaloblastic anemia:[1][2][3][4]
- Folate deficiency
- Nutritional deficiency
- Strict vegan diet
- Malabsorptive disorders such as blind loops/bacterial overgrowth, sprue, Whipple’s and crohn’s
- Diphillobothrium latum infection (a competitor for B12 absorption)
- Elderly age
- Alcohol use
- Narcotic abuse
- Physiologic or pathologic states of increased metabolic demand
- Pregnancy
- Infancy
- Low grade hemolysis
- Malignancy
- Chronic hemodialysis
- Autoimmune disease
- Hashimoto’s
- Vitiligo
- Diabetes
- Adrenal insufficiency (Schmitt’s Syndrome)
References
- ↑ Carmel R (May 1996). "Prevalence of undiagnosed pernicious anemia in the elderly". Arch. Intern. Med. 156 (10): 1097–100. PMID 8638997.
- ↑ Toh BH, van Driel IR, Gleeson PA (November 1997). "Pernicious anemia". N. Engl. J. Med. 337 (20): 1441–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199711133372007. PMID 9358143.
- ↑ Rusak E, Chobot A, Krzywicka A, Wenzlau J (September 2016). "Anti-parietal cell antibodies - diagnostic significance". Adv Med Sci. 61 (2): 175–179. doi:10.1016/j.advms.2015.12.004. PMID 26918709.
- ↑ Bizzaro N, Antico A (2014). "Diagnosis and classification of pernicious anemia". Autoimmun Rev. 13 (4–5): 565–8. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.042. PMID 24424200.